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		Fort Ancient Earthworks is situated on the east side of the Little Miami River, on a bluff rising about two hundred and seventy feet above the valley floor.
		The North Fort is connected to the South Fort by a narrow ridge through the Middle Fort, where there is several more burial mounds found in each of these forts with more religious markings and piles of rocks showing marked areas used in their rites.
		Fort Ancient Earthworks like so many others were built by the prehistoric Hopewell peoples two to three centuries before Columbus discovered America.
	klesinger.com /jbp/ftancient.html (950 words)

	Fort Ancient (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Fort Ancient was originally thought to be a later extension of the Mississippian cultures to the southwest but are now generally seen as being contemporaneous.
		Fort ancient is distinguished primarily by ceramic ware typology but also by their small triangular arrow points as well as distinctive shouldered pentagonal flint knives.
		Fort Ancient culture draws to a close in historical times when modern groups such as the Delaware, Miami and Shawnee are recognized in the area.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/northamerica/culture/plains/fort_ancient.html (375 words)

	Ohio Railroad Guide
		Fort Ancient is on the hill above, and of course, invisible from the Railway, or the river.
		Fort Ancient is, in fact, an old, and unknown fortification; one of the most singular of all these ancient remains which have puzzled so many.
		There was, when first seen, around these ancient fortifications, a dreary and painful solitude; a sense of presence, and yet a death-like repose, I recollect well a feeling of awe, when I first passed through Fort Ancient.
	www.railsandtrails.com /OHRRGuide1854/FortAncient.html (1989 words)

	History of Punjab:Ancient Forts of Punjab
		The forts and fortresses, though become very largely obsolete in the context and content of modern warfare, due mostly to vulnerability from the air, were deemed until quite recently as the sine quo non of military defense and the last refuge of a combatant power put sadly on the defensive.
		A muafi of 50 ghumaons of land was assigned for the upkeep of the Gurudwara in the fort.
		The fort was held by the Muslim garrison for thirty five years after which it was recovered by the Hindus who made good the damage to the fort and the buildings comprised in it which it had suffered in the process of this abysmal holocaust and the subsequent occupation.
	www.allaboutsikhs.com /culture/forts.htm (4067 words)

	Fort Ancient - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fort Ancient is a name for a Native American culture that flourished from 1000-1550 among a people who predominantly inhabited land along the Ohio River in areas of southern modern day Ohio and northern Kentucky.
		The Fort Ancient culture was once thought to be an expansion of the Mississippian cultures, but is now accepted as an independently developed culture that was descended from the Hopewell culture (100 BC-AD 500), who were also a Mound Builder people.
		The Fort Ancient are also thought to be responsible for hundreds of burial mounds in the shape of birds and other animals found in Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fort_Ancient (530 words)

	A Fort Ancient Village
		Fort Ancient villages were located along terraces that overlooked rivers and sometimes were located on flood plains (Potter 1968).
		The settlement pattern of the village is composed of three concentric zones (a burial area, a housing area, and a refuse area) that surround a central plaza.
		As research continues, the Fort Ancient village that is excavated by the Anthropology students at Northern Kentucky University may begin to resemble the village in Figure 2.
	www.nku.edu /~anthro/nkuanthromuseum/FAweb/AFortAncientVillage.htm (301 words)

	Fort Ancient State Memorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Fort Ancient State Memorial is located in Southwest Ohio, in the town of Oregonia.
		Fort Ancient was built by the Hopewell Indians long before the first European arrived on the continent.This site was at one time thought to be a defensive structure.
		Fort Ancient and its beautiful artifacts preserve for future generations segments of the culture and artisty of Ohio's primitive peoples.
	www.sidney.k12.oh.us /old/ohio/HistoricSites/ftancient.htm (179 words)

