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	Gaspard de Coligny Summary
		Coligny assumed the role of spokesman for the French Protestants, and his initial hope was to ally with the queen mother, Catherine de Médicis, and work through her to secure toleration for his fellow Huguenots.
		The king's regard for the admiral, and the bold front of the Huguenots, alarmed the queen-mother; and the massacre of St Bartholomew was the consequence.
		Gaspard de Coligny (1584–1646), son of this Francis, was Marshal of France during the reign of Louis XIII.
	www.bookrags.com /Gaspard_de_Coligny (1580 words)

	[No title]
		Coligny Plaza, about half way through your tour, offers a wide variety of shops, restaurants, speciality stores, bakeries and live entertainment for the whole family (in season).
		Fort Mitchel, deep in Hilton Head Plantation, is the last stop on "Your Scenic Tour." Fort Mitchel, built in 1863, served as a base for the Union Blockade of Confederate supplies to Savannah and Charleston.
		When you are ready to leave the Fort Mitchel area, we recommend that you return to William Hilton Parkway (Highway 278) by simply retracing the same route you followed from William Hilton Parkway to Fort Mitchel.
	hhidining.com /vacation/tour.php (2811 words)

	France Antarctique - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With a fleet of 26 warships and 2,000 soldiers, he attacked and destroyed Fort Coligny within three days, but was unable to drive off their inhabitants and defenders, because they escaped to the mainland with the help of the Indians, where they continued to live and to work.
		Coligny's and Villegaignon's dream had lasted a mere 12 years.
		Largely in response to the two attempts of France to conquer territory in Brazil (the other one was named France Ãquinoxiale and took place in present-day SÃ£o LuÃs, state of MaranhÃ£o), between 1612 and 1615, the Portuguese crown decided to step up the colonization of Brazil and upgrade its status.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/France_Antarctique (612 words)

	Articles - Gaspard de Coligny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the campaign of 1543 Coligny distinguished himself, and was wounded at the sieges of MontmÃ©dy and Bains.
		The king's regard for the admiral, and the bold front of the Huguenots, alarmed the queen-mother; and the massacre of St Bartholomew was the consequence.
		Gaspard de Coligny (1584-1646), son of this Francis, was marshal of France during the reign of Louis XIII.
	www.kamero.net /articles/Gaspard_de_Coligny (867 words)

	Fort Coligny - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fort Coligny was a fortress founded by Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1555, in what constituted the so-called