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	Formalist Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the philosophy of mathematics a formalist is a person who belongs to the school of formalism, a certain mathematical-philosophical doctrine which includes for example David Hilbert.
		The term is often used generally in the Arts, but has become a familiar term in modern poetry in particular.
		Formalist poets may be considered as the opposite of 'Free Verse' poets, though of course these are just labels, and rarely sum up matters satisfactorily.
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/f/fo/formalist.html (272 words)

	Formalist film theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Formalist film theory is a theory of film study that is focused on the formal, or technical, elements of a film: i.e., the lighting, scoring, sound and set design, use of colour, shot composition, and editing.
		A formalist might study how standard Hollywood "continuity editing" creates a more comforting effect and non-continuity or jump-cut editing might become more disconcerting or volatile.
		If the ideological approach is concerned with broad movements and the effects of the world around the filmmaker, then the auteur theory is dialectically opposed to it, celebrating the individual, usually in the person of the filmmaker, and how his personal decisions, thoughts, and style manifest themselves in the material.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Formalist_film_theory (974 words)

	A Neo-Formalist Approach
		The formalist claim that mathematical utterances cannot be used to make assertions and that mathematical theorems are not true is both grossly counterintuitive and leads to huge difficulties in explaining why mathematics is so useful in the physical sciences.
		The (textbook) formalist would surely be right to say that such utterances are not assertions and just as surely wrong to assimilate mathematical sentences to non-truth-evaluable moves in games.
		Mathematical truth is thus linked, though not as part of the meaning of mathematical assertions, with provability in formal calculi, as the formalists thought, and in such a way as to be perfectly compatible with the claim that all that exists in mind-dependent reality are (perhaps finitely many) concrete objects together with their physical properties.
	www.meta-religion.com /Mathematics/Philosophy_of_mathematics/a_neo-formalist_approach.htm (3080 words)

	Russian Formalism
		Members of what can be loosely referred to as the Formalist school emphasized first and foremost the autonomous nature of literature and consequently the proper study of literature as neither a reflection of the life of its author nor as byproduct of the historical or cultural milieu in which it was created.
		In this respect, proponents of a formalist approach to literature attempted not only to isolate and define the "formal" properties of poetic language (in both poetry and prose) but also to study the way in which certain aesthetically motivated devices (e.g., defamiliarization [ostranenie]) determined the literariness or artfulness of an object.
		Ironically, objectives of scientificity in Formalist literary study were held up as an ideal, but only insofar as the Formalists believed scientificity would shield their theory from external influences, since everything outside the poetic system could only corrupt and obfuscate data extrapolated from the text.
	www.press.jhu.edu /books/hopkins_guide_to_literary_theory/russian_formalism.html (2755 words)

	Literary Criticism Study Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Formalistic critics believe that all information essential to the interpretation of a work must be found within the work itself; there is no need to bring in outside information about the history, politics, or society of the time, or about the author's life.
		Formalistic critics (presumably) do not view works through the lens of feminism, psychology, mythology, or any other such standpoint, and they are not interested in the work's affect on the reader.
		The disadvantage of this formalistic approach is that it does not allow us to account for most readers' natural (and appropriate) response of disgust to the incestuous relationship or to examine how that affects the ability of the author to communicate his story.
	www.literatureclassics.com /ancientpaths/litcrit.html (4347 words)

	Beijing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		So formalist linguists have devoted much of their energies to devising elaborate and slippery arguments why their description cannot be required to acknowledge the rich and contestable connections between language and culture.
		Over the twentieth century, formalist linguists migrated from fieldwork to homework as they moved from phonology and morphology, which extract descriptions directly from units discovered in data, over to syntax and semantics, which postulate 'underlying' organisation only indirectly reflected in data.
		So formalist homeworkers are obliged to smuggle in, in the guise of 'formal rules', the cognitive and social constraints of their own culture, and to become entrained in monocultural chauvinism dressed up as formal science.
	beaugrande.bizland.com /BeijingS.htm (10041 words)

	Formalist Literary Theory and Methodology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Formalist literary theory thus tends toward a methodology of literary analysis dubbed "close reading." In close reading, the method of the analyst is to begin by describing the form the work takes, and to decide which conventional forms or genres of literary objects it belongs with (tragedy, the sonnet, the detective novel, etc.).
		Thus the formalist rejects the notion that the work documents or simply reflects the world outside the text; rather the formalist holds that the artist uses the world’s elements, but in such a way as to change and give unique meaning to those elements.
		The formalist must compare the literary work to previous instances of that type or genre, or compare the use of literary elements here to their use elsewhere.
	www.uwm.edu /~gjay/Litcrit/formal.htm (1319 words)

