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Topic: Forest elephant

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	The Elephant Listening Project
		A forest elephant in the Central African rainforest.
		Forest elephants in Asia and Africa are increasingly endangered by poaching for ivory and bushmeat, habitat loss, and the constraints of current methods used to monitor forest elephant populations (
		Sinking the flagship: the case of forest elephants in Asia and Africa.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /brp/elephant (871 words)

	Elephant - MSN Encarta
		According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha chose the form of a white elephant as one of his many earthly incarnations, and the rare appearance of a white elephant is still heralded as a manifestation of the gods.
		Elephants occupy an array of environments in Africa and Southeast Asia—grasslands, marshes, forests, deserts, and mountains.
		Forest elephants also have large ears, but they are completely rounded in a fan shape.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575386/elephant.html (1135 words)

	Indian Elephant
		Elephants in general are the largest existing land mammals and they have the biggest brains in the animal kingdom (weighing 5 kg or 11 lbs).
		Elephants are herbivores and will spend up to 20 hours a day eating anywhere from 150 to 300kg of jungle fodder or 6 to 8% of their body weight in food each day.
		Elephant possession and use as a royal mount was firmly established and along with this they became an asset of war.
	www.honoluluzoo.org /indian_elephant.htm (4327 words)

	the Living Africa: wildlife - other herbivores - elephant
		Elephants could be found in almost any region south of the Sahara as long as the land had plenty of water and trees.
		Elephants are unique because they must eat around 330 lb of food each day (150 kg/day) to compensate for the fact that they have a very small amount of storage space for nutrients.
		Elephant society is made up of matriarchal clans which consist of a mother and her offspring, and daughters with her offspring.
	library.thinkquest.org /16645/wildlife/elephant.shtml (536 words)

	African Forest Elephant - Loxodonta cyclotis
		The new species, the forest elephant, was considered to be a subspecies of the African elephant, and was known as Loxodonta africana cyclotis.
		The hard and pink ivory of the forest elephant is highly prized by poachers who are difficult to catch in the cover of the rainforest.
		Conservationists are afraid that declaring the forest elephant as a separate species could open a loophole under the current treaty and open up hunting of forest elephants for their ivory.
	www.blueplanetbiomes.org /african_forest_elephant.htm (615 words)

	Pygmy Elephant Stamps
		The less familiar African forest elephant Loxodonta africana cyclotis is smaller and darker in color, averaging two and two thirds meters at the shoulder in height.
		The tusks of forest elephants are longer and straighter than those of their bush cousins.
		Cryptozoologists suggest the pygmy elephant is the type referred to as the "red" elephant by natives, while the acknowledged forest elephant is referred to as the "blue" elephant by natives.
	www.pibburns.com /cryptost/pygmyele.htm (647 words)

	African Elephants
		Elephants are a major attraction for tourists throughout Africa, especially in the open landscapes of eastern and southern Africa.
		Elephants can destroy a farmer’s livelihood in a single night of foraging, which creates a major conflict with the local people who tend to see few benefits from elephants.
		Results from WCS elephant research will be used to reduce illegal killing, conserve critical populations and construct and manage corridors of protected habitat that will allow for the long-range movements of elephants in Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Central Africa.
	www.wcs.org /international/Africa/africanelephants (838 words)

	The Elephant Sanctuary, Hohenwald, Tennessee
		Researchers analyzing genes of African elephants found that the forest and grassland groups are different enough to be considered separate species, which means that three distinct species of elephants exist in the world.
		She said the two African elephant species are closely enough related that they could mate productively, and the study suggested there were hybrids of the two species in the distant past.
		The forest elephant is entering a new phase of poaching danger, Wasser said, because logging and road building have penetrated its dense jungle home and allow poachers easier access.
	www.elephants.com /species.htm (1181 words)

	Elephant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The smallest of all the elephants is the Sumatran Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus).
		Elephants are also commonly exhibited in zoos and wild animal parks, the former of which has caused controversy.
		Elephants are used in festivals in Sri Lanka, such as the Esala Perahera.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elephant (8642 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Forest elephant
		The pygmy elephant (L.c.pumilio) is a subspecies of the forest elephant found from Sierra Leone to DRC.
		Forest elephants live in much smaller groups than the large herds of Savannah Elephants.
		Forest elephants come together in large numbers in clearings in the forest known as "bais".
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/3020.shtml (482 words)

