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	Fort Amsterdam
		Fort Amsterdam, 1626, New York County, New York.
		British renamed Fort James Aug 1664 until 1687-1703 when it was renamed Fort George.
		Briefly reoccupied by the Dutch 1673-74 as Fort Willem Hendrick.
	www.dmna.state.ny.us /forts/fortsA_D/amsterdamFort.htm (101 words)

	Willemstad: World Heritage Properties: Fort Amsterdam
		Fort Amsterdam consists of the Fort, constructed from 1635 and the buildings inside it, i.e., the Governor's Palace, the Fort Church from 1766 - 1769 and the former General Secretariat from 1857 - 1858, currently the Council of Ministers.
		Fort Amsterdam is of general interest for the history of the island on the strength of its value for architectural and cultural history.
		Fort Amsterdam is one of the oldest buildings on the island and is the oldest fort built by the West Indian Company (W I C) on Curaçao.
	www.geocities.com /willemstadorg/WHWstad/Wilprop/prop01.htm (375 words)

	New York Forts: page 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Dutch regained the colony and renamed the fort in 1673 to Fort Willem Hendrick.
		The fort was partially destroyed in 1776 by Patriot forces in order to try to prevent the British from effectively using the defenses should they capture the fort, which they then did rather easily.
		It was a rough parallelogram with bastions in the northwest and southwest angles, and a square bulge flanking the eastern wall.
	www.geocities.com /naforts/nycity.html (3033 words)

	Battles of New York
		Fort Herkimer was attacked and captured by French and Indians under Belletre in 1757.
		Fort Niagara and Fort Oswego were specially troublesome to the Mohawk Valley, and Fort Carleton, a new and strong work, built in '78 was well placed for sudden raids.
		This place (Fort Plain) was included in the Canajoharie settlement, and in 1780 felt severely the vengeance of the Tories and Indians, inflicted in return for the terrible desolation wrought by an army under Sullivan, the previous year, in the Indian country west of the white settlements.
	www.fortklock.com /Battles.htm (13346 words)

	Promotion of Monuments in Curaçao (PROMO) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In the Fort were located the dwellings of the troops, the garrison's church, warehouses and water reservoirs.
		Up till 1825 Fort Amsterdam was a heavily armed fortification that dominated the entrance to the harbour and protected the city.
		The north-eastern bastion is freely accessible from the Fort's courtyard and by a staircase at the outside of the bastion.
	www.monumento.com /1999/omd_fort_adam.html (357 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		THE FORT The fort at Garden Street (1612) was a block-house surrounded by palisades, or, in the language of the times, "stockadoes." The fort erected by the West India Company under Kieft at the lower end of the island was of similar description: but it was the first building intended to be permanent.
		During colonial and provincial times, the fort was the centre of political action, and, to a great extent, owing to its being the official residence of the governor, of the social life as well.
		The fort was dismantled, and on the fifteenth, the British occupied the city.
	www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com /Manhattan/Broadway/Fort.html (1705 words)

	Fort Amsterdam & Fort Kerk :: Gowealthy.com
		The fort contained wooden structures like the garrison's church, dwellings of the troops, warehouses and water reservoirs.
		Fort Amsterdam was a heavily armed fortification with 13 guns, of which four were heavy, in the southwestern bastion.
		Also located within the Fort Amsterdam in the capital city of Willemstad, the Fortkerk has a church that dates back to 1771, former warehouses under the church and a museum.
	www.gowealthy.com /article/436/index.asp (256 words)

	Other Slave Castles
		Fort Christianborg was originally built in 1525 by the Swedes as a lodge, but in 1660 it was taken by the Dutch.
		The land Fort Nassau sits on was originally used between 1595 and 1600 for a small unfortified lodge to trade gold, but in 1610 the fort was attacked by the Portuguese and burnt to the ground.
		This fort was built by the Danes, captured by the Dutch in 1725 and renamed Fort Hollandia, and abandoned by in 1815.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~rmcamara/page9.html (559 words)

	The Battery: Historic Timeline
		Fort James captured by the Dutch; briefly held as Fort Willem Hendrick.
		Fort James, renamed successively Fort William, Fort Anne and Fort George, serves as the administrative center of the Province of New York.
		Fort George demolished and the Battery is extended as a public promenade.
	www.thebattery.org /battery/timeline.html (600 words)

	Fort Amsterdam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fort Amsterdam was the name of the Dutch fort that was constructed on the southern tip of Manhattan in 1625.
		The fort was primarily intended to protect the New Netherland colony operations in the Hudson River against attack from the English and the French.
		The building of the fort commenced in 1625, under the direction of Willem Verhulst, the second director of the New Netherland colony and his chief engineer Cryn Fredericksz.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fort_Amsterdam (415 words)