	LitGloss - F (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Formalist criticism An approach to literature that focuses on the formal elements of a work, such as its language, structure, and tone.
		Formalist critics offer intense examinations of the relationship between form and meaning in a work, emphasizing the subtle complexity in how a work is arranged.
		Formalist critics read literature as an independent work of art rather than as a reflection of the author's state of mind or as a representation of a moment in history.
	bcs.bedfordstmartins.com /litgloss/LitGlosscode/litgloss_f.html (813 words)

	elitism.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In that sense, a formalist approach, as an academic and intellectual project, is bound to be the work of specialists (but, if history is taken to be a reliable witness, there is little danger that any "elitist" privilege thereby will ever redound to it and to those who hold it).
		The formalist position emerges in the compelling way it does for us because it goes further than anything else we know in answering those questions and giving a satisfactory account of what we really do experience and did experience long before we were acquainted with formalist theory.
		But the formalist claim goes further than this: the claim is that the formal experience of those things we call beautiful, in art or nature, is a, as well as the, common human experience and that this fact (not conjecture) can be known empirically, once the terms of the inquiry are understood.
	www.propylaean.org /elitism.html (779 words)

	Chomskyan versus Formalist Linguistics
		However, treating the opposition between GPSG and Chomskyan linguistics as internal to generative grammar (or to formalist approaches to linguistics) is misleading.
		Formalist approaches in the narrow sense study the form of language with the goal of deriving theorems from sentential axioms.
		Chomskyan linguistics shares with functionalist approaches the concern for explanation and with formalist approaches the emphasis on the form of language.
	pages.unibas.ch /LIlab/staff/tenhacken/cls37 (594 words)

	LINGUIST List 11.3: Darnell et al: Functionalism & Formalism
		The first two parts were intended to cover a number of controversial issues by leading formalist and functionalist authors so that for each topic a functionalist position paper, a formalist one, and a discussant paper on the other two papers would shed lights from different angles on the topic in question.
		Formalists, on the other hand, consider the legitimate explanations to be those that do not appeal to facts outside the linguistic system proper.
		The incoherent discourse between the functionalist and formalist here, however, seems to be mainly due to the general deficiency of both parties in formulating their positions rather than the shortcomings of this specific work.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/11/11-3.html (5680 words)

	EP&M Online Critical Essay
		Formalist poets with careerist ambitions will be terrified of offending these powerful people in any important way--hence the almost irresistible impulse among many of them to disguise their work, and to make it as superficially like free verse as possible.
		There is a well-known formalist poet living in New York City who personally informed me that this is the reason she uses split-level lines in her work.
		For formalists, the split-level line and the uncapitalized first word are comparable to the practice of some fl persons in past decades who used various chemical agents to straighten their hair, or to bleach their skin.
	www.n2hos.com /acm/cult032000.html (2629 words)

	virtuaLit: Critical Approaches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		No matter which connotation of form pertains, however, formalists seek to be objective in their analysis, focusing on the work itself and eschewing external considerations.
		Formalists have generally suggested that everyday language, which serves simply to communicate information, is stale and unimaginative.
		The Chicago School has also been classified as formalist, insofar as the Chicago critics examined and analyzed works on an individual basis; their interest in historical material, on the other hand, was clearly not formalist.
	bcs.bedfordstmartins.com /virtualit/poetry/critical_define/crit_form.html (412 words)

	Formalist -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the (Click link for more info and facts about philosophy of mathematics) philosophy of mathematics a formalist is a person who belongs to the school of (The doctrine that formal structure rather than content is what should be represented) formalism, a certain mathematical-philosophical doctrine which includes for example (German mathematician (1862-1943)) David Hilbert.
		The term is often used generally in the Arts, but has become a familiar term in modern (Literature in metrical form) poetry in particular.
		Examples of formalist films might include (Click link for more info and facts about The Seventh Seal) The Seventh Seal (1957), (Click link for more info and facts about Breathless) Breathless (1959) and (Click link for more info and facts about Moulin Rouge!) Moulin Rouge!
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fo/formalist.htm (269 words)

	Read about Formalist at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Formalist and learn about Formalist here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		philosophy of mathematics a formalist is a person who belongs to the school of
		The term is often used generally in the Arts, but has become a familiar term in modern
		In film studies, formalism is a trait in filmmaking, which overtly uses the language of film, such as
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Formalist (249 words)

	LEON TROTSKY Literature and Revolution Chapter 5— The Formalist School Of Poetry And Marxism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Having declared form to be the essence of poetry, this school reduces its task to an analysis (essentially descriptive and semi-statistical) of the etymology and syntax of poems, to the counting of repetitive vowels and consonants, of syllables and epithets.
		But the Formalists are not content to ascribe to their methods a merely subsidiary, serviceable and technical significance—similar to that which statistics has for social science, or the microscope for the biological sciences.
		But the Formalists (and their greatest genius was Kant) do not look at the dynamics of development, but at a cross-section of it, on the day and at the hour of their own philosophic revelation.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/1924/lit_revo/ch05.htm (5375 words)

	The use and abuse of literary theory
		There's a tendency to consider formalist poetry "higher" than free verse which in turn is more elevated than prose.
		In Formalist work the choice of form is sometimes questioned, but (I feel) not often enough.
		The odd rhyme or line of meter may be effective but much of the rest is there for the ride (similarly in free-form, a poem may have an effective line-break or 2, seemingly forcing all the other lines to have line-breaks in similar places).
	www2.eng.cam.ac.uk /~tpl/texts/theoryabuse.html (891 words)

