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Topic: Formal principle

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	Formal principle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Christian theology, a formal principle is the authority which forms or shapes the doctrinal system of a religion, religious movement or tradition or a religious body or organization.
		Formal principles tend to be texts or revered leaders of the religion or tradition.
		If the formal principle is properly identified, a scholar will know where to look to understand the teachings of a religion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Formal_principle (136 words)

	Constructing the Principles
		The principle of relativity, according to which the laws of physical phenomena must be the same for a stationary observer as for an observer carried along in a uniform motion of translation… The principle of the conservation of mass… The principle of least action.
		The application of these five or six general principles to the different physical phenomena is sufficient for our learning of them all that we could reasonably hope to know of them… These principles are results of experiments boldly generalized; but they seem to derive from their very generality a high degree of certainty.
		The conservation principles are explicitly assumed only for elementary molecules in statistical thermodynamics, and then they are inferred for high-level aggregates like a volume of gas. In contrast, the principle theory simply observes the conservation of energy at the level of gases, and adopts it as a postulate.
	www.mathpages.com /rr/s3-09/3-09.htm (1776 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Cause
		Formal causes are the changeless essences of things in themselves, permanent in them amid the flux of accidental modifications, yet by actual union with the material cause determining this to the concrete individual; and not, like the ideas of Plato, separated from it.
		With certain important modifications concerning the eternity of the material cause, the substantiality of certain formal causes of material entities, and the determination of the final cause, the fourfold division was handed on to the Christian teachers of patristic and scholastic times.
		It may be noted that, while both the material and the formal principle are, properly speaking, causes, in that they contribute, each in its proper manner, towards the resultant effect, their causal nature is intrinsic.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03459a.htm (8912 words)

	Postulates and Principles
		Einstein formally adopted this conjecture as a postulate, but on a more fundamental level it serves as a principle, since it entails the decision to organize our knowledge in terms of coordinate systems with respect to which the equations of mechanics hold good, i.e., inertial coordinate systems.
		The content of his first principle (i.e., the relativity principle) is simply that the inertial simultaneity of mechanics and the optical simultaneity of electrodynamics are identical.
		Einstein's second principle, by itself, was also not regarded as particularly novel, because it conveys the usual understanding of how a wave propagates at a fixed speed through a medium, independent of the speed of the source.
	www.mathpages.com /rr/s3-01/3-01.htm (1819 words)

	Principle of Formal and Material Cooperation
		Along with the principles of double effect and toleration, the principles of cooperation were developed in the Catholic moral tradition as a way of helping individuals discern how to properly avoid, limit, or distance themselves from evil (especially intrinsic evil) in order to avoid a worse evil or to achieve an important good.
		Formal cooperation occurs when a person or organization freely participates in the action(s) of a principal agent, or shares in the agent’s intention, either for its own sake or as a means to some other goal.
		Implicit formal cooperation occurs when, even though the cooperator denies intending the object of the principal agent, the cooperating person or organization participates in the action directly and in such a way that the it could not be done without this participation.
	www.ascensionhealth.org /ethics/public/key_principles/cooperation.asp (526 words)

	Equality (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		There is controversy concerning the precise notion of equality, the relation of justice and equality (the principles of equality), the material requirements and measure of the ideal of equality (equality of what?), the extension of equality (equality among whom?), and its status within a comprehensive (liberal) theory of justice (the value of equality).
		Some authors see this formal principle of equality as a specific application of a rule of rationality: it is irrational, because inconsistent, to treat equal cases unequally without sufficient reasons (Berlin 1955-56).
		On the formal level of pure conceptual explication, justice and equality are linked through these principles of formal and proportional justice.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/equality (13514 words)

