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Topic: Forest gardening

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	Gardening: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Gardening is done on a smaller scale, primarily for pleasure and to produce goods for the gardener's own family or community.
		Wild gardens are by definition examples of water-wise gardening, as the natural species of any ecoregion or micro-climate[?] are those optimal for local water supplies.
		The key distinction between fruit and vegetable gardening and farming is essentially one of scale: gardening can be a hobby or an income supplement, but farming is generally understood as a full-time or commercial activity, usually involving more land and quite different practices.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ga/Gardening.html (1235 words)

	Forest gardening - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Forest gardening (also known as 3-Dimensional Gardening) is a food production and land management system based on replicating woodland ecosystems, substituting trees (such as fruit or nut trees), bushes, shrubs, herbs and vegetables which have yields directly useful to humankind.
		In part based on the model of the Keralan home gardens, temperate-climate forest gardening was pioneered by the late Robert Hart on his one eighth of an acre (500 m²) plot at Wenlock Edge in Shropshire.
		This led him to evolve the concept of the "Forest Garden": Based on the observation that the natural forest can be divided into distinct layers or "storeys", he used inter-cropping to develop an existing small orchard of apples and pears into an edible polyculture landscape consisting of seven levels.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Forest_gardening (410 words)

	A Voluntary Organisation Promoting Forest Gardening, Welcome to the Bangor Forest Garden Project
		A forest garden is a multi storey garden arranged in 7 layers: the tall canopy trees, smaller trees, shrubs, herbs, ground cover, the root zone and the vertical component, the climbers.
		Forest Gardening was pioneered in Britain by Robert Hart at his home in Shropshire, he was a great inspiration to many.
		Forest gardening changes one’s perspective on what constitutes a weed (many 'weeds' are useful), but aggressive or invasive plants can be controlled with various mulches, negating the need for herbicides.
	www.thebfg.org.uk /home.htm (662 words)

	About Forest Gardens
		Edible forest gardening is the art and science of putting plants together in woodlandlike patterns that forge mutually beneficial relationships, creating a garden ecosystem that is more than the sum of its parts.
		Forest gardeners are doing their thing at 7,000 feet (2,100 m) of elevation in the Rocky Mountains, on the coastal plain of the mid-Atlantic, and in chilly New Hampshire and Vermont.
		Forest gardeners use the forest as a design metaphor, a model of structure and function, while adapting the design to focus on meeting human needs in a small space.
	www.edibleforestgardens.com /about_gardening.html (2827 words)

	Forest Gardening in Ohio, HYG-1256-02 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Forest gardens are especially appropriate for Ohio as up to 95% of the state was forested before its settlement, and because there are many native plant species that can be used successfully.
		Forest composition is different at the edge of a clearing from the center of a large wooded patch.
		Forest gardens can perform structural functions, such as screening an unpleasant view or cold wind, or, if mostly deciduous, can shade a house in the summer and let the sun in to warm it in the winter.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/1000/1256.html (2805 words)

	Forest Gardening agroforestry
		Forest gardens (often called home gardens) have been used for millennia in tropical regions, where they still often form a major part of the food producing systems which people rely on, even if they work elsewhere for much of the time.
		A major limiting factor for temperate forest gardens in the amount of sunlight available to the lower layers of the garden: in tropical regions, the strong light conditions allow even understorey layers to receive substantial light, whereas in temperate regions this is not usually the case.
		Temperate forest gardens are also usually small in area, from tiny back garden areas up to a hectare (2.5 acres) in size.
	www.agroforestry.co.uk /forgndg.html (863 words)

	The official website of Edible Forest Gardens by Dave Jacke with Eric Toensmeier -- forest gardens, permaculture, ...
		Edible forest gardening is one of these solutions, and we now have the resources at hand to transform our own yards and gardens into productive paradises.
		This website and the book Edible Forest Gardens that you can buy here are intended to put in your hands the most sophisticated and down-to-earth information available to maximize your success as a forest gardener.
		Forest gardens have much to offer on a practical level, and they have much to teach us about how to live in community as free and interdependent beings in a functional way.
	www.edibleforestgardens.com (428 words)

	Forest Gardening \| by Primal Seeds
		Forest gardens are based on the model of natural woodland, with edible and other useful plant species used for all the layers of vegetation from the tree canopy to the woodland floor.
		Forest gardening is working with nature, the antithesis of annual monocultures a method of farming that expends energy fighting against nature.
		Forest gardens will never supply all our carbohydrate and protein needs, even if we were to radically change our diet, but they do have a major part to play in any future ecologically sound agriculture.
	www.primalseeds.org /OTHERSTUFF/new/forestgardening.htm (1523 words)