	The formalist/free avant-garde/mainstream UK/US splits
		It's understandable when outsiders describe a formalist poem as "mechanical" or a free verse piece as "sprawling" - these are alternative (albeit derogatory) terms for characteristic features of the types.
		On the face of it, formalist and free verse have access to much the same poetic effects (rhythm, rhyme, imagery, voice, etc) so one might expect critiques to be similar.
		When Formalists comment on free verse they won't criticise the lack of "form" but they might bemoan the lack of the secondary characteristics that they're used to.
	www2.eng.cam.ac.uk /~tpl/texts/ukus.html (1385 words)

	The Rise and Fall of (Post-)Modern
		In an insight missing from much of the Formalist rhetoric that followed, Bell described the aesthetic response as the "expression of that emotion which is the vital force in every religion." (Bell, "Art," 1914) In a concern for the cognitive significance of the perception of form, the Formalist aesthetic isolated the spiritual enigma in art.
		For the Formalist, the painting was a crossroads between the empirical and spiritual and between the rational and symbolic.
		Where the Formalist's intent was to enrapture the viewer, the Structuralist was content to challenge the established priorities of art at a theoretical level.
	www.westland.net /venice/art/cronk/riseandfall.htm (2924 words)

	Legal Theory Annex
		So a perfectly formalist left-wing judge and a perfectly formalist right-wing judge should be in exactly the same place on the graph.
		Yes, if perfect formalist juding were possible, then as judges grow more formalist, their decisions will converge on the same outcomes in the cases they decide.
		The outcomes reached by formalist outcomes will be preferred by the left in some cases and the right in others.
	legaltheoryannex.blogspot.com /2003_05_11_legaltheoryannex_archive.html (642 words)

	AS/SA Nº 8, p.441; Zelechow: "The Formalist Film-Maker with a Subtext"
		However, in the formalist work of Robbe- Grillet breaking the code yields a communication that the buried past cannot, must not, be unearthed.
		What is of particular interest and significance is that their project remains within the framework of aesthetic formalism engendering acute tension between the desire to reveal everything and the human exigency to shield oneself from the memory of the painful burden of the shoah.
		The tropes signifying the wound's expressions are linguistic homelessness and silence.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /french/as-sa/ASSA-No8/BZ1.html (808 words)

	Longman Anthology of Short Fiction Online Chapter 1 -- FORMALIST CRITICISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Brooks demonstrates the formalist method through his analytical close reading of a number of poems, through which he shows how each part must be understood within the context of the "organic whole" of the work.
		This collection includes "Technique as Discovery" and "Fiction and the Analogical Matrix'", in which Schorer demonstrates that the formalist approach is as applicable to fictional prose as it is to poetry.
		This collection brings together essays by the original proponents of formalist criticism (including Cleanth Brooks, John Crowe Ransom, and Robert Penn Warren) and essays by late 20th century literary critics, who reflect on the impact, evolution, and contemporary relevance of formalism.
	occawlonline.pearsoned.com /bookbind/pubbooks/gioialasf_abl/chapter1/custom10/deluxe-content.html (261 words)

	formalist catcher in the rye: syllabusessays.com- syllabus essays, syllabus term papers, syllabus research papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		On syllabusessays.com there are hundreds of free essay abstracts written by your fellow college students on formalist catcher in the rye.
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	syllabusessays.com /cat/paper/228/formalist-catcher-in-the-rye.html (424 words)

	Hegel's Phenomenology, Formalist Philology, And The Fortunes Of The Dialectic (Revised)
		But what Hegel is in fact doing is setting the Terror, the consequence of absolute freedom as a less-than-asymptotic goal, apart from enlightenment as its "contrary"; and this is both a more conservative and more radical doctrine than is usually attributed to Hegel.
		The Lesson Of Russian Formalism Of all the schools of thought that "flourished" in the Soviet Union, the one of most contemporary interest in the United States is that of the Russian "formalist" theorists of language and literature.
		The "Bakhtin group" was by no means the first Russian intellectual group (and this signifies collectives with extra-scholarly members) to engage with formalist problematics; one of their major publications, The Formal Method In Literary Scholarship, is devoted to examining the work of the OJOPAZ group.
	www.forum-one.org /new-5167082-4343.html (6227 words)

	WALTER BENN MICHAELS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		And, of course, Susan Sontag was far from arguing against formalist criticism; her only complaint was that it wasn't formalist enough.
		The central thrust of his position was not completely to deny the relevance of authorial intention but rather to limit what would be allowed to count as evidence of that intention to the work itself.
		As such, the polemic against intention was part of the more broadly formalist polemic against discussion of the aesthetic object in what were perceived as fundamentally non-aesthetic terms (historical, biographical, psychological, etc.).
	www.tau.ac.il /humanities/publications/poetics/art/aga3.html (3912 words)

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