	[No title]
		Thus, the formal principle of equality"equals should be treated equally" (or some variant, such as "likes should be treated alike")adds nothing to what the standards for treatment already indicate.
		The principle of prescriptive equality is not limited to second decisions: it applies to first decisions in which the content of the second decision is highly predictable (for example, when Judge B is virtually certain Judge A will give a suspended sentence).
		Although I have countered arguments against the principle and have defended its intuitive plausibility, I have not presented arguments in its favor that are entirely separate from the consequences of its application.
	www.law.wayne.edu /Faculty/Fac_web/cjpeters/greenawa.doc (10870 words)

	The Hindu : The illusions of formal equality
		In effect, note that secularism is a derivative principle; derived from the precept of formal equality.
		Formal equality tells us that each individual or group should be treated with equal care and concern, and that no one will be discriminated against on any ground that is morally irrelevant such as class, caste, gender, or religion.
		The paradox of the equality principle is that to ensure a rough equality among groups that are unequally situated in society, we may need to treat them unequally.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/2000/05/02/stories/05022523.htm (1305 words)

	Paul of Venice (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		The immanent principle is the one whose presence necessarily entails the existence of the individual it constitutes, and whose absence necessarily entails the non-existence (or disappearance) of the individual.
		The remote principle, on the other hand, is just what the immanent principle presupposes, but whose presence and absence alone are insufficient for causing the existence or disappearance of the individual, as it continues being after the corruption of the individual.
		In fact, Paul's definition of formal distinction inverts the terms of the question in relation to the preceding approaches, as Paul is attempting to reduce multiplicity to unity (the passage is from many to one).
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/paul-venice (6884 words)

	20th WCP: Universalizability and Philippine Jurisprudence
		The general reasons or principles of a judicial decision (as thus abstracted from the peculiarities of the case) are commonly styled by writers of jurisprudence, the ratio decidendi." (Austin, Jurisprudence (5th ed.
		Goodhart reasoned that "(t)he principle of the case is found by taking account (a) of the facts treated by the judge as material, and (b) his decision as based on them." (Goodhart, "Determining the Ratio Decidendi of the Case" in Essays in Jurisprudence and the Common Law, p.
		This underlying principle which forms the only authoritative element of a precedent is often termed the ratio decidendi." (18 Halsbury, Laws of England 210.) Professor Montrose suggested that the expression ratio decidendi is used in two senses either of which is referred to as a 'rule of law'.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Law/LawFern.htm (4398 words)

	Theological Reflections on the Eucharist
		So man, through his radical principle, through his body, has the ulterior actuality of being present, for example, as father, as brother, as doctor, etc. It is a matter of ulterior actualities grounded in a radical principle of actuality.
		And thus, since the principle of actuality in man is the body, is corporeity (and Christ is a man), it turns out that the food-bread, as the principle of Christ's actuality, is the body of Christ.
		While taking bread as the principle of Christ's actuality, it turns out that the actuality itself is common to Christ and the food-bread; it is the food-bread which is assumed to be the principle of actuality, and it is Christ who is actual in the bread.
	www.zubiri.org /works/eucharst.htm (7518 words)

	Regulative Principles
		It is the violation of this principle that constitutes the central formal failure of the eliminative materialists.
		The need for this formal principle is illustrated by William Lycan’s comment (even though it was obviously a deliberate overstatement) that he is prepared "to kill for" his particular (functionalist) solution to the problem of consciousness (C, 37).
		This substantive regulative principle, which has recently been insisted on strongly by McGinn, entails not only the rejection of any explicit supernaturalism, according to which the natural causal nexus is said to be interrupted; it also entails the rejection of any doctrine that even implies the need for supernatural intervention.
	www.hyattcarter.com /regulative_principles.htm (3549 words)

	Science & Environmental Health Network - Precautionary Principle: Essays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Later, that urge to protect and prevent was translated into a formal principle of German law, the lovely Vorsorgeprinzip, literally, the "forecaring principle." In the years that followed, the German idea became enshrined in international law as the precautionary principle.
		The precautionary principle counters that mentality with what Wendell Berry has called an "ecological morality," which is based on the idea that all of life is interdependent.
		The precautionary principle calls for us to act before such tragedies occur and, if necessary, to err on the side of caution because such errors are less costly in the long run.
	www.sehn.org /techprimer.html (1604 words)

