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Topic: Foreign relations of the Vatican City

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	Vatican City - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vatican City — formally State of the Vatican City, or Vatican City State (Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanæ and Italian: Stato della Città del Vaticano) — is an ecclesiastical sovereign landlocked enclave surrounded by Rome, Italy.
		The Vatican City, one of the European microstates, is situated on the Vatican Hill in the north-western part of Rome, several hundred metres west of the Tiber river, on the latter's right bank.
		The Vatican Library and the collections of the Vatican Museums are of the highest historical, scientific and cultural importance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vatican_City (2413 words)

	Vatican City (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The State of the Vatican City (commonly known also as the Vatican City-State) is the smallest independent country in the world (both in area and in population), a landlocked enclave surrounded by the city of Rome in Italy.
		The Vatican is technically a rare case of a non-hereditary elective monarchy; the monarch, the Pope, being elected for life by those Cardinalss under the age of 80 during a Conclave (held in the Sistine Chapel).
		The Vatican City is situated on the Vatican Hill in the northwestern part of Rome, several hundred metres west of the Tiber river.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/v/va/vatican_city.html (932 words)

	Vatican City - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Vatican City — formally known as the State of the Vatican City or Vatican City State (Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanæ and Italian: Stato della Città del Vaticano) — is a sovereign landlocked enclave surrounded by Rome, Italy.
		Vatican City is considered a non-hereditary elective monarchy with a sovereign that wields absolute authority.
		Archbishop Giovanni Lajolo, Secretary of the of the Secretariat of State is the Vatican's foreign minister.
	www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Vatican_City (2272 words)

	Vatican City - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The State of the City of the Vatican (commonly known also as Vatican City) is the smallest independent country in the world (both in area and in population), a landlocked enclave surrounded by the city of Rome in Italy.
		The Vatican City includes the Vatican Hill (mons vaticanus), whose name predates Christianity, and the Vatican Fields north of the hill, upon which St.
		The Vatican is technically a rare case of a non-hereditary elective monarchy; the monarch, the Pope, being elected for life by those Cardinals under the age of 80 during a Conclave (held in the Sistine Chapel).
	open-encyclopedia.com /Vatican_City (1078 words)

	Vatican City Online Research :: Information about Vatican City (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Vatican City - formally State of the Vatican City, or Vatican City State (Latin : Status Civitatis VaticanÃ¦ and Italian Language : Stato della CittÃ del Vaticano) - is an ecclesiastical Sovereignty landlocked Enclave surrounded by Rome, Italy.
		The Head of State is the Pope ; the Head of Government are the Cardinal Secretary of State and Governor of Vatican City (sometimes referred to as the President of Vatican City).
		Disputes between a series of " Prisoner in the Vatican " popes and Italy were resolved on February 11, 1929 by three Lateran treaties, which established, under Mussolini, the independent state of the Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy.
	in-northcarolina.com /search/Vatican_City.html (2615 words)

	Vatican City : VA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Vatican City : VA Vatican City : VA Vatican City : VA The State of the Vatican City is the smallest country in the world, a landlocked enclave surrounded by the city of Rome in Italy.
		In addition to Vatican City the State includes certain extra-territorial properties in Italy belonging to the Holy See (Major Basilicas, Curial and diocesan offices, Castel Gandolpho).
		It also has a large and valuable library and the collections of the Vatican Museums are of the highest historical, scientific and cultural importance.
	www.freetemplate.ws /va/va.html (1457 words)

	Nuncio - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, he often also serves as the Vatican's eye on the national church, officiously supervising the episcopate.
		For nations with whom the Vatican has no offical ties, an Apostolic Delegate is sent to serve as a liaison to the Catholic Church in that nation.
		Both states, however, established formal relations with the Holy See in the late twentieth century, allowing for the appointment of a Papal Nuncio.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Apostolic_Nuncio (309 words)

	Foreign relations of the Vatican City - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In addition, the Holy See has diplomatic relations with the European Union in Brussels.
		The Holy See is the only European state that still recognizes the Republic of China (Taiwan) instead of the People's Republic of China.
		It is the longest lasting diplomatic ally of the ROC, having held official relations since 1942.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Vatican_City (462 words)

	Diplomatic Relations (from Vatican City) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		The official residence of the pope of the Roman Catholic church is Vatican City, or Città del Vaticano in Italian.
		A city is a concentrated center of population that includes residential housing and, typically, a wide variety of workplaces, schools, and other permanent establishments as well as a transportation network.
		Presents the story of the Vatican Library as the intellectual driving force behind the emergence of Rome as a political and scholarly superpower during the Renaissance.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-209762?tocId=209762 (979 words)

	F.C.F.C.'s page
		The Vatican's attempts to enlist foreign secular help to crush the Mexican Secular Government were in vain, as Roosevelt was convinced that he could not interfere in the internal affairs of Mexico without alarming the already suspicious LatinAmerican countries and thus imperilling his "Good Neighbor" policy.
		The Vatican's policy in Asia, although based on the furtherance of Catholicism, was strongly influenced, in the period between the two world wars, by the general policy of the Catholic Church in Europe.
		But when Hitler struck against Russia the joy of the Vatican was only half what it might have been; for Japan, instead of attacking from the East, as had been hoped, followed a plan of her own and hit at Pearl Harbor, thus drawing the United States of America into the war.
	www.geocities.com /visplace/vatican19.htm (5248 words)

	FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE VATICAN CITY FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Holy_See is the legal body that conducts diplomatic relations for the Vatican_City.
		It maintains formal diplomatic relations with 174 sovereign states, the European_Union, and the Order_of_Malta; 69 of these maintain permanent resident diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See in Rome.
		It also has relations of a special nature with Russia (Mission with an Ambassador) and the Palestine_Liberation_Organization (Office with a Director).
	www.witwib.com /Foreign_relations_of_the_Vatican_City (419 words)

	H 1629 Foreign Relations
		BACKGROUND: The free-floating subdivision –Foreign relations is used under names of countries (or regions made up of two or more countries) for works that discuss the diplomatic relations between these countries and other sovereign states.
		Assign the heading [region or country]–Foreign relations without further subdivision by place, for works that discuss the diplomatic relations of the region or country in general, that is, with three or more regions or countries.
		Assign the heading Catholic Church–Foreign relations to works on the general diplomatic relations of the Catholic Church, that is, on its diplomatic relations with three or more regions or countries.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~chopey/H1629For.htm (511 words)

	[No title]
		The State of Vatican City covers an area extending from a short distance from the right bank of the Tiber and includes a slight elevation, of what was anciently known as the Vatican Hill, the old Ager Vaticanus on which summer villas were built during the republican period.
		The Vatican City is thus recognized - and this is so also in international discipline - as a moral, artistic and cultural patrimony worthy of being respected and protected as a treasure belonging to humanity.
		Acquisition and loss of citizenship, authorization to reside in the State of Vatican City and formalities to enter, are set out in the Law N. III of 7 June 1929, on citizenship and residence, and in the Regulation N. XXXVI of 27 September 1932, for entrance to Vatican City.
	www.vatican.va /news_services/press/documentazione/documents/sp_ss_scv/informazione_generale/sp_ss_scv_info-generale_en.html (1382 words)

	Inside the Vatican - Monthly Catholic Magazine
		VATICAN CITY, Friday, April 15, 2005 -- The new US ambassador to the Holy See is Oklahoma businessman Francis Rooney, Inside the Vatican has learned.
		Rooney was a member of the Leadership Task Force, a Tulsa City and County planning group headed jointly by the Mayor and the Chairman of the County Commission, which developed the Vision 2025 $900 million package of capital improvement and job creation projects approved by the public in September 2003.
		Rooney was a founding member of the Tulsa Committee on Foreign Relations and is a member of the Board of Advisors of the Panama Canal Authority, Republic of Panama, and a Director of the Newport Shipyard, Newport, Rhode Island.
	www.insidethevatican.com /newsflash-apr14-05-2.htm (667 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Country profiles \| Country profile: Vatican
		The Vatican is the smallest independent state in the world and the residence of the spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic church.
		Already one of the Vatican's most powerful men, he presided over the funeral of his predecessor, Pope John Paul II, and was said to be among the late pontiff's closest friends.
		Drafted into the German armed forces during World War II, he deserted as it drew to a close and was a prisoner of war in 1945.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1066140.stm (491 words)

	Foreign relations of the Vatican City (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As noted maintains formal diplomatic relations with 166 nations; of these maintain permanent resident diplomatic missions to the Holy See in Rome.
		It is the longest lasting diplomatic of the ROC having held official relations 1942.
		Siam and the Vatican in the Seventeenth Century
	www.freeglossary.com /Foreign_relations_of_the_Vatican_City (565 words)

	Subject Bibliography: Foreign Relations of the United States (210) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Focuses on the foreign policymaking process of the United States government, including documentation illuminating policy formulation and major aspects and repercussions of its execution.
		Includes documentation illuminating the foreign policymaking process of the United States government, with emphasis on the highest level at which policy on a particular subject was determined.
		Presents the documentary record of the United States policy toward the Republic of Korea (ROK) in: the bilateral relations with the ROK from 1964 through 1968; the Pueblo crisis; and efforts to encourage a settlement of issues between the ROK and Japan unresolved since World War II.
	bookstore.gpo.gov /sb/sb-210.html (2434 words)

	Encyclopedia: Foreign relations of the Vatican City (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Knights Hospitaller (the or Knights of Malta or Knights of Rhodes) is a tradition which began as a Benedictine nursing Order founded in the 11th century based in the Holy Land, but soon became a militant Christian Chivalric Order under its own charter, and was charged with the care...
		Secretariat of State is the office led by the leader of the Roman Curia who assists the pope in administration of the Vatican.
		World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Foreign-relations-of-the-Vatican-City (942 words)