	New Amsterdam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was the name of the 17th century town which grew outside of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island in the New Netherland territory (1614–1674) which was situated between 38 and 42 degrees latitude as a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic since 1624.
		The 1625 date of the founding of New Amsterdam is now commemorated in the Official Seal of the City of New York (formerly, the year on the seal was 1664, the year of the provisional Articles of Transfer, ensuring freedom of religion, negotiated with the English by Petrus Stuyvesant and his council).
		While the originally designed large fort, meant to contain the population as in a fortified city, was being constructed, the Mohawk–Mahican War at the top of the Hudson led the company to relocate the settlers from there to the vicinity of the new Fort Amsterdam.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_Amsterdam (2274 words)

	Manhattan Section - Fort Amsterdam
		Maintaining the fort was to remain an issue throughout the life of the colony.
		And so, humble though it was, we owe to Fort Amsterdam the survival of the records of this vital period in American history.
		Fort Amsterdam was a West India Company outpost, founded originally to help the company fight the war against Spain.
	www.nnp.org /vtour/regions/Manhattan/fort-amsterdam.html (445 words)

	Dutch Colonization
		Fort Orange, the northernmost of the Dutch outposts, is known today as Albany; New York City's original name was New Amsterdam, and the New Netherland's third major settlement, Wiltwyck, is known today as Kingston.
		The settlers farmed the fertile flood plains of the Esopus Creek side-by-side with the Esopus Indians, the original settlers of the area.
		The colony was proving quite profitable, New Amsterdam had developed into a port town of 1500 citizens, and the incredibly diverse population (only 50 percent were actually Dutch colonists) of the colony had grown from 2,000 in 1655 to almost 9,000 in 1664.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm (1417 words)

	Amsterdam NL Hotels: Discount Amsterdam Hotel Reservations
		Amsterdam NL hotels from the City-State Hotels network and guides.
		Each city we cover provides incredible deals on hotels, and we've developed a great site for Amsterdam.
		Our team of lodging and hotel experts has compiled a comprehensive list of hotels, including pictures, property information, handicap info, family info, pets, concierge and much more.
	www.nl-amsterdam-hotels.com (98 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The settlers at Fort Orange were terrified, and were about to flee to Manhattan in their boats, when Barentsten, a very popular trader, arrived, and received a deputation of Mohawks, who came to justify their deed.
		He opened a cask of wine at the gate of the fort, assembled the people there, drank a full glass himself and called upon those who loved him and their prince to follow his example and assist in protecting him from the violence which the Englishman had committed.
		A spacious stone church was built within the fort and it was a gala day in New Amsterdam when the Connecticut architect hung the Spanish bells captured at Porto Rico in the little tower, and the governor gave a supper to the builders and the city magistrates.
	www.angelfire.com /ca6/minuteman/chapter026.htm (4713 words)

	Geographia Caribbean - Curacao Exploring
		Fort Beekenburg, built in 1703 to defend the outer bays, has been well preserved, and its main tower is still standing.
		Fort Waakzaamheid was beseiged by Captain Bligh of "Mutiny On the Bounty" fame in 1804, and an English cannonball is still imbedded in one of its walls.
		Fort Nassau, which was named for the Dutch Royal House of Orange, was built in 1797 and has been preserved in close to its original state, with the recent addition of a restaurant and discotheque.
	www.geographia.com /curacao/exploring.htm (1171 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Essays: The United States of America and the Netherlands: Nieuw Amsterdam (4/14)
		The Nieuw Nederland anchored near Fort Nassau in the Hudson, at a place called Maeykans, which means `Home of the Mohicans.' The same year, 1624, another fortress, Fort Orange, was built on the shore not far from there.
		In 1625, eleven years after Fort Nassau was founded, a fort was put up on Manhattan Island and ships brought farmers from Holland who were to supply the food for its garrison.
		As soon as the moat surrounding the fort was completed, the fort-to-be was christened Amsterdam after the capital of The Netherlands, and the new town around it, Nieuw Amsterdam, which some time later would be renamed New York City.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/E/newnetherlands/nl3.htm (908 words)

	Lambert Van Valckenburgh in New Amsterdam
		The house and garden location close under the southern wall of Fort Amsterdam was of such prominence and interest as to merit further notice.
		The distance from the fort to the harbor was much less then than it is now.
		As Lambert van Valckenburch was the first grantee of this land, and, as when he sold it in 1656 to Isaac Gravenraedt (Greveract), his house thereon was sold with the land, It is conceived that he built the house.
	www.vanvalkenburg.org /lambert-manhattan.html (830 words)

	Who is Peter Stuyvesant?
		Drums were beaten and cannon were fired in the fort in which the church was situated, while the people were worshipping; and the communicants were insulted.
		Accompanied by his suite of officers, he went to Fort Nassau, on the New Jersey side of the Delaware, whence he sent to Printz, the governor of New Sweden, an abstract of the title of the Dutch to the domain, and called a council of the Indian chiefs in the neighborhood.
		A council of the inhabitants was immediately held at the fort, and the sachems of the invaders were summoned before them.
	www.publicbookshelf.com /public_html/Our_Country_Vol_1/whoispet_gi.html (3769 words)

	Fort William Henry in New York
		This fort was originally built as Fort Amsterdam by the Dutch in 1626.
		Generally, forts were named after the rulers of England, or other high officials, and the names were changed as the officeholders changed.
		The dramatic event described in the main document probably occurred to the west of the fort, between the fort and the Hudson River.
	dekester.home.mindspring.com /fortny.htm (297 words)

