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	Forensic genetics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Forensic genetics refers to the application of genetic science to legal matters.
		The role of genetics in forensic science is mainly based on the analysis of DNA in criminal investigations to positively identify the perpetrator (and sometimes the victim) of a crime.
		DNA fingerprinting is the primary tool used in forensic genetics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Forensic_genetics (99 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Forensic science is the application of scientific methods and processes to matters that involve crime or the public.
		A forensic scientist is a scientist who usually works in a laboratory setting analyzing particular types of evidence, writing reports and testifying in court as an expert witness.
		A forensic pathologist is a medical doctor whose job is to determine the cause and/or manner of death in cases of suspicious death.
	www.forensic.msu.edu /frequentlyaskedquestions.htm (1385 words)

	Jobs & Careers: Special supplement of The Tribune, Chandigarh, India. Feature page
		Forensic genetics have opened up new vistas for human geneticists, who by molecular genotyping, can provide valuable insights into genetic individualisation of criminals, thus helping in solving crime.
		The knowledge of genetic predisposition to a particular disease is important for individuals who are at a higher risk for such diseases so that they can develop a healthier lifestyle and have a proper pre-symptomatic management of the condition.
		Hence, it is also planned to preview genetic damage in various cases of neoplasia, occupational exposure and in commonly occurring genetic disorders using the current molecular cytogenetic methods.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2005/20050629/jobs/main1.htm (969 words)

	FORSight: The Forensic Abstracts Journal
		In this population genetic study, allele frequencies and haplotypes were determined for the Y chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) loci DYS19, DYS385I, DYS385II, DYS388, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393 in a sample comprising 582 Chinese from Taiwan.
		In this population genetic study, allele frequencies were determined for the CD4, TPOX, and CSF1PO loci in an Italian sample of approximately 2000 individuals as part of a collaborative exercise involving 19 laboratories.
		In forensic toxicology, the interpretation of the final result of a quantitative analysis is characterised by a significant level of uncertainty due to the unique object of study having a high degree of biological variability.
	www.forensic.gov.uk /forensic/products/forsight/example/index.htm (14386 words)

	Progress in Forensic Genetics 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Genetic structure of the contemporary Cuban population for nine STR loci (R. Lleonart et al.).
		Genetic analysis of the short tandem repeat loci D1S1656, D12S391, D18S535 and D22S683 in the Croatian population (Z. Grubic, K. Stingl, A. Kastelan).
		Genetic analysis of 18 STR loci on the X chromosome in a Japanese population (H. Matsushita et al.).
	www.harcourt-international.com /catalogue/title.cfm?ISBN=0444507175 (3821 words)

	Progress in Forensic Genetics 10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Genetic study on 10 STR loci in the Romanian population (L.E. Barbarii et al.).
		Evaluation of the forensic usefulness of the separate analysis of DYS385a and DYS385b in an Austrian population sample (H. Niederstätter et al.).
		Forensic DNA analysis of a foetal histological section and chromosome sample from chorionic villi (CV) in Down syndrome (H. Pamjav et al.).
	www.harcourt-international.com /catalogue/title.cfm?ISBN=0444515054 (3455 words)

	Can DNA Demand a Verdict? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Forensic investigators take many precautions to prevent mistakes, but human error can never be reduced to zero.
		The NRC recommends that forensic DNA analysis be conducted by an unbiased outside laboratory that maintains a high level of quality control and a low error rate.
		Forensic DNA Articles, from the Denver, Colorado District Attorney's Office.
	gslc.genetics.utah.edu /features/forensics (842 words)

	WDFW Fact Sheet: Forensic testing capability: Modern law enforcement relies on genetic testing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Genetic testing is a primary forensic tool in law enforcement, including enforcement of fish and wildlife regulations.
		Federal funding for genetics activities has decreased substantially, at the same time that genetics has become more widely used in law enforcement and federal species protection listings and petitions for listings have led to a greater demand for genetic information.
		Without forensic genetic analysis, the Department's ability to investigate and prosecute violations of fish and wildlife laws and regulations will be compromised.
	www.wdfw.wa.gov /legislature/2000/forensic.htm (331 words)

	Special: DNA unraveled
		Genetic evidence is introduced in fewer than 1 percent of prosecutions, yet these cases involve the most heinous acts-usually murder or rape-and the tests often have a dramatic effect on verdicts.
		Forensics technicians typically analyze three to five of these sites, called polymorphic markers, yielding a probability that only one person in, say, 100,000 or 1,000,000 could have the same profile.
		It is not always clear that the advances to date in the new field of forensic genetics automatically advance the application of justice.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/21stC/issue-1.3/dna-forensic.html (1073 words)

