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Topic: Formal science

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Logic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The ambiguity is that "formal logic" is very often used with the alternate meaning of symbolic logic as we have defined it, with informal logic meaning any logical investigation that does not involve symbolic abstraction; it is this sense of 'formal' that is parallel to the received usages coming from "formal languages" or "formal theory". The Organon was Aristotle's body of work on logic, with the Prior Analytics constituting the first explicit work in formal logic, introducing the syllogistic. Within this formal system, the rules of derivation and potential axioms then specify a set of theorems, which are formulas that are derivable using the rules of derivation. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Logic   (3434 words)

J.M. Wing Publications J.M. Wing, “Weaving Formal Methods into the Undergraduate Computer Science Curriculum,” in the Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Algebraic Methodology and Software 2000, Iowa City, IA, May 2000, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1816, Springer-Verlag, pp. 2-7. J.M. Wing and A.M. Zaremski, “Unintrusive Ways to Integrate Formal Specifications in Practice,” Proceedings VDM '91, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 551, Springer-Verlag, October 1991, Delft, The Netherlands, pp. 545-569.  Also CMU-91-113, February 1991. Formal Methods for Distributed Processing, an Object Oriented Approach, Howard Bowman and John Derrick, editors, Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp. www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs/usr/wing/www/publications/index.html   (3852 words)

CSE533 Automata and Formal Languages Automata theory and formal languages are a large part of the “science” in “computer science.&; They underpin many other topics—algorithms, complexity, undecidability, pattern matching, parsing, compiling—and are indispensable if you want a deep understanding of what makes things like expression matchers and parser generators work. Automata theory introduces fundamental models that are used over and over again in computer science for programming languages, in compiler construction and in algorithms. This course may also be applicable to the Ph.D. in Computer Science and Engineering, the MS or PH.D. in Electrical Engineering, or the Oregon Master of Software Engineering. www.cse.ogi.edu /courses/CSE533   (3852 words)

Husserl: Logic and Formal Ontology Logic as Husserl conceives it is a science of certain privileged species in the sphere of both meanings and objects and of the relations holding between these and between the ideal singulars which they comprehend. The theory of dependence is of importance for logic as theory of science first of all because it is in the terms of this theory that the idea of unity is to be clarified. It is in this sense that logic is a `theory of science' and of all that is necessarily connected therewith. ontology.buffalo.edu /smith/articles/lfo.html   (11183 words)

DROOL: Undergrads involved in Computer Science Research We are developing a package of tools that present and communicate abstract computer science concepts in a more efficient, visual and interactive manner. Our tools allow students to design, visualize and experiment with formal languages, formal models of machines, and formal grammars. We are also interested in devising ways to use the JOIE toolkit to automatically instrument Java programs to output similar trace information that can be processed by a common set of tools. www.cs.duke.edu /~rodger/drool99.html   (11183 words)

DROOL Home Page Our tools allow students to design, visualize and experiment with formal languages, formal models of machines, and formal grammars as well as basic computer science constructs. We are developing a package of tools that present and communicate abstract computer science concepts in a more efficient, visual and interactive manner. DROOL was funded in part by the National Science Foundation under grants DUE-9554910, DUE-9596002), and DUE-9555084. www.cs.duke.edu /~rodger/drool/old.html   (11183 words)

Equality of Opportunity The Lockean critique or rather counter-assertion of libertarian rights in the face of contrary claims that people have rights to equal opportunity applies to formal as well as to substantive equal opportunity ideals. Formal democratic equality requires that all long-term residents of a political society be eligible to become citizens and that all citizens are eligible to vote and stand for office in free and fair elections that pick law-makers for the society. A market economy conforms to formal equality of opportunity only if jobs offered by business firms are publicized in advance, so that anyone who might want to apply has a reasonable opportunity to do so. www.science.uva.nl /~seop/entries/equal-opportunity   (11183 words)

Grammar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In computer science, the syntax of each programming language is defined by a formal grammar. In theoretical computer science and mathematics, formal grammars define formal languages. The formal study of grammar is an important part of education from a young age through advanced learning, though the rules taught in schools are not a "grammar" in the sense most linguists use the term, as they are often prescriptive rather than descriptive. www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Grammar   (11183 words)

