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Topic: Formal written English


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In the News (Thu 24 Jul 08)

  
 SEtrudgill.htm
English as it is employed in areas where it is the major native language of the community, such as in the British Isles, North America and Australasia, is a language which has the fullest possible range of styles running from the most to the least formal.
Grammatical constructions vary as between informal and formal English - it is often claimed, for instance, that the passive voice is more frequent in formal than in informal styles - and, as has been shown by many works in the Labovian secular linguistics tradition, starting with Labov (1966), phonology is also highly sensitive to style.
This argument would appear to be a total non-sequitur, since all newspapers that are written in English are written in Standard English, by middle-class journalist, regardless of their readership.
www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/dick/SEtrudgill.htm   (4182 words)

  
 French language - Biocrawler definition:French language - Biocrawler
pas", such as "I don't think so", which is "Je ne crois pas" in formal French, and "Je crois pas" in colloquial French.
Formal French is used in writing or in formal occasions (when people make official speeches or when they are interviewed on television, for instance).
By extension, it has also come to be used to distinguish homophones: du ("of the") vs. dû (past participle of devoir "to owe"; note that dû is in fact written thus because of a dropped e: deu).
www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/French_language   (3510 words)

  
 Scottish English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The speech of the middle classes in Scotland often conforms to the grammatical norms of the written standard, particularly in situations that are regarded as formal.
It is normally used in formal, non-fictional written texts in Scotland.
Scottish English (also known as Scottish Standard English) is the form of the
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scots_English   (3510 words)

  
 The Ultimate French language Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
By extension, it has also come to be used to distinguish homophones: du ("of the") vs. dû (past participle of devoir "to owe"; note that dû is in fact written thus because of a dropped e: deu).
Formal French is used is in writing or in formal occasions (when people make official speeches or when they are interviewed on television for instance).
E.g.: "Is he sick?" would be "Est-il malade?" or "Est-ce qu'il est malade?" in formal French, and "Il est malade?" in colloquial French.
www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/French_language   (3494 words)

  
 The World English Bible (WEB) FAQ
Because the Greek New Testament was written not in the formal written register of the language, but in the informal register of the language used by common people, we have decided to use the less formal spoken register of the English language.
Because the World English Bible is an update of the American Standard Version of 1901, which does not capitalize pronouns referring to God, it would have required reviewing all pronouns in the Bible for capitalization, determining from the context which referred to God and which did not.
English style is a moving target, and there is not widespread agreement on capitalization of pronouns referring to God.
www.ebible.org /bible/web/webfaq.htm   (5620 words)

  
 Proposal for Sinitic linguistic policy - Meta
I use written Cantonese all the time, in MSN and icq and e-mails, but certainly not in a somehow formal or serious writing.
It is one thing to have specific cantonese entries (for), it is another thing to reproduce a whole wiki into written cantonese (totally against), considering the work that needs to be done yet.
That disencouraging using Cantonese in its written form in Hong Kong education does not mean written Cantonese is wrong and should be eliminated.
meta.wikimedia.org /wiki/Proposal_for_Sinitic_linguistic_policy   (8510 words)

  
 DeKalb Technical College - Course Descriptions for English
Prerequisites: Approved admission level TABE or exit exam English and reading scores or completion of ENG 097 and RDG 097 with a grade of "S" Emphasizes the development and improvement of written and oral communication abilities.
Prerequisites: Approved admission level TABE or exit exam English and reading scores or completion of ENG 097 and RDG 097 with a grade of "S" Emphasizes the ability to communicate using written and oral methods.
Prerequisites: Approved admission level TABE or exit exam English and reading scores or completion of ENG 096 and RDG 096 with a grade of "S" Emphasizes a functional and comprehensive review of English usage and oral communication skills.
www.dekalb.tec.ga.us /courses/english.html   (634 words)

