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Topic: Forest Principles

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	Principles of Ecoforestry
		Principles are fundamental rules or laws, based on the characteristics of the forest systems, that we can use to create images or models to meet stated objectives, that is, the goals towards which our action is directed, e.g., a healthy forest or strong beautiful lumber.
		The principles of ecoforestry are based on a number of fundamental philosophical, historical, scientific, and cosmological principles that were first presented in other contexts by thinkers such as Whitehead and Einstein.
		The forest environment is generated by a patterning of the ecological ebb and flow of energy, substances, individuals and species across a suitable landscape.
	www.uidaho.edu /e-journal/ecoforestry/ije124pe.html (4196 words)

	Forest Principles -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Forest Principles -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		It is a non-legally binding document that makes several recommendations for (The science of planting and caring for forests and the management of growing timber) forestry.
		The full text of the Forest Principles can be found on the United Nations website at.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fo/forest_principles.htm (69 words)

	FOREST STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL, A.C.
		Forest management shall respect all applicable laws of the country in which they occur, and international treaties and agreements to which the country is a signatory, and comply with all FSC Principles and Criteria.
		Forest management shall conserve biological diversity and its associated values, water resources, soils, and unique and fragile ecosystems and landscapes, and, by so doing, maintain the ecological functions and the integrity of the forest.
		Natural Forest: Forest areas where many of the principal characteristics and key elements of native ecosystems such as complexity, structure and diversity are present, as defined by FSC approved national and regional standards of forest management.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/links/fscprinciples.html (4076 words)

	CRS Report: 95-960 - International Forestry Agreements: Current Status - NLE
		Critics of the principles note that they contain few calls for direct action that would halt deforestation, ensure that trade in forest products is based on environmentally sustainable practices, or commit to the adoption of a comprehensive world forest strategy.
		As forests were regarded as one of the major unresolved issues on the CSD agenda, this meeting held significant interest for nations and interests that sought actions to further international cooperation on forest issues.
		Principles and criteria have been agreed upon within the FSC for natural forest management; new principles and criteria were drafted for plantations in December 1994.
	www.ncseonline.org /NLE/CRSreports/Forests/for-11.cfm?&CFID=274473&CFTOKEN=51548402 (3373 words)

	NFN - Citizens' Call for Ecological Forest Restoration
		The Citizens' Call for Ecological Restoration: Forest Restoration Principles and Criteria were developed by a diverse group of forest activists and forest ecologists from around the U.S. with input from representatives of forest practitioners and community forest groups who participated in the Forest Activist Summit on Forest Restoration in Boulder Colorado, February 16-18, 2001.
		The Restoration Principles are also clear that economic incentives must be eliminated which are inconsistent with improving the ecological integrity of the landscape, or otherwise cause ecological damage.
		The Restoration Principles state that specific appropriations must commit consistent, adequate multi-year funding for all aspects of restoration and that the current commercial timber sale program is not appropriate for restoring forests.
	www.nativeforest.org /campaigns/public_lands/cc_5_30_02.htm (1266 words)

	CBD - Letterhead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Forests are among the most precious and beloved places on our continent, providing pure air, clean water, climate control and other ecosystem services that are vital to our quality of life and the survival of fish and wildlife.
		The Restoration Principles were developed by a diverse group of forest activists and ecologists, with input from forest practitioners and community forestry groups since 2001.
		During a period of significant change in forest policies at the federal, state and local level, the Forest Restoration Principles and Criteria establish a vision for restoring natural ecosystems and a sustainable human relationship with the land.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/press/restoration5-21-03.html (1496 words)

	[No title]
		In committing themselves to the prompt implementation of these principles, countries also decide to keep them under assessment for their adequacy with regard to further international cooperation on forest issues.
		Appropriate measures should be taken to protect forests against harmful effects of pollution, including air-borne pollution, fires, pests and diseases in order to maintain their full multiple value.
		Their contribution to the maintenance of ecological processes, to offsetting pressure on primary/old-growth forest and to providing regional employment and development with the adequate involvement of local inhabitants should be recognized and enhanced.
	fletcher.tufts.edu /multi/texts/FOREST.txt (1650 words)

	CRS Report: 92-764 - Deforestation: An Overview of Global Programs and Agreements - NLE
		Goals would be actions to remove the institutional constraints impeding the conservation and wise use of tropical forest resources by strengthening public forest administrations and related government agencies, to integrate forestry concerns into development planning, providing institutional support for private and local organizations developing professional, technical and vocational training, and to improve extension and research.
		Among the main criticisms of the plan is that it is too focused on the forest sector alone and that it places undue emphasis on financing classical forestry projects, such as logging, road-building, and the establishment of plantations, to develop commercial forestry and industrial forest-based enterprises.
		In particular, many countries have analyzed their forest resources in a more disciplined way than ever before and more donors are seeking ways to support countries' efforts to arrest deforestation and promote sustainable management of forest lands.
	www.ncseonline.org /NLE/CRSreports/Forests/for-4.cfm?&CFID=14391436&CFTOKEN=75634743 (5423 words)