	Of God and His Creatures \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		One requisite is that the form be the principle of substantial being to that whereof it is the form: I do not mean the effective, but the formal principle, whereby a thing is and is denominated ‘being.’
		If a man is, let us say, a Master of Arts, the formal principle, whereby he is such, is the degree itself; the efficient principle is the authority of the University which conferred the degree; while the man, on whom it is conferred, is the matter.
		LVI, is not hindered by the fact that it is subsistent from communicating its being to matter, and becoming the formal principle of the said matter.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/aquinas/gentiles.v.liii.html (1174 words)

	Sonata - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term would take on increasing importance in the Classical period, and by the early 19th century the word came to be used for a principle of composing large scale works, and be applied to most instrumental genres, regarded alongside the fugue as one of two fundamental methods of organizing, interpreting and analyzing concert music.
		The piano sonatas of Scriabin would begin from standard forms of the late Romantic period, but would progressively abandon the formal markers that had been taught, and would usually be composed as single-movement works; he is sometimes thought of as a composer on the boundary between Romantic and modern practice of the sonata.
		As an overarching formal principle, sonata was accorded the same central status as Baroque fugue; and generations of composers, instrumentalists, and audiences were guided by this understanding of sonata as an enduring and dominant principle in Western music.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sonata_(music) (3489 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume VII. Modern Christianity. The German Reformation. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Dorner: On the formal, and the material Principle of the Reformation.
		Schaff: The Principle of Protestantism, Chambersburg, Penn., 1845 (German and English); Protestantism and Romanism, and the Principles of the Reformation, two essays in his "Christ and Christianity," N. York, 1885.
		There are three fundamental principles of the Reformation: the supremacy of the Scriptures over tradition, the supremacy of faith over works, and the supremacy of the Christian people over an exclusive priesthood.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc7.ii.i.v.html?bcb=0 (578 words)

	Legal Realism and the Social Contract by James Boyle
		he portrays the formal requirements of contract as being in dialectical, productive tension with their functional goals, and he denies that the rules of contract law are somehow immanent within the very definition of a contract.
		The principle of private autonomy may be translated into terms of the will theory by saying that this principle merely means that the will of the parties sets their legal relations.
		Fuller criticises the notion that contract law is a formal structure deduced from a principle of autonomy and applied in idealized contractual relationships abstracted from their social settings.
	www.law.duke.edu /boylesite/fuller.htm (12050 words)

	FORMAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Consequently, the formal principle of a Roman Catholic theology will include tradition and the authority of that Church in addition to Scripture.
		The formal principle of a “liberal” theology will place the mind of man over the Bible as a judge of what it says.
		Scripture alone, is, and always must be, the formal principle of Evangelical theology, for it is only as we eliminate the human element from our theology, bringing our thoughts into accord with the Word of God, that the truth of the gospel shines forth unobscured by human error.
	www.hotcom.net /users/gary27/Formal.htm (4106 words)

	The Antinomies of Bourgeois Thought
		That is to say, the correct positing of a principle implies – at least in its general tendency – the positing of the whole system determined by it; the consequences are contained in the principle, they can be deduced from it, they are predictable and calculable.
		It is evident that the principle of systematisation is not reconcilable with the recognition of any ‘facticity’, of a ‘content’ which in principle cannot be deduced from the principle of form and which, therefore, has simply to be accepted as actuality.
		It does try, it is true, to find the formal principle which will both determine and preserve content – at least negatively – and to locate it in the principle of non-contradiction.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lukacs/works/history/lukacs1.htm (7955 words)