	New York City, New York
		Fort Amsterdam was built to protect the little colony.
		In 1653, the year that New Amsterdam was incorporated as a city, Stuyvesant built a wooden palisade where Wall Street is located today, to mark the northern city limit.
		In 1664, as a result of the ongoing struggle between the British and the Dutch, New Amsterdam was forced to surrender to Col. Richard Nicolls on September 8, 1664.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h2122.html (1093 words)

	Conklin Family History
		But after several years of residing in Amsterdam, where their children began to acquire passive Dutch ways, the Pilgrims returned to England, still searching for a place to practice their religion unchallenged.
		One of the first Dutch settlements in America was a trading post named Fort Nassau, which was constructed on the upper Hudson at Castle Island, but in the spring of 1617 flood destroyed the post, and it had to be rebuilt.
		He choose Manhattan Island for the construction of "Fort Amsterdam" and the settlement that grew around this fort was named New Amsterdam.
	webpages.charter.net /treinhardt/surnames/conklin/conkstory.html (2329 words)

	A Brief Outline of the History of New Netherland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		It is estimated about 270 lived in the area surrounding Fort Amsterdam, primarily working as farmers, while about 30 were at Fort Orange, the center of the Hudson valley fur trade with the Mohawks.
		The New Amsterdam pastors brought this situation to the attention of the Director General, Pieter Stuyvesant at the end of 1655, requesting the services be halted.
		Both the city of New Amsterdam and the entire colony were renamed New York, while Fort Amsterdam was renamed Fort James and Fort Orange became Fort Albany.
	www.coins.nd.edu /ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/NNHistory.html (4532 words)

	OP DYCK GENEALOGY
		His repeated appointment as Commander of Fort Hope, and the incident at the Stadt Huys, show that he was a man of known courage, yet wise and prudent.
		An Amsterdam company made an excellent map of the Dutch discoveries from Latitude 40° to 45° and given an exclusive grant for a time; the country was named New Netherland, and Dutch vessels explored and traded here largely.
		Was baptised July 27, 1644, in the Dutch Church of New Amsterdam in the presence of Governor Kieft and Secretary van Tienhoven, sponsors.
	www.heritagepursuit.com /OpDyck/OpDyckWeselAmerican.htm (17282 words)

	National Park Service - Explorers and Settlers (Historical Background)
		He founded about a dozen new posts and settlements along the Delaware River in a 15- to 20-mile radius around Fort Christina, and moved the capital from the fort to one of the islands at the mouth of the Schuylkill River, Tinicum Island, near the site of Philadelphia.
		Fort Christina and the other posts soon joined in the surrender, and New Sweden became a part of New Netherland.
		In temperance was widespread in Nieuw Amsterdam; one-fourth of all the buildings were "brandy shops, tobacco or beer houses." While not attempting to prohibit alcoholic beverages, Stuyvesant did restrict their sale for certain hours on Sundays.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/explorers/intro20.htm (1420 words)

	This Country of Ours Ch. 36, How New Amsterdam Became New York
		They would sail up the river past the Dutch fort without stopping and displaying their colours, and when challenged, and asked for their reason, replied boldly that they would certainly do it again.
		For in the whole fort there was not enough powder to last one day, from the river front there was absolutely no protection, and on the north there was only a rickety fence three or four feet high.
		Fort Orange became Fort Albany, so named for the Duke of York's second title, and Dutch dominion in North America was at an end.
	www.members.tripod.com /fredpratt/This_Country_of_Ours/ch36.html (2571 words)

	The Atlantic World: Slavery in New Netherland / De Atlantische Wereld: De slavernij in Nieuw Nederland
		The first slaves arrived in 1624 and were used on farms, for public works, and in the construction of Fort Amsterdam.
		In 1637 the Dutch captured the fort of Elmina on the coast of West Africa, enabling them to acquire slaves for their sugar plantations in Brazil.
		In 1637 veroverden de Nederlanders het fort Elmina op de westkust van Afrika, hetgeen hen in staat stelde slaven te rekruteren voor hun suikerplantages in Brazilië.
	international.loc.gov /intldl/awkbhtml/kb-1/kb-1-2-3.html (743 words)

	Amsterdam Hotels * Discount travel Amsterdam hotel reservations online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		When you need to make a reservation, whether it is for a day from now or two months in advance, we have the best rates for your travel.
		Discount Travel is pleased to offer you great rates on Amsterdam hotels, outstanding customer service, and reliable technology.
		Thanks for using the Amsterdam hotels Discount Travel reservation service, and we look forward to helping you with your future hotel needs.
	www.amsterdam--hotels.net (227 words)

	NYNY 1620-1629
		She is captured by two Indians and eventually ransomed by New Amsterdam.
		Bradford writes the government in New Amsterdam, again thanking the Dutch for their hospitality to the Pilgrims.
		Amsterdam pearl merchant Killian van Rensselaer is given the first charter.
	www.home.eznet.net /~dminor/NYNY1620.html (1170 words)

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