	The Natural Farmer: Spring 2002: Edible Forest Gardens - an Invitation to Adventure
		Edible forest gardening is not necessarily gardening IN the forest.
		Forest gardeners have planted in the maritime climate of coastal Washington state, at 7,000 feet in the cold, dry Colorado Rockies, in the hot, humid city of Greensboro, North Carolina, and in chilly southern New Hampshire, all with at least some success.
		Forest gardens are viable in small urban yards and large parks, on suburban lots, or in a corner of a rural farm.
	www.nofa.org /tnf/sp02/supplement/edible.php (4544 words)

	Forest Gardening by Robert Hart
		As an example of the extraordinary intensivity of cultivation of some forest gardens, one plot of only 0.12 hectare (0.3 acre) was found by a study group to have twenty- three young coconut palms, twelve cloves, fifty-six bananas, and forty-nine pineapples, with thirty pepper vines trained up its trees.
		Areas such as the rain forests, with their vast diversity of plants whose uses are known or remain to be explored, are ruthlessly destroyed, to be replaced by pastures designed to provide a single food product--beef--in infinitesimal quantities compared to the productivity of the natural forest.
		My forest garden was planted in a twenty-five-year-old small orchard of apples and pears, some of which were in a pretty poor condition.
	www.ecobooks.com /books/forgard.htm (1725 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Forest Gardening: Books: Robert Hart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In 'Forest Farming' we are told that civilized man has marched across the face of the earth and left a desert in his footprints primarily because he has ploughed the hills with the loss of top soil.
		Java has the greatest concentration of forest gardens yet is one of the most densely populated rural areas of the world.
		Forest gardening is more than a system for supplying mankind's material needs; it is a way of life which addresses man's spiritual needs by its beauty and the wealth of wildlife it attracts.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Forest-Gardening-Robert-J-Hart/dp/1900322021 (1554 words)

	Robert Hart and Forest Gardening
		Robert Hart's dedication to the forest garden inspired many of the new generation of environmental landscape designers in the west, although many of the ideas originated in Southern Africa and Southern India.
		It is a miniature reproduction of the self-maintaining eco-system of the natural forest, consisting entirely of fruit and nut trees and bushes, perennial and self-seeding vegetables and culinary and medicinal herbs.
		The Forest Garden's produce is health-promoting: just as in the 16th and 17th centuries, when England produced an amazing number of men (--and women!) of exceptional hardihood and genius, a standard article of diet was a salad, called 'sallet' or 'salgamundy', comprising a wide variety of cultivated and wild vegetables, fruits and herbs.
	www.risc.org.uk /garden/roberthart.html (1015 words)

	Forest Gardens
		Forest gardens are not necessary gardens in forests—one can be established in a small backyard—but the model is the same.
		Canopy: Trees and shrubs are the backbone of the forest garden.
		Edible Landscaping and Gardening - This database lists every perennial plant that is worth growing for the sake of its produce, and that is hardy in at least 3 USDA hardiness zones; it also contains a selection of the most popular perennial herbs.
	www.care2.com /channels/solutions/outdoors/46 (525 words)

	Forest Gardening
		Forest gardens are sustainable edible landscapes designed to mirror the natural structure of forests with their tree, shrub and herb associations.
		Forest gardens are very special, healing places for people.
		This forest garden is a unique resource, worth preserving, an example of how to create an edible, healing landscape in the city.
	www.naturewise.org.uk /page.cfm?pageid=nw-forest (590 words)

	Lydford Forest Garden
		Lydford Forest Garden is situated in the village of West Lydford in Somerset.
		The garden is based on forest gardening principles in which several layers of trees and plants are grown in an interactive and mutually beneficial way.
		When the garden becomes established, it will have long-term benefits for schoolchildren, users of the footpaths and local interest groups, in addition to the benefits for birds, animals and the environment generally.
	www.lydford-forest-gardens.com (190 words)

	Douglas County Master Gardeners Newsletter Forest Gardens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Forest gardens are based on the observation that natural forests rarely contain just a single layer of plants.
		Forest gardens stack vegetation in as many as seven tiers, depending on how intensively the gardener wants to cram things in.
		The forest gardens I saw in Colorado, New Mexico, and the San Juan Islands were a little difficult to find my way around in at first.
	extension.oregonstate.edu /douglas/mg/foregard.html (463 words)