	Ecology at Tembe Elephant National Park - article by Wayne Matthews
		This abruptness of forest boundaries is chiefly due to fire, an important determinant of forest boundaries and composition.
		As a result of the elephant now been contained (since 1989 - period of only 9 yrs), they are now concentrating on the more permanent water areas in the reserve as well as impacting on areas that in the past they would have seldom frequented nl sand forest.
		Although these elephant prefer plant species from the woodland habitats, they are increasingly impacting on sand forest species, due to the old movements patterns been fenced off and them now confined to the relative small size of this reserve.
	www.africaelephants.com /ecology.htm (2076 words)

	NATURE: The Elephants of Africa - Life of an Elephant
		THE ELEPHANTS OF AFRICA reveals some lesser-known, yet equally important populations that inhabit diverse environments of the continent, from the thick rain forests of the Congo Basin to the parched deserts of Namibia.
		Researchers have determined that the smaller forest elephants, Loxodonta africana cyclotis, are a distinct subspecies from their savannah cousins of East Africa, Loxodonta africana africana.
		However, the data suggest that desert elephants are actually savannah elephants who have adapted to the rugged lifestyle of the barren desert.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/nature/elephants/life.html (674 words)

	African Elephants - National Zoo\| FONZ
		Small numbers of forest elephants live in dense equatorial forests of Central Africa from Zaire west to Mauritania, while savanna elephants are far more widespread in drier woodlands and savannas.
		The forest elephant, always far less common than the savanna subspecies, is under threat from logging and market hunting for its meat.
		Elephants' closest known relatives are dugongs and manatees, hyraxes, and aardvarks.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /Animals/AfricanSavanna/fact-afelephant.cfm (910 words)

	DNA Tests Show African Elephants Are Two Species (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Forest elephants comprise around one-third of that number, living in the equatorial forests of central and western Africa.
		Forest elephants are smaller and have straighter and thinner tusks, rounded ears, and a distinct skull shape.
		Raphael Ben-Shahar, an elephant expert at Oxford University, says, "Up until DNA fingerprinting tests, species were defined on the basis of morphological and anatomical differences." Using the old classification yardsticks, the forest elephant was merely a subspecies of the savanna elephant.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2001/08/0824_twoelephants.html (912 words)

	African Elephant
		A bull (male) of a Forest Elephant has a shoulder height of 160 to 286cm in males, while the females are slightly smaller witha height of 160 to 240cm.
		The size of a Savannah Elephant is a little bigger and males have a shoulder height of 300 to 400cm while females are roughly 240 to 340cm.
		But as elephants have an inefficient digestive system, they digest only about 40 per cent of what they eat.Their trunk is employed to pull branches off trees, uproot grass, pluck fruit, and to place food in their mouths.
	library.thinkquest.org /27257/africanelephant.html (705 words)

	Tracking an Elephantine Mystery - National Zoo\| FONZ
		Forest elephants are smaller than savanna elephants, they have straight, downward-pointing tusks, and their back is higher than their head, all of which are adaptations to life in dense forest.
		By adding more collared elephants to the study—elephants living in different habitats and under different land-use conditions both in and out of national parks—we will be able to see how roads, logging, hunting, and other human activities affect the movement of forest elephants and their ability to cope in a changing world.
		Unlike similar work on savanna elephants, in which the field team often drives to the elephants in air-conditioned Land Cruisers or flies in by helicopter, work in the forest is all on foot and a completely different undertaking.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /Publications/ZooGoer/2004/1/Forest_Elephants.cfm (3371 words)

	NATURE. Deep Jungle: New Frontiers. Tracking Forest Elephants \| PBS
		The jungles of central Africa are home to the forest elephant.
		Unlike their better-known cousins, the African elephants of the open savannahs, forest elephants are adapted to living in dense woodlands.
		Forest elephants are also less understood by scientists.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/nature/deepjungle/episode1_blake.html (573 words)

	- Elephant News
		Riding an elephant to the top of the amber fort in Indias desert state city Jaipur is a must-do tourist attraction, but city living is not ideal for the animals.
		Forest officials in Tripura are concerned over the increase in elephant poaching cases.
		Chester Zoo Elephant calf to be named on live TV Pachyderm is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published biannually by the AfESG in conjunction with the African Rhino and Asian Rhino specialist groups.
	www.elephant-news.com (753 words)