	Holy Scripture, Volume 3 : Add-On Module for PC Study Bible Version 4
		The principle of sola Scriptura — the teaching that Scripture is materially and formally sufficient and the ultimate authority for the Church — was the formal principle of the Reformation.
		The Roman Catholic Church teaches that the principle is illegitimate because, she claims, it is unhistorical.
		Formal sufficiency means that all that is necessary for faith and morals is clearly revealed in Scripture, so that an individual, by the enablement of the Holy Spirit alone, can understand the essentials of salvation and the Christian life.
	www.biblesoft.com /products/addons/holyscr3b00193.htm (428 words)

	From the Kingdom of Ends to the End of Kingdoms: Marxism and Kantian Moral Theory
		Morality is grounded in a formal practical principle which expresses the possibility of rational freedom and human dignity.
		But when we switch from the philosophical realm of the formal apriori to the possible content that it might command, we move with Marx from the realm of abstractions to the realm of practical content--from the grounding of the command to the historical demands it makes of us.
		The principle of autonomy emerges historically overcoming its external negativity and becoming more what it is. It thus unfolds as the rational kernel hidden within the mystical obfuscating shell.
	www.pages.drexel.edu /~pa34/FKE.htm (2352 words)

	Sherrard: The Greek East and the Latin West - Roman Background
		Aristotle's supreme principle, the First Mover, is neither the pre-formal and undetermined reality of which the principle of cosmic form, and the creative Ideas, are themselves determinations, nor is it really even the creative principle of actual sensible objects.
		As to the first, this is precisely the world of ontological Ideas after the pattern of which all that is, is created; as to the second, we have noted that these Ideas, although independent of their sensible objects, are yet present in the latter, either in a passive or an active sense.
		At this point, Cicero seems to forget his principle of suspended judgement, for he declares that there is a fundamental distinction in nature between truth and error, right and wrong, and that this can be discerned by the reason.
	www.geocities.com /trvalentine/orthodox/sherrard01.html (4749 words)

	J. Gresham Machen and the Regulative Principle
		Though the Regulative Principle does limit what we may do in worship, just as important is what it teaches about liberty of conscience and the Lordship of Christ.
		In this broader sense the Regulative Principle is only a variation on the formal principle of the Reformation, namely, “sola scriptura.” The Reformers believed that Rome had substituted the word of man (i.e.
		The wider implications of the Regulative Principle are important considerations for officers charged with governing the witness and practice of the church.
	www.opc.org /OS/html/V6/1a.html (1033 words)

	Mystery of Matter, Chapter 10
		Form, and therefore, formal cause, exists in a much more dynamic way in St. Thomas than it could in Aristotle, for it is related to the highest metaphysical principle.
		It demands some "essentially indeterminate and determinable principle" which can now be identified with existence, and the Aristotelian requirements of radical passivity and radical imperfection can be dropped.
		A principle of selection is needed to select this mode of being from the range of possibilities and give actual existence (energy-filled existence) to it according to this limited mode (or "essence," as the metaphysician would say).
	www.innerexplorations.com /catchmeta/mys10.htm (3270 words)

	Education in Nigeria
		While the formal principle of justice is a general principle which does not stipulate criteria by which goods and services are distributed, the material principle specifies the actual and relevant criteria specifies the actual and relevant criteria that should be used in treating people.
		If a talented speedstar fail to breast the tape at the end of the race due to a torn ligament and a less talented person got there before him, then we can say that though the talented, but injured speedstar deserves the prize, he is not entitled to it.
		The principle of distributive justice states that goods, services and opportunities are to be shared equally, fairly and justly to the advantage of all.
	www2.ncsu.edu /ncsu/aern/disjustice.html (2389 words)

	Five Five-Star Bible Versions
		IMO, this principle is much more accurate than the “dynamic equivalence” (thought for thought) principle that most modern-day versions follow.
		But it must be noted that the KJV is not the only version that follows a formal equivalence principle and is based on the TR.
		This method is less literal than the formal equivalence (word for word) method seen in such versions as the KJV and NKJV.
	www.dtl.org /versions/reviews/five-star.htm (1911 words)

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