	Holy See (10/05)
		The Vatican includes high dignitaries, priests, nuns, and guards as well as about 3,000 lay workers who comprise the majority of the work force.
		The Vatican City maintains the Swiss Guards, a voluntary military force, as well as a modern security corps.
		The United States maintained consular relations with the Papal States from 1797 to 1870 and diplomatic relations with the Pope, in his capacity as head of the Papal States, from 1848 to 1868, though not at the ambassadorial level.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3819.htm (1988 words)

	The Vatican (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Vatican City State: The Vatican Library From Gabriel, the information service for the National Libraries of Europe
		Vatican Observatory The Vatican Observatory, one of the oldest astronomical research institutions in the world, has its headquarters at the papal summer residence in Castel Gandolfo, Italy, outside Rome.
		Library of Congress Vatican Exhibit Presents some 200 of the Vatican Library's most precious manuscripts, books, and maps--many of which played a key role in the humanist recovery of the classical heritage of Greece and Rome
	www.shc.edu /theolibrary/vatican.htm (319 words)

	Saddam aide gets Vatican legal help - The Washington Times: World - December 17, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		LONDON — Saddam Hussein's former foreign minister and right-hand man, Tariq Aziz, has persuaded sympathizers in the Vatican to arrange free legal advice for his defense against war crimes.
		Aziz, a practicing Christian who acted as foreign spokesman for the Iraqi dictator, secured the services of Italian lawyers after contacting a group of Roman Catholic priests and bishops.
		The Vatican, which declined to comment on the matter, encourages priests to carry out unofficial initiatives as a way of tackling sensitive diplomatic issues.
	www.washtimes.com /world/20041216-095424-3177r.htm (413 words)

	AM Archive - Beijing's relations with the Vatican soured
		But this ordination does not have the Vatican's approval, and authorities in Rome say that Beijing's decision to go ahead with the event is not only contrary to church law, it has stalled a delicate process of diplomatic rapprochement aimed at ending half a century of division.
		The Vatican has no diplomatic relations with the officially atheist communists; instead it relies on neighbouring Taiwan to host its regional nunciature where papal envoys reside.
		And in recent months there have been diplomatic manoeuvrings designed to normalise relations between Beijing and Rome, even to the extent that the Vatican was willing to consider relocating from T'aipei so as to appease the Chinese government.
	www.abc.net.au /am/stories/s77363.htm (551 words)

	CHINA CALLS ON VATICAN TO BREAK WITH TAIWAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		China has called on the Vatican to break with Taiwan and recognize China if relations with Beijing are to improve.
		A spokeswoman for the Chinese foreign ministry said while Beijing wants to improves ties with the Vatican, it must follow a number of principles.
		Last month, Beijing consecrated a new bishop in the eastern city of Hangzhou, bringing to seven the number of bishops appointed this year in defiance of the Vatican.
	www.cathnews.com /news/007/35.html (146 words)

	Print article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		VATICAN CITY, JULY 30, 2004 (Zenit.org).- The Holy See and Hong Kong authorities are studying the possibility of organizing an exhibition of the Vatican Museums' works of art in that city in 2006.
		According to Eglises d'Asie, an agency of the Paris Foreign Missions, Father Lawrence Lee Len, chancellor of the Diocese of Hong Kong, said he will be happy to mediate between Beijing and Rome so that the initiative can take place.
		According to Anthony Lam Sui-ki, of the Holy Spirit Center of Studies of the Hong Kong Diocese, although the initiative reflects the Holy See's desire to improve relations with Beijing, it is still not possible to think of a normalization of diplomatic relations.
	www.catholic.net /global_catholic_news/print.phtml?news_id=57623 (257 words)

	Joan Knows! - Updates from the Vatican Information Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This week, Joan has to divide her program into two sections due to the split-focus of the Vatican agenda at the moment.
		Pope Benedict's book, ‘The Revolution of God' is now available in Italian after its launch at the Vatican Press Office this week.
		Archbishop Lajolo and the Czech Foreign Minister talked of ways of improving relations between the Vatican and the Czech Republic.
	www.vaticanradio.org /inglese/105/en_joan.html (216 words)

	Vatican City - Unipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Vatican City Top 10 Bestselling Search: Vatican City
		The Incredible Book of Vatican Facts and Papal Curiosities: A Treasury of Trivia
		City of Secrets : The Truth Behind the Murders at the Vatican
	www.unipedia.info /Vatican_City.html (2375 words)

	GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Europe - Holy See (Vatican City) - Foreign Relations
		- Relations with U.S. Facts at a Glance
		Portions of this site are based on public domain works from the U.S. Dept. of State and the CIA World Fact Book
		For comments and feedback, write to us at info@GeographyIQ.com.
	www.geographyiq.com /countries/vt/Holy_See_Vatican_City_relations_summary.htm (234 words)

	Chadwick (1986) Britain and the Vatican during the Second World War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chadwick (1986) Britain and the Vatican during the Second World War
		Britain and the Vatican during the Second World War
		Catholic Church; Foreign relations; Great Britain; Vatican City; History; World War, 1939-1945; Diplomatic history
	www.getcited.org /pub/102529881 (42 words)

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