	Fort Ancient, Ohio - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fort Ancient is a collection of American Indian mounds and earthen walls located in Washington Township, Warren County, Ohio, along the eastern shore of the Little Miami River about seven miles southeast of Lebanon on State Route 350.
		The location is named for the Fort Ancient Indians who occupied it from the eleventh century to the fifteenth century.
		The Fort Ancient earthworks were built in three stages over a period estimated at 400 years using the shoulder blades of deer, split elk antler, clam shell hoes and digging sticks to loosen the dirt, and baskets holding 35 to 40 pounds to carry and distribute it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fort_Ancient,_Ohio (510 words)

	Forts Tours in India,Ancient Indian Fort Tours,Ancient Forts in India
		Junagadh Fort built around 1587 to protminiature paintings and other rare items that are several centuries old.
		The Jaisalmer Fort stands almost 100 metres over the city with its 99 bastions, several entrances, a group of Jain Temples from 12th to 15th century.
		Agra Fort, the imposing structure on the banks of the river Yamuna is replete with priceless examples of craftsmanship in the Mughal period, including the beautiful pearl Mosque, it was designed and built by Emperor Akbar in 1565 AD.
	www.vacationsindia.com /forts-all-the-way.html (1898 words)

	Ryan and Rachael: How We Spent Our Summer Vacation - Roadside America
		ODAY WE VISITED Fort Ancient, which is neither a fort (it never served a military purpose), nor is it ancient (it's beyond ancient; it's prehistoric).
		Fort Ancient is the site of a prehistoric community.
		At Sunwatch, they have reproduced the village; here at Fort Ancient there are only the mounds to show where buildings once existed.
	www.ellenjaye.com /01kidsvacation/01fortancient.html (390 words)

	Fort Ancient opens exhibit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Fort Ancient's earthen walls form the largest prehistoric Indian hilltop enclosure in North America.
		One of the first to tour the new exhibits and experiment with computers that tell more about the park's history was Melanie Simkins, 8, of Dry Ridge, Ky. She used a mortar and pestle to grind corn.
		Fort Ancient is seven miles southeast of Lebanon on Ohio 350.
	www.enquirer.com /editions/1998/03/23/ancient.html (424 words)

	Wonderful West Virginia Magazine, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources
		The Fort Ancient people favored river valleys and heavily wooded forests and occupied an area that extended throughout the Ohio Valley from western West Virginia to southeastern Indiana and from southcentral Ohio to northcentral Kentucky.
		The houses were similar in size and structure to the Fort Ancient dwellings, although some were circular and built with bark-covered sapling walls and thatched roofs.
		Some scientists speculate that the Fort Ancients were somehow related to the Kanawha River Moneton and Western Shawnee and that the Monongahela may have evolved into the Arrigahaga or Black Minqua, the Susquehannock or White Minqua, or Tramontane Indians identified as the Honniasontkeronon.
	www.wonderfulwv.com /archives/feb01/fea1.cfm (1016 words)

	Fort Ancient Hopewell Native American Earth Works-Oregonia, Ohio-Warren Co.
		Fort Ancient is one of the most beautiful spots in Ohio.
		Fort Ancient was probably not built as a "fort" for defense.
		Modern archeological evidence suggests that "Fort" Ancient was a ceremonial gathering place for the Hopewell Indians.
	www.shakerwssg.org /fort_ancient_hopewell_native_ame.htm (1101 words)

	Fort Ancient Earthworks
		The Fort Ancient Earthworks are a series of earthen embankments that extend for more than 3 and one half miles around a high bluff along the Little Miami River in southwestern Ohio.
		Although it is called a "fort," it is doubtful that it ever served as a work of defense.
		Recent excavations at Fort Ancient discovered the remains of Hopewell culture houses and ceremonial features both inside and outside of the enclosure walls.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=2404 (369 words)