	The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence
		This report describes both the science behind DNA profiling and the data on the frequency of profiles in human populations, and it recommends procedures for providing various statistics that may be useful in the courtroom.
		The procedures are based on population genetics and statistics, and they render the ceiling principle and the interim ceiling principle unnecessary.
		Whenever feasible, forensic samples should be divided into two or more parts at the earliest practicable stage and the unused parts retained to permit additional tests.
	www.nap.edu /readingroom/books/DNA (4158 words)

	Academic Staff - Department of Forensic & Investigative Science - UClan
		His background is in molecular genetics, with a PhD from the University of Leicester and a BSc from the University of Sussex.
		His research involves the application of molecular genetic techniques, such as DNA profiling, to forensic casework and anthropology, and to gene expression in post mortem tissues as a diagnostic tool.
		His main interest is in Forensic DNA analysis and as well as being a part-time demonstrator, the rest of the time is spent studying for a PhD looking into the use of DNA as a tool for inferring ethnicity.
	www.uclan.ac.uk /facs/science/forensic/staff/academics.htm (2791 words)

	WORLD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Speakers included leaders in the fields of forensic genetics, as well as cellular and molecular medicine.
		This five days program is unique because it marries the two distinct yet complementary fields of forensic genetics and molecular medicine.
		Croatia has four forensic laboratories, and the Croatian organizers of this year’s event hope it will further their goal to include DNA analysis in the Croatian judiciary system.
	www.croatiaemb.org /in%20the%20spotlight/Forensics.htm (346 words)

	Copyright © 1999 Young Forensic Scientists Forum / American Academy of Forensic Sciences
		The newly recognized Forensic Genetics Program is a specialized MS program that recently accepted it's 4th incoming class for Fall 2003.
		The lab is run by the same professors as those who teach in the Forensic Genetics program and includes top DNA experts who have not only pioneered some of the current forensic techniques used, but who are also involved in developing a missing persons DNA database.
		It is unlike any other forensic science program that I am aware of, in that it gives students the training needed in order to become DNA analysts.
	www.aafs.org /yfsf/newsletter/Sept2003/NorthTexas.html (581 words)

	Single nucleotide polymorphisms and forensic genetics, maybe not such a perfect combination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Forensic genetics is the branch of genetics that, through DNA analysis and comparison, deals with the resolution of legal problems such as paternity tests.
		In forensic genetics, DNA samples are analysed through the comparison of particular DNA sequences unique to each individual.
		Recently however, another type of genetic marker called SPNs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), which consists in DNA sequence variations that result from alterations in a single nucleotide in the genome sequence, has been considered to replace STRs in forensic investigations.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=5718 (497 words)

	Probable Race of a Stain Donor
		The object of the exercise in this paper is to guess the population of origin of a given genetic profile.
		If populations are isolated from one another for long enough, then through genetic drift and mutations they become statistically differentiated by their differing allelic frequencies.
		It will overlook any component of genetic drift that merely shuffles allelic preponderances within the same fixed bin, and is only sensitive to gross drift that manifests as changes in the total frequency of a bin.
	dna-view.com /race.htm (1492 words)

	Henry Lee to Join UConn Scientists in New Center on Forensic Uses of Genetics - December 11, 2000
		A group of UConn genetics scientists is teaming up with Henry Lee, the renowned forensic expert and chief emeritus of the state's crime lab, to explore ways of using humans' genetic makeup to help solve crimes.
		The center's goal will be to use forensic applications of genetics as a way to forge research projects among partners who traditionally have little to do with one another, says Philip Yeagle, professor and head of molecular and cell biology, who will serve as the center's director.
		A forensic application of mitochondrial DNA is the identification of human remains by comparing a missing person's profile to maternal lineage relatives.
	www.advance.uconn.edu /2000/001211/00121103.htm (941 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Science in Society: Forensic Science: DNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		DNA as a forensic instrument - Article discussing the potential and limitations of DNA, published in 1996 by Columbia University, NY.
		Forensic Mathematics - Page of links on maths behind DNA identification and population genetics.
		Genetics in the Courtroom - Articles written in 1997, facing genetics issues, from The Judges' Journal of the American Bar Association, Chicago, IL.
	www.dmoz.org /Science/Science_in_Society/Forensic_Science/DNA (748 words)

	The Observer \| Focus \| Meet the DNA genius who fears the dark side of his discovery
		Thanks to DNA fingerprinting, it is now possible to identify criminals from a few cells left at a crime scene; pinpoint errant fathers in paternity cases; settle disputed immigration cases; and show within hours that a bearded, dishevelled man found hiding in an Iraqi bunker is indeed Saddam Hussein.
		Once it was possible to lead a discreet, anonymous life, now our movements can be laid bare by forensic genetics: a power that has already affected millions of people, including criminals, suspects, policemen, immigrants, parents, offspring and lawyers.
		With genetic amplification it is now possible to create millionfold copies of gene fragments, so that a handful of cells, too small to be seen by the naked eye, can provide sufficient material to make a DNA fingerprint.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Observer/focus/story/0,6903,1278606,00.html (1478 words)