	Central Rocky Mountain Permaculture Institute, design, consult, teach
		Forest gardens are densely stacked polycultures of edible and useful species.
		In recognition of the productivity and stability of natural systems, forest gardeners attempt to re-create their structure and interactions while using functional species that help to serve both our needs and those of the system.
		Our forest gardens here at CRMPI are some of the most mature in North America.
	www.crmpi.org /learn.htm (363 words)

	Forest Lake Floral - Gardening Solutions: Woodland Gardening with Shrubs Native to Minnesota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		One way to create an edge of woodland garden is to select a native woodland plant community "theme".
		Another method of creating edge of woodland gardens with native shrubs is done using formal arrangements of plants in the English Picturesque Style.
		One of the most popular types of gardening at the edge of woodlands is for attracting songbirds.
	www.forestlakefloral.com /gardening/edgeWoodland.html (533 words)

	Steward Community Woodland - About forest gardening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The layers of the garden are: the canopy, smaller trees (often shade tolerant), climbers, shrubs, herbaceous, ground cover, roots.
		Diversity is the keynote of the forest garden concept, but it must be an ordered diversity, governed by the principles and laws of plant symbiosis; all plants must be compatible with each other.
		Most froest gardens are designed primarily to meet the needs of the cultivators and their families for food, fuel, timber and other necessities, but some can also include a,cash component.
	www.stewardwood.org /resources/forest.htm (272 words)

	Forest Lake Floral - Gardening Solutions: Bulbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A bulb is technically a particular type of overwintering storage organ of a plant, but the word "bulb" is often used as a general term to include bulbs, corms, tubers and roots of plants.
		As a rule most spring bulbs can be planted as soon as the ground can be worked in the spring but it is generally best to wait until the ground has warmed up.
		Dahlias, cannas and tuberous begonias should be allowed to dry for a short time before being packed in dry peat, sand or vermiculite and stored moderately cool for the winter.
	www.forestlakefloral.com /gardening/bulbs.html (849 words)

	Tribal Trust Foundation, Inc.
		In fact, more that 350 species of plant, most native to the region, are nurtured by the forest gardeners who maintain every type of plant to resolve the all home needs: medicine, food, spices, poisons, construction, ornaments, tools, utensils, shade, and more.
		Yet, the knowledge of the forest as a garden is vanishing as technology and capital are transforming the region.
		Yet these traditional farmers of the forest gardens are the real heroes and their conservation of the living art of the Maya forest is an essential part of its future.
	www.tribaltrustfoundation.org /maya.htm (338 words)

	Amazon.com: Forest Gardening: Books: Robert A. De J Hart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		British author and gardener Hart describes it as a miniature imitation of a natural forest, complete with a fruit and nut tree "canopy" and lower tiers of climbers, bushes, creepers, and assorted perennial vegetables and herbs.
		Such a garden may occupy half an acre or less and like the natural forest is largely self-regulating once established.
		The practice of "forest gardening", is an absolute must for anyone interested in sustainable agriculture and/or gardening.
	www.amazon.com /Forest-Gardening-Robert-Hart/dp/1870098447 (2126 words)

	Forest Gardening :: Chelsea Green Publishing
		Forest Gardening is a way of working alongside nature—an approach that results in great productivity with minimal maintenance, and a method for transforming even a small cottage garden into a diverse and inviting habitat for songbirds, butterflies, and other wildlife.
		Based on the model of a natural woodland, a forest garden incorporates a wide variety of useful plants, including fruit and nut trees, perennial herbs, and vegetables.
		Forest Gardening is truly a book for our times, offering a fresh sensibility that will encourage and inspire ecological gardeners throughout the world.
	www.chelseagreen.com /2004/items/408 (289 words)

	Permacultureâ”Mulch Gardening
		A holistic approach encompassing health issues, spirituality, and environmental concerns governs "forest gardening", a union of modern technological methods and machines with ecologically sound practices.
		Forest Gardening is a sacred view of man's connectedness to nature: tightly linked low-maintenance symbiotic plantings which provide aesthetic, nutritional, monetary and spiritual/mental support to create human surroundings that hints at the proverbial Garden of Eden.
		Designed to achieve the utmost economy of space and labour, a forest garden is a tiny imitation of a natural forest.
	members.aol.com /earthvoic1/page12.html (293 words)

	The Enchanted Forest
		The Enchanted Forest is a garden center surrounded by display gardens designed for your enjoyment.
		As you stroll through the forest, you will be delighted by the large selection of native and exotic specimens, shrubs and trees chosen for our Gulf Coast climate.
		The Enchanted Forest is a family endeavor and above all, we strive to create an environment that inspires, educates and gently strengthens our bond with nature.
	www.visitourforest.com (220 words)

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