	OHS - Places - Fort Ancient - New Discoveries 2005
		Society archaeologists identified several locations at Fort Ancient where erosion was damaging the earthworks and selected four of these as high priority candidates for repair and limited restoration.
		It is the first major architectural feature discovered at the Fort Ancient Earthworks since the site was first explored and mapped in the 19th century, and it has the potential to add considerably to our understanding of how ancient Ohioans used this important site.
		Archaeologists from the Society will be at Fort Ancient this spring and summer to observe the work of the contractors who are repairing damaged areas of the earthworks.
	www.ohiohistory.org /places/ftancien/fa-01.html (745 words)

	Fort Ancient State Memorial
		Fort Ancient State Memorial is located on State Route 350 in Oregonia, Ohio.
		There are over 18,000 feet of earthworks at Fort Ancient that were built over 2,000 years ago by the Hopewell Indians.
		However, archeologists have recently dicovered artifacts that indicate humans were living inside the earthen walls of Fort Ancient.
	www.graveaddiction.com /ancient.html (168 words)

	Browsing Store - The Fort Ancient Earthworks: Hopewell Culture in Southwestern Ohio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Fort Ancient Earthworks: Prehistoric Lifeways of the Hopewell Culture in Southwestern Ohio
		The Fort Ancient Earthworks: Prehistoric Lifeways of the Hopewell Culture in Southwestern Ohio, edited by Robert Connolly and Bradley Lepper, presents the startling results of the latest archaeological research to be undertaken at the spectacular Fort Ancient site.
		Fort Ancient is a three-and-a-half-mile long series of embankments of earth surrounding a prominent hilltop in Warren County.
	www.ohiohistorystore.com /browse.cfm/4,324.htm (173 words)

	Stone Pages Archaeo News: Ancient fort in Norfolk gets a new future
		The fort was probably built between two and three thousand years ago and would have been protected by a four-metre deep outer ditch surrounding a bank topped with a wooden palisade.
		Measuring 210m across, the fort is one of the biggest in Norfolk and has some unusual features - the main entrance, to the east, is in line the entrance to the inner ditch and mound, which is rare in Iron Age forts.
		Despite the fort being abandoned for around 1600 years the ditch and mound stood largely undisturbed until they were partially flattened in a 19th century drive to develop agriculture.
	www.stonepages.com /news/archives/001354.html (392 words)

	ScienceDaily: Geophysics, GPS Technology Play Important Roles In Excavation Of Ancient Roman Fort
		Research Recreates Ancient Roman Virtual Reality With 21st Century 3-D Technology (May 21, 2003) -- The remains of Pompeii's ancient villas show that the Romans decorated their villas with extravagant wall paintings of theatre scenes that used tricks of perspective to impress guests with what...
		Ancient Etruscans Unlikely Ancestors Of Modern Tuscans, Statistical Testing Reveals (May 26, 2006) -- For the first time, Stanford researchers have used novel statistical computer modeling to simulate demographic processes affecting the population of Tuscany over a 2,500-year time span.
		Our endless fascination with ancient Egypt owes much to the beauty of the tomb paintings, statuary, temple reliefs, and other magnificent artworks that are the legacy of this remarkable culture.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/10/041025115849.htm (2001 words)

	fort0211 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The newly expanded, $3.5 million Fort Ancient Museum, which debuts March 22, is impressive.
		It will be devoted to recreating the crops of both Hopewell and Fort Ancient cultures, which have been authenticated by remnants found in archaeological investigations, Blosser said.
		It is believed to have had ceremonial significance, and astronomical alignments have been discovered in the north fort, suggesting an ancient mode of tracking the movements of sun and moon.
	www.cincypost.com /living/1998/fort021198.html (424 words)

	Fort Ancient Culture
		1000 A.D. to 1650 A.D. The Fort Ancient culture thrived in southern Ohio and northern Kentucky.
		The Fort Ancient people continued to build small burial mounds, but gradually shifted to burials in a cemetery area with no mounds.
		There is evidence that the Fort Ancient culture built Serpent Mound in Adams County, Ohio.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=1285 (120 words)