Principal Problems with Principles: Limits of Logic in the Growth of Knowledge sometimes created purely formal worlds which have no known connection with the world we live in, but the sources of both mathematics and logic were firmly grounded in the familiar world, and the principles we will discuss here are those that scientists have found useful in their work. The principle says that world is round, but it's obviously not really round, so the principle is wrong; and some people believe that science itself is deeply flawed because it is full of principles that obviously oversimplify the wonderful complexity of the real world. To criticize science because it's perfect principles differ from the details of the natural world may reveal little more than the critic's ignorance of what a principle fundamentally is, and what it is for. www.dharma-haven.org /science/limits-of-logic.htm   (11183 words)

Social Studies Review: ORIGINS AND IMPACT OF CALIFORNIA STATE TESTING IN HISTORY-SOCIAL SCIENCE, THE In October 1998 the California State Board of Education formally adopted rigorous academic content standards in history-social science for California public schools, K-12. Accompanying the adoption of similarly rigorous standards in the other three core content areas - language arts, mathematics and science - this Board action signaled the launch of a reform movement that has reverberated through the school districts of California. The purpose of state K-12 testing as it has evolved is to determine student achievement in relation to the rigorous state standards and to use that data to spur further improvement. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4033/is_200404/ai_n9373928   (1282 words)

Formal Methods Publications Formal methods in computer science journal titles and technical report abstracts. Formal Methods and Women in Computer Science, Michael Barnett. Formal Verification of the AAMP5 Microprocessor: A Case Study in the Industrial Use of Formal Methods, S.P. Miller and M. Srivas. vl.fmnet.info /pubs   (2198 words)

Prof. Jonathan Bowen In 2002, Bowen was elected Chair of the British Computer Society FACS Specialist Group on Formal Aspects of Computer Science and Fellow of the Royal Society for the encouragement of the Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. From 1995 to March 2000, Bowen was a lecturer at the Department of Computer Science, University of Reading where he led the Formal Methods and Software Engineering Group. His interests include formal methods, safety-critical systems, the Z notation, provably correct systems, rapid prototyping using logic programming, decompilation, hardware compilation, software/hardware co-design, the history of computing and on-line museums. www.jpbowen.com   (561 words)

sciforums.com - VERY Nice Formal Proof of Evolution The site provides the major flaw with the "proof" right up front, when it says that science ceases to be science when dealing with supernatural forces. Nah, it's only a very nice formal proof that you can quote a url. - - VERY Nice Formal Proof of Evolution (http://www.sciforums.com/showthread.php?t=5228) www.sciforums.com /printthread.php?t=5228&pp=40   (561 words)

Underdetermination, Logic, Mathematics and Science Logic is a sister discipline with mathematics, both formal sciences together are the basis of all formal investigations in mathematics, such as set theory, the model theory, among others. Logic and mathematics are their own fields, have their own investigation, and their ways of proceeding are completely different from that of natural science. Now, although applicable to the physical (and other) sciences, mathematical theorems seem to be true even if all actually accepted physical theories were false and, thus, the claim that only after the advent of modern physical science can we argue that mathematical theorems are true seems really amazing, to say the least. prosario-2000.0catch.com /Philosophy/underdetermination.htm   (2978 words)

He Lives Now, those on the anti-ID side will immediately say "that's a copout!" However, I'll remind them that, when it suited science, science gave the same answer. Nancy and Sluggo?) At the end of Jonathan’s post, he relays a suggestion from a victim of this over-the-top biologist’s venom, a victim (and an atheist) who argues that the Discovery Institute should bankroll the guy, seeing as he is something of an embarrassment to his own cause. That is indeed a fascinating dynamic, when someone is so awful at making any sort of reasoned, cogent argument that you wish he would defect to the opposition. helives.blogspot.com   (11547 words)