	Khao Sok Overnight Safaris Tours - Elephant Hills & Earth Lodge
		From the scenic canoe trip on the Sok River, to a ride on an elephant through the forest, to various trekking routes that can match all skill levels - the camp is the perfect base to meet the unique and natural treasure.
		Guests can also learn about this tropical environment and its inhabitants, elephants and their conservation and some of the secrets of Thai cooking are also lifted here.
		Wild elephant, a small number of tiger, bear, monkeys, gibbon, porcupine, pangolin, deer and the rare mountain serow live in the park.
	www.phuket-travel.com /eco_tour/elephanthills.htm (733 words)

	Opinion: How Do You Miss a Whole Elephant Species? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Other zoologists noticed more definitive characteristics, such as the shape of the mandible, which is short and wide in the savanna elephant while being long and narrow in the forest elephant, and the shape of the ears, which are rounded in the forest elephant and pointed in the savanna elephant.
		In the forest elephant, the ivory is long, skinny, and straight, with a pinkish tinge, and is highly valued for its hardness.
		To place this in perspective, the African forest elephant and African savanna elephant are more distant from each other genetically than a tiger is from a lion or a horse is from a zebra.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2001/12/1217_leeelephant.html (842 words)

	Elephant Ear
		The survival of Africa's forest elephants is increasingly threatened by pressure from illegal poaches, farmers and an effort to revive the international ivory trade.
		Scientists fear Africa's forest elephants are in trouble but don't have a clear sense of the extent of the problem.
		The North Carolina Zoological Park sponsors the Elephants of Cameroon project, which uses satellite and radio transmitter technology to study the land use patterns of Cameroon's elephant populations in order to facilitate coexistence with human populations in the area.
	www.acfnewsource.org /environment/elephant_ear.html (690 words)

	CARPE Mapper: Elephant Telemetry
		Although much of the forest in the Congo Basin remains relatively intact‚ unsustainable timber exploitation‚ shifting cultivation‚ urban expansion‚ and other human drivers are posing increasing threats to this globally-significant tropical forest resource.
		WCS are working with collaborators to deploy a total of 36 GPS collars across elephant conservation areas in central African forests.
		elephants and gorillas in forest wilderness) or because they represent important and distinctive habitats and communities of species.
	maps.geog.umd.edu /carpemapper/forestelephants.asp (298 words)

	african elephant t-shirt and apparel from Zazzle.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		At birth it is common for an elephant calf to weigh 120 kg (265 lb).
		African elephants tend to be larger than the Asian species (up to 4 m high and 7500 kg) and have bigger ears.
		There is also a potential danger in that if the forest elephant is not explicitly listed as an endangered species, poachers and smugglers might thus be able to evade the law forbidding trade in endangered animals and their body parts.
	www.zazzle.com /product/235529243649904648 (494 words)

	He's No Dumbo - Copyright WSJ 2002
		The forest elephants of West Africa are the most endangered -- and least studied -- of Africa's giants.
		Sure, the forest elephant is a bit smaller than its savanna cousin, maybe two-thirds the size.
		Their tools of tracking invisible elephants are always at the ready: a compass to keep trackers hewing to a straight line, a rolling measuring wheel to record the dung details, some machetes to hack back low-hanging branches and a global positioning box taped to a long stick to pinpoint the location.
	rainforests.mongabay.com /elephant_tracking_thurow.htm (1150 words)

	The Elephant Listening Project
		The forests in west and central Africa are thought to contain as many as 300,000 elephants—half of all African elephants.
		These elephants are at risk due to many pressures including poaching, forest fragmentation, fragile park management, and ongoing illegal trade in ivory.
		She subsequently carried out studies on infrasound use by African savanna elephants, and determined that low-frequency calls are able to travel long distances, enabling separated group members to coordinate their movements in the same direction, and elephants in reproductive condition to locate one another from afar.
	www.awionline.org /pubs/Quarterly/winter2001/elephantlistening.htm (482 words)

	Forest Elephant demographics (Loxodonta cyclotis)
		The IUCN/SSC African Elephant Specialist Group (AfESG) is responsible for maintaining a database of information on the African elephant, including the difficult task of estimating populations.
		The AfESG's 1998 population estimates for the whole continent were "definitely" 301,773 African elephants, with a "speculative" total of 487,345.
		There are unknown numbers of elephants in dense forests and many areas have not been surveyed and prospective populations for those areas are not included in the speculative totals above.
	www.elephantcare.org /forest.htm (146 words)

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