	Archaeologists uncover ancient Chinese fort. 04/05/2005. ABC News Online
		Chinese archaeologists have unearthed the ruins of an ancient fort.
		Chinese archaeologists have unearthed the ruins of a 1,700-year-old fort in eastern China's Anhui province.
		The ancient fort, the first ever discovered in Anhui, was constructed between 230 and 233 AD in the territory of the ancient Kingdom of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period (220-280 AD).
	www.abc.net.au /news/newsitems/200505/s1360080.htm (193 words)

	What’s Lost Is Found Again: Virtually Rebuilding Our Heritage
		That text, the Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, was published in 1848 and recorded the abundance of earthworks across the region.
		Fort Ancient in Lebanon, Ohio, is the largest prehistoric hilltop enclosure in the United States and is still extant.
		Ancient cultures need vivid, iconic, architectural images in order to hold a prominent place in the popular imagination.
	www.uc.edu /news/NR.asp?id=3760 (873 words)

	Fort Ancient State Park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Sometime around 1200 AD, the Fort Ancient Indians lived in the fort and built 2 small villages on the out side.
		It is obvious why this area was chosen for the fort.
		The Fort Ancient Museum has attractive displays of religious customs, art and relics from the fort and pre-historic Indian villages.
	www.angelfire.com /ia2/mounds/fort.html (262 words)

	Landguard Fort - Landguard Fort Trust - Felixstowe - Suffolk
		Landguard Fort occupies a commanding position south of Felixstowe at the end of the promontory at the combined mouth of the rivers Stour and Orwell, guarding the approach to Harwich harbours, the Shotley Peninsular and the Port of Ipswich.
		The first fortifcations, built by Henry VIII (1540) took the form of two blockhouses and were constructed to meet the threat of two potential enemies, the Holy Roman Emperor and the King of France.
		The Fort is in the shape of an irregular pentagon with bastions at the angles, and is surrounded by a dry ditch.
	www.landguard.com (427 words)

	Fort Ancient keeps history up-to-date (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Roush, who is part Cherokee, was demonstrating at this weekend's eighth annual Fort Ancient Celebration how to make arrowheads the way ancient American Indians did.
		Despite the soggy ground from Friday's thunderstorms, hundreds of people came to Fort Ancient Saturdayto learn about the many facets of ancient American Indian culture -- from making jewelry and pottery to shooting arrows and playing flutes and drums.
		The Museum at Fort Ancient, which recently underwent a $3.5 million expansion, will be open 10 a.m.-7 p.m.
	www.enquirer.com /editions/1998/06/14/loc_ftancient14.html (428 words)

	GORP - Fort Ancient State Memorial - Ohio Native American Rambles
		Once thought to have been built for defensive purposes, it was given the name Fort Ancient by early archaeologists.
		Fort Ancient was so designated in 1964 because of what it had already revealed and what it potentially could reveal about the heritage of prehistoric Indians.
		A visit to the museum followed by a walk along the walls of this ancient earthwork stimulates visitors of all ages to imagine the life and times of those more directly tied to the resources of the earth.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/publishers/countryman/hik_swohio1.htm (427 words)

	Ancient Stone Fort - Big Beaver Creek - West Virginia (WV) Cyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The so-called "ancient fort" was located near Beckley, WV, in the present-day town of Blue Jay, along (Big) Beaver Creek, in Raleigh County, on a site very near or on the present-day site of the Blue Jay Methodist Church.
		The stone structure was reported torn down by the Blue Jay Lumber Company during the early-1900's and the stone from the "fort" was used in the foundation of an office building, still standing in Blue Jay.
		In 1836, when it was first surveyed and a drawing made by the writer (Alfred Beckley), its walls were pretty well preserved, showing the joints broken, and growing from the ramparts were large pine trees, some four feet in diameter.
	www.wvexp.com /index.php/Ancient_Stone_Fort_-_Big_Beaver_Creek (204 words)

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