  
 British English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Although British English can describe the formal written English used in the United Kingdom, the forms of spoken English used in the United Kingdom vary considerably more than in most other areas of the world where English is spoken.
British English (BrE) is a term used to differentiate the form of the written English language in the United Kingdom from other forms of the English language.
The form of English spoken and particularly written in the United Kingdom still has a major cultural influence on the English used in many Commonwealth countries, including Australia, South Africa, and India, as well as in the European Union.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/British_English   (600 words)

  
 Genitive case - www.catalogofcasinos.com
Linguists generally believe that English possessive is no longer a case at all, but has become a clitic, an independent particle which, however, is always written and pronounced as part of the preceding word.
A few remnants of the genitive case do remain in Modern English in a few pronouns as whose, the genitive form of who ; likewise, my/mine, his/hers/its, our/ours, their/theirs.
This can be shown by the following example: "The king of Sparta's wife was called Helen." If the English -'s were a genitive, then the wife would belong to Sparta; but the -'s attaches not to the word Sparta, but to the entire phrase the king of Sparta.
www.catalogofcasinos.com /Genitive_case.html   (600 words)

  
 British English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
While there is a meaningful degree of uniformity in formal written English in the United Kingdom, the forms of spoken English used vary considerably more than in most other areas of the world where English is spoken.
The form of English spoken and written in the United Kingdom still has a major cultural influence, in particular on the English used in many Commonwealth countries (including Australia, South Africa, and India), as well as in the European Union.
Although British English is taught and used in the former British colonies of Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia, American English is often taught in Chinese and Japanese schools, and in other schools throughout Asia.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/British_English   (702 words)

  
 STANDARD ENGLISH CONVENTIONS
Demonstrate command of conventions in formal written English, e.g.
Edit written work for standard English spelling and usage, evidenced by pieces that show and contain:
Dictate or write a sentence or series of sentences which convey basic ideas with sequences that make sense and suggest evidence of a beginning, middle and ending.
www.falmouthschools.org /LearningResults/standardconventions.htm   (378 words)

  
 Hypertext Guide to English Grammar, Mechanics, and Usage Rules
Spoken American English is becoming more colloquial over time, and there is dispute over whether it is appropriate for formal written English to be come more casual.
The English written in 1930 is usually correct now; the reverse is not necessarily true.
English is easier than some other languages because nouns and some indefinite pronouns (anyone, someone, everyone, and so on) have a distinctive case form only for the possessive (the student's notebook).
ei.cs.vt.edu /~cs5014/fall.95/courseNotes/WebPages/5.TechnicalCommunication/tc_2_Usage.html#RecogEight   (4684 words)

  
 American Sign Language University
Even though both sign languages have established the formal connection to written language by defining a set of symbols for the fundamental units, the alphabet in English and the alphabetized pronunciation of Chinese word sounds, most of the sign language needed for daily communication are by pictures and by actions, coupled by facial expressions.
The written language has been unified, simplified and altered over the centuries, but the spoken language depends completely on the enunciation that varies from region to region of the specific pictures.
The English language is one that is based on phonetics derived from an ordered set of alphabet that can be put together to “spell” and to enunciate into words, which are the meaningful quantities of communication.
www.lifeprint.com /asl101/topics/chinesesignlanguage.htm   (820 words)

  
 English grammar for TEFL, ESL - relative clauses
Whom is rather formal and is only used in written English and formal spoken English.
Note that as a general rule, when the relative pronoun refers back to a person and is functioning as object of the verb in the relative clause, the relative pronoun that and the zero relative pronoun are more common in informal contexts than the relative pronoun who.
In this, the first of two articles, we look at the above questions and the whole area of relative clauses in English.
www.onestopenglish.com /english_grammar/relative_clauses.htm   (820 words)

  
 jpb_meg_ch03_550.doc
Many of them seemed aimed at meeting the learning needs of students of English as a second language; some treated grammar as a part of English usage and focused on helping writers avoid the kinds of grammatical structures that are not appropriate in formal written essays.
Thus when users of English encounter a sequence of sounds such as dop in 3.3, they evaluate it against a mental list of English morphemes and words, their internal dictionaries, and reject it as meaningless because it is not in those dictionaries.
Anyone would know this because both words carry a verb suffix, the past tense inflectional suffix, and because their positions in the sequence after the nouns and before the prepositional phrase is a position where verbs tend to occur in English.
courses.lib.odu.edu /engl/jpbroder/jpb_meg_ch03_550.doc   (8275 words)