	Law & Development: Environment and International Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Dubbed as the "first global consensus on forests", the instrument's long official title represents the difficulty of the parties reaching agreement on a subject that raises complex issues both to developed and developing countries.
		As stated in the preamble of the Forest Declaration, its "guiding objective [] is to contribute to the management, conservation and sustainable development of forests and to provide for their multiple and complementary functions and uses." The idea was to provide an overarching framework where the conservation and use of the forests could co-exist.
		In 1997, as part of the event to make Rio plus 5 (5 years after the Rio Conference), an Intergovernmental Forum on Forests (IFF) was formed by the UN Commission on Sustainable Development with the mandate to build consensus for new international mechanisms for the protection of forests, which might include a legally binding convention.
	www4.worldbank.org /legal/legen_int/legen_forest.html (462 words)

	Susan Bucknum, The U.S. Commitment To Agenda 21: Chapter 11 Combating Deforestation - The Ecosystem Management ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The principles are not legally binding, however, due to the dispute between developing and developed countries regarding the inclusion of an enforceable commitment to hold a future forest convention.
		forest policies dealt with managing to sustain the main resources of a forest, such as timber, grass, and minerals, rather than sustaining the multiple roles of a forest.
		MUSYA is significant because it established the principle of managing forests for multiple use and sustained yield, which is still one of the main principles presently followed by the Forest Service.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/delpf/articles/delpf8p305.htm (12874 words)

	The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Forestry - NGO
		The purpose of the Association of BC Professional Foresters is to uphold the public of BCs' interest in the practice of professional forestry by ensuring the competence, independence and integrity of its members, and ensuring that every person practicing professional forestry in BC is accountable to the association and the public.
		Forest Landowners of California [USA] is a group of non-industrial forest landowners dedicated to the education of our members and protection of their rights.
		The FAO Forest Harvesting Bulletin is produced twice annually for distribution to about 5 000 individuals, field projects, institutions, and organizations interested in environmentally sound forest harvesting and transport, especially in developing countries and in countries undergoing the transition to market economies.
	www.metla.fi /info/vlib/Forestry/Organization/ngo (6926 words)

	FSC \| What Is FSC? \| Policy & Standards
		These Principles and associated Criteria form the basis for all FSC forest management standards.
		This ensures that local indicators and verifiers are used to evaluate and certify forests.
		All FSC-certified forests must meet the requirements of the national or sub-national standard, or the locally-adapted generic standard.
	www.fsc.org /en/about/policy_standards/princ_criteria/2 (304 words)

	Subsidies Anonymous #4
		Several speakers, including state foresters from Oregon and Utah, pointed out that the states have a good record because their mandate is clear, whereas the Forest Service is subject to numerous, often conflicting, legal goals.
		Nelson's thesis is that the Forest Service and other public land agencies were originally based on the idea of "scientific management"--that is, that scientifically trained foresters or other managers would know the best way to manage the land and would always make the right decisions.
		For example, he recently suggested that Congress divide the national forests into lands whose values are primarily commodities, lands whose values are primarily of state and local concern, and lands whose values are truly national in scope.
	www.ti.org /SA04.html (3720 words)

	A/CONF.151/26 (Vol. III) Forest Principles
		(b) Forest resources and forest lands should be sustainably managed to meet the social, economic, ecological, cultural and spiritual needs of present and future generations.
		These needs are for forest products and services, such as wood and wood products, water, food, fodder, medicine, fuel, shelter, employment, recreation, habitats for wildlife, landscape diversity, carbon sinks and reservoirs, and for other forest products.
		(a) Trade in forest products should be based on non-discriminatory and multilaterally agreed rules and procedures consistent with international trade law and practices.
	www.un.org /documents/ga/conf151/aconf15126-3annex3.htm (1697 words)

	IISDnet Principles for SD
		Principles and objectives for interjurisdictional co-operation for the protection of the environment
		Principles for environmental restoration and sustainable development of the Haudenosaunee in North America
		Criteria and principles for the use of voluntary or non-regulatory initiatives to achieve environmental policy objectives
	www.iisd.org /sd/principle.asp (1055 words)

	Dalhousie University - SRES > Student Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Studies and published/presented papers (over 200) in the following areas: forest ecology; environmental assessment; natural resources decision-making; land-use and forest planning; wildlife habitat supply analysis; biodiversity assessment modeling, forest management and policy; forest decline and air pollution; climate change and forests; conflict resolution and public participation; forest sustainability, criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management.
		Duinker, P.N. Criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management in Canada: progress and problems in integrating science and politics at the local level.
		Chapter 4 in "Regenerating the Canadian Forest: Principles and Practice for Ontario" (R.G. Wagner and S.J. Colombo, editors), pp.
	sres.management.dal.ca /people/faculty/duinker.htm (659 words)

	EcoIQ Store: Green Design & Building Books
		Cordwood building is an ancient technique where walls are constructed from "log ends." It is easy, economical, esthetically striking, energy-efficient, and environmentally sound.
		This volume traces the history of certification, the development of an agreed upon set of forest management principles, and the various certification programs currently underway.
		Adaptive reuse is one of the strongest trends in architecture.
	www.ecoiq.com /store/greendesign/books.html (325 words)

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