Lectureship in Computer Science The Computer Science Group is firmly research oriented and current research interests include: artificial intelligence and expert systems; categorical logic; complexity theory; concurrency theory; fault-tolerant, real-time and dependable systems; finite model theory; formal languages and automata theory; formal methods for software development and programming language design; information systems; software engineering; type theory. The Computer Science Group has recently appointed three new lecturers, and will consist of nine members of staff when Iain A. Stewart takes up his appointment as Professor of Computer Science in March 1996. The Department of Mathematics and Computer Science is divided into four groups: Pure Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics. www.cis.upenn.edu /~bcpierce/types/archives/1996/msg00186.html   (388 words)

Virginia Tech Graduate Catalog Fundamentals of computer science, including specific programming languages; program design, implementation, and testing; programming language syntax and semantics; abstraction and object-oriented programming; data structures; algorithms and algorithm analysis; software engineering; databases; user interfaces; distributed and parallel computing; and computer networks. Formal theory of computability, the halting problem, models of computation, and Church's thesis, and formal languages. Theoretical analysis of the computational process; fundamental concepts such as abstract programs, classes of computational machines and their equivalence, recursive function theory, unsolvable problems, Church's thesis, Kleene's theorem, program equivalence, and generability, acceptability, decidability will be covered. www.grads.vt.edu /gcat/gcdCS.html   (3206 words)

Seminar Series (Computer Science), NUI Maynooth Computer Science uses a number of different formal systems: logics, formal specification languages, grammars, automata, and lots of specialised calculi for various domains such as databases, program derivation, language semantics, communication protocols etc... They fall under the domain of theroetical computer science, but they should (I hope) be interesting in their own right. So the goal of this project is to develop a re-configurable optical computing platform for the training of large-scale feed-forward multi-layer neural networks in order to implement the network during the training phase and which, because of its speed of processing, will enable large networks to be trained effectively. www.cs.may.ie /~pgibson/Seminars/seminars.html   (3206 words)

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (G5033) However, rather than presenting this material in isolation, our goal is to integrate it with its application in computer science, in particular with its use in the field of formal language theory. The aim of the course is to introduce various formal models that play an important role in areas of computer science such as compiler design and the analysis of the complexity of algorithms. learn to read and use the mathematical notation used in theoretical computer science; www.cogs.susx.ac.uk /informatics_docs/ughandbook/bookletnode46.html   (168 words)

Using TRIZ in Computer Science - Concurrency Universities spend much time developing formal techniques based on solid mathematical foundations in the Computer Science field; yet without a systematic way of applying formal techniques to real practice (in a way that it is understandable to the average hacker, oops I mean programmer), we cannot maximize the quality of our software systems. Since computer science has been around for a very short period, it is a baby compared to physics and mechanical engineering. Concurrent programming is the activity of constructing a program containing multiple processes that execute in parallel. www.triz-journal.com /archives/1999/08/d   (2349 words)

CISC 404/604: Logic in Computer Science This course introduces formal (mathematical) first-order logic with an emphasis toward its applicability in computer science. Formal introduction to first-order logic with emphasis on its relevance to computer science. This course will aid in the development of precise logical thinking and mathematical rigor, it has utility in computer science, it provides deep philosophical and scientific understanding, and can be enjoyed for its aesthetics and pleasing conceptual subtleties. www.cis.udel.edu /~chester/courses/604.html   (569 words)

Science Teaching Center - University of Maryland We provide courses for the professional study of science education in both formal and non-formal settings and at levels from elementary through university. We offer degree programs in instructional practice toward Maryland State teacher certification in biology, chemistry, physics, and earth/space science. The Science Teaching Center is a unit within the www.education.umd.edu /EDCI/Science   (569 words)

Science of Logic, Division Geometry is a science of magnitude, and therefore formal reasoning is most appropriate to it; it treats of the merely quantitative determination and abstracts from the qualitative, and can therefore confine itself to formal identity, to the unity that lacks the Notion, which is equality and which belongs to the external abstractive reflection. The science of these determinations is, accordingly, a simple science of the finite that is compared in respect of magnitude and whose unity is the external unity of equality. This position is especially noteworthy in the case of the empirical sciences such as physics, for example, when they want to give themselves the form of synthetic sciences. www.marxists.org /reference/archive/hegel/works/hl/hl806.htm   (3231 words)

FOUND info about: formal Formal Techniques in RealTime and FaultTolerant Systems 7th International Symposium, Ftrtft 2002, CoSponsored by Ifip Wg 2.2, Ol Ifip Wg 2.2, Oldenburg, Germany, September 2002: Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2469) formal Fme96 Industrial Benefit and Advances in Formal Methods Third International Symposium of Formal Methods Europe CoSponsored by If Ifip Wg 14.3 Oxford, Uk, ma (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol 1051) formal Formal and informal institutions lending policies and access to credit by smallscale enterprises in Kenya an empirical assessmen small-scale enterprises in Kenya: an empirical assessment formal saturn.vulkanoiden.de /formal_yyy.html   (3231 words)

JMU - Computer Science CS510, 511, 512, 550, 574 (the Computer Science Core Curriculum) and CS 620, Introduction to Information Security Formal and semi-formal specification techniques are investigated and applied. Principles of testing are discussed and applied to demonstrative and vulnerability testing. www.cs.jmu.edu /courses/CS621.htm   (3231 words)

Computer Science Faculty Formal methods in software engineering; Surveying network information flow; Authentication Protocol Research; Development of new authentication protocols; Analysis of authentication protocols and their logics; Microprocessor verification; Formal semantics of programming languages; The semantics of the JAVA language; The security of real-time embedded systems Evolutionary computation, Computational biology, computational complexity theory, bioinformatics. Computer security, network security, software testing, object-oriented design www.uidaho.edu /engr/COEhtml/faccs.htm   (3231 words)

MSc Computer Science Computer science (academically, CS, CSC or compsci) encompasses a variety of topics that relates to computation, like abstract analysis of algorithms, formal grammars, and subjects such as programming languages, program design, software and computer hardware. At the Postgraduate Certificate level the programme requires little formal training in computing but aims to build the academic foundations and research interests for students wishing to develop a specialism in the field of computer science. A computer is one that computes, where com- (with, together) joins putare (Latin root, to reckon, to think, or section as in to compare pieces), so by definition, computer science (Latin: scientia, knowledge) is the accumulated knowledge through scientific methodology by computation or by the use of the computer. www.finntrack.com /comp_science_intro.htm   (710 words)

Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics Into Being As far as I can tell it is at this point (in Chapter 3 of 16) the authors leave results established by cognitive science research and move into the realm they describe as “hypothetical” and “plausible”. Misconception 1:  Mathematics is formal, consisting of formal definitions, axioms, theorems, and proof. Mathematics is a product of the neural capacities of our brains, the nature of our bodies, our evolution, our environment, and our long social and cultural history. www.math.cornell.edu /~dwh/papers/EmbMath/EmbMath-review-8-01.htm   (710 words)

Book Review - 67.2 - Rogan Patrick Parrinder’s “Revisiting Suvin’s Poetics of Science Fiction” is a trenchant reassessment of Suvin’s primary formal critical apparatuses for SF, “cognitive estrangement” (a shorthand version of this concept is this collection’s title) and “the novum” (the strange or new property of the science-fictional world). The task, as defined by Patrick Parrinder in his excellent introduction to this volume, is to bring together a representative variety of critical writings on science fiction that, despite their differences in critical approach, focus, and national origin, all build upon pioneering SF critic Darko Suvin’s most salient themes. What all these chapters have in common is a view of science fiction and utopia as a body of imaginative literature with a canon (in the strong sense—a canon both includes and excludes) going back at least to Thomas More. www.samla.org /sar/Reviews/67.2/Rogan.htm   (710 words)

Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences - Distance Degree Programs The Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences is a broad-based interdisciplinary program with course concentrations available in anthropology, business administration, criminal justice, history, human development, political science, psychology, sociology, and women studies, and a formal minor in business administration. The Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences is a broad-based, interdisciplinary, liberal arts degree with options that include primary and secondary course concentrations in criminal justice, sociology, psychology, anthropology, history, human development, political science, and women's studies (a formal minor in business administration is also available). The Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences is an upper-division degree completion program that enables students to complete the final two years of a bachelor's degree without going to a Washington State University (WSU) campus. www.distance.wsu.edu /degrees/social_sciences.asp   (710 words)

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