  
 Hist 424W Early Modern English History
Papers should be written in formal English (no use of first or second person, no contractions, avoid passive voice, etc.).
Even if you do not have something written, you can come by and discuss your ideas if you would like.
David Underdown, Fire From Heaven: Life in an English Town in the Seventeenth Century
www.samford.edu /schools/artsci/history/faculty/gsfrost/Hist424WF03.htm   (1708 words)

  
 British English -
The written form of the language, as taught in schools, is universally the same as in the rest of the English-speaking world (except North America), with a slight emphasis on words whose usage varies amongst the different regions of the UK.
There is no formal definition of British English other than that it is a term used (linguists apart, especially by Americans) to describe English as used in the United Kingdom.
British English (BrE) is a term used to differentiate between the form of the English language used in the United Kingdom and those used elsewhere.
psychcentral.com /psypsych/En-GB   (694 words)

  
 Spelling. ERIC Digest.
Although formal spelling study has a legitimate place in the school curriculum, every interaction with written language both in and out of spelling class provides students with opportunities to gain new information about the structure and uses of the written code.
Their studies have revealed that English orthography, while appearing quite irregular on the surface, is considerably more logical than it appears when examined at deeper, more complex levels of language.
Accordingly, we need to provide them with numerous and frequent opportunities to explore English spelling in the context of daily writing and reading activities.
www.ericdigests.org /pre-921/spelling.htm   (694 words)

  
 Arabic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Since the written Arabic of today differs from the written Arabic of the Qur'anic era, it has become customary in western scholarship and among non-Arab scholars of Arabic to refer to the language of the Qur'an as Classical Arabic and the modern language of the media and of formal speech as Modern Standard Arabic.
Maltese, which is spoken on the Mediterranean island of Malta, is the only surviving European language to derive primarily from Arabic, though it contains a large number of Italian and English borrowings.
Arabic has been a literary language since at least the 6th century and is the liturgical language of Islam.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arabic_language   (2653 words)

  
 British English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
As with many other aspects of British culture, the English language as spoken in the United Kingdom and Ireland is governed by convention rather than formal code: there is no equivalent body to the Académie française, and the authoritative dictionaries (e.g.
The written form of the language, as taught in schools, is universally the same as in the rest of the English-speaking world (except North America), with a slight emphasis on words whose usage varies amongst the different regions of the UK.
Historically, the widespread usage of English across the world is attributed to the former power of the British Empire, and hence the most common form of English used by the British ruling class that of south-east England (the area around the capital, London, and the ancient English university towns of Oxford and Cambridge).
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/British_English   (654 words)

  
 Scottish English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The speech of the middle classes in Scotland often conforms to the grammatical norms of the written standard, particularly in situations that are regarded as formal.
Highland English is slightly different from the variety spoken in the lowlands in that it is more phonologically, grammatically, and lexically influenced by a Gaelic substratum.
Scottish English is taken by some to include Lowland Scots and by others to exclude it.
porthueneme.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Scottish_English   (654 words)

  
 The UVic Writer's Guide: Levels Of Usage
Formal English is, for the most part, a written language.
Formal language tends to be impersonal and precise, and often uses long, carefully constructed sentences; the formal writer will avoid contractions and abbreviations, and will use a more specialized and complex vocabulary than that employed in everyday speech.
Informal language is not necessarily inferior to formal; it simply serves a different purpose and is directed to a different audience.
web.uvic.ca /wguide/Pages/SentLevsUsage.html   (588 words)