	Forensic genetics definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Forensic genetics: The branch of genetics that deals with the application of genetic knowledge to legal problems and legal proceedings.
		Forensic genetics is also a branch of forensic medicine which deals more broadly with the application of medical knowledge to legal matters.
		Long before the era of DNA fingerprinting, blood grouping, HLA typing and other tests of genetic markers in blood were done to try to determine who did it (and, more often, who did not do it).
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=14017 (289 words)

	Hampikian to return to CCSU for Forensic Science Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Forensic Science Day for high school students is coming back to the campus of Clayton College and State University.
		While serving on the faculty at Clayton State, one of Hampikian’s best-known programs was Forensic Science Day, wherein several hundred local high school students spent a day on the Clayton State campus, learning about some of the basics, and some of the exotica, of a field that regularly makes headlines through the nation.
		In addition to previously working on cases throughout Georgia as a court-certified expert in Human Genetics and DNA, he has also co-authored "Exit to Freedom" with Calvin Johnson, telling Johnson’s story as the first person freed by DNA evidence in Georgia.
	www.thecitizennews.com /main/archive-050413/in-12_hampikian.html (298 words)

	forensic genetics directory - PeopleArchive.org
		ABOUT THESE FOOTNOTES for forensic genetics - for over a year, we researched the best ways to present information on these content pages, attempting to strike a balance between publishing volumes of information while limiting the need to scroll down through lengthy lists of items..
		the method we've chosen, as is used on this forensic genetics topic area, is to present lists of links at the top of the page in handy "title only" form, while providing additional commentary for those who desire it, as footnotes.
		'''Forensic Genetics''' The role of genetics in forensic science is based greatly around the..
	www.peoplearchive.org /genetics/forensic-genetics.php (426 words)

	Home Page DNA Paternity Testing - Paternity Testing - Forensic DNA Testing Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Our DNA Lab provides expert assistance in Forensic DNA testing matters to private individuals involved in paternity issues, child custody, divorce, infidelity issues as well as to attorneys, lawyers and court officials.
		Our Forensic DNA Paternity Test Reports are admissible in a court of law.
		All consultations are held in the strictest of confidence with proper respect for the clients privacy.
	www.dnatestingusa.com (352 words)

	B. S. Weir
		Resampling methods in genetics and the effect of family structure in genetic data.
		Weir, B.S. Population genetics in the forensic DNA debate.
		Weir, B.S. Uses of DNA and genetic markers for forensics and population studies.
	statgen.ncsu.edu /bsw/bsw.html (2340 words)

	Seventeenth Congress of the International Society for Forensic Haemogenetics
		Benecke, M., Staak, M., and Schmitt, C. (1998) Forensic validation, German population data, and automated detection of alleles of the co-amplified STR loci D3S1358, VWA, and FGA.
		Ghio, F., Betti, F., and Piccinini, A. (1998) North Italian population genetic data for the Y STR systems DYS19, DYS390, DYS392 and their possible application to forensic routine casework.
		Miranda, C., Prata, M. J., and Amorim, A. (1998) Population genetics of the F13A1 STR polymorphism in North Portugal and S. Tome e Principe.
	www.cstl.nist.gov /biotech/strbase/ref_7isf.htm (3118 words)

	Category
		Forensic DNA Typing: Biology and Technology Behind STR Markers - Focuses on the biology and technology behind short tandem repeat (STR) markers and the most common forensic DNA analysis methods used today.
		Forensic Laboratory for DNA-research in Leiden (NL) - In 1994, the Leiden University was requested by the Ministry of Justice to set up an independent second opinion laboratory (or contra-expertise laboratory) for forensic DNA studies.
		Forensic Statistics - The Program in Statistical Genetics at North Carolina State University offers short courses and web courses in methods of statistics and population genetics for the forensic uses of DNA.
	forensic.to /links/pages/Forensic_Sciences/Field_of_expertise/DNA (2223 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 21, Ch. 286, General Principles Of Medical Genetics
		Newer molecular genetic techniques are very powerful in identifying a person's genetic makeup.
		Multiple genetic markers, each of which has a great deal of normal variability among persons, can be used to identify whether two persons are genetically related.
		With the polymerase chain reaction, the DNA of a single cell can be amplified, providing a sufficient quantity to determine the source of the DNA.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section21/chapter286/286i.htm (177 words)

	forensic genetics - forensic genetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		DNAPrint genomics, Inc. today announced that the Company's groundbreaking forensics technology for law enforcement was featured in an article about the growing use of DNA testing in crime investigations in yesterday's edition of USAToday newspaper.
		Science International Association for Identification (IAI) International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG) Association of Firearm and Toolmark examiners (AFTE) Association of Forensic DNA Analysts and...
		If you want to work in forensic DNA analysis, you must have coursework in molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry.
	aae-lucky-bargins.info /genetics/forensic-genetics.php (794 words)

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