  
 Hermeneutics_of_Translation
The fact that the KJV is in an early English sometimes difficult to understand four-hundred years later, and was based on late manuscripts and printed texts of the Bible, does not detract from its value as a formal equivalence translation of the biblical text available to it at the time.
Normally a formal equivalence translation is preferable for midrashic and intertextual study of the Bible, while dynamic equivalence translations are valuable for less advanced students and those who do not know the history of the formation of the biblical text.
If Bible translations of the gospels and Acts are to continue uncritically to present this "historical" section of the Second Testament as accounts of what happened in the first half of the century, the late polemical language in which they were written must finally be addressed.
www.bc.edu /research/cjl/meta-elements/sites/partners/cbaa_seminar/sanders2.htm   (4585 words)

  
 On The Wikipedia & Collaborative Editing
I think that years from now when a formal history of wikis are written, it will be obligatory to mention open source software.
It is of course possible for someone to come along and write that Will Ferrell is in fact the inventor of Parcheesi I will address this point later in the article.
There is also a link to Wikinews, a news source which combines other news sources to produce single articles from a neutral point of view.
goinside.com /05/6/wikipedia.html   (1073 words)

  
 Language, Society and Education in Singapore: Issues and Trends
This does not mean, of course, that Colloquial Singapore English (CSE) will be used as a medium of instruction in schools, will be written and codified, and or given a formal place in the educational system.
English, therefore, is to blame, since ``the negative strand of the [Hege lian] dialectics motivates [sic!] the English language to create a discourse that legitimizes the `institutionalization of inequality'" and so on.
Since Singapore English has now expanded (and is constantly e xpanding) into new roles, such as the imaginative/innovative, the interpersonal, the informative, and the representative, it can no longer be relegated to a subservient role.
ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/messeas/handouts/singpore/lgsoceds.html   (2398 words)

  
 John Benjamins: Book details for Indian English [VEAW T7]
Therefore, standard English (if possible in its classical British form) is generally favoured, together with formal written uses often based on the stylistic models provided by English literature from Shakespeare to Dickens.
Indian English, or rather, the forms of English used in India, have long been a topic of interest for laymen and scholars.
It was only from the 1960s onwards that the local forms of English were recognized for what they are — adaptations of the world language to local needs, and varying to an enormous degree, depending on the speakers’ (and writers’) education and the uses they make of the language.
www.benjamins.com /cgi-bin/t_bookview.cgi?bookid=VEAW%20T7   (323 words)

  
 Common Errors in English
Note that I often suggest differing usages as appropriate depending on the setting: spoken vs. written, informal vs. formal; slang is often highly appropriate.
What gives you the right to say what an error in English is?
Some common complaints about usage strike me as too persnickety, but I’m just discussing mistakes in English that happen to bother me. Feel free to create your own page listing your own pet peeves, but I welcome suggestions for additions to these pages.
www.wsu.edu /%7Ebrians/errors/index.html   (1248 words)

  
 Standard English
the English language in its most widely accepted form, as written and spoken by educated people in both formal and informal contexts, having universal currency while incorporating regional differences.
www.factmonster.com /ipd/A0669220.html   (54 words)

  
 Controlled Languages in Industry
One might consider formal written English to be the ultimate Controlled Language: a form of English with restricted word and grammar usages, but a standard too broad and too variable for use in highly technical domains.
Perhaps the best known recent controlled language is AECMA Simplified English [ AEC95 ], which is unique in that it has been adopted by an entire industry, namely, the aerospace industry.
For example, AECMA Simplified English limits the length of instructional sentences to no more than 20 words.
cslu.cse.ogi.edu /HLTsurvey/ch7node8.html   (54 words)

  
 English Pronunciation Links
You can hear examples of contractions and "shortcuts" used by native speakers of North American English, including how common these features are in formal and informal English.
Here you will find explanations of American English pronunciation features that make spoken English so different from the way written English appears.
If you are interested in improving your listening skills or just casually comparing different accents of native English speakers, check out this site developed by the Department of Theater and Film at the University of Kansas.
www.artsci.wustl.edu /~kschwell/pronunciation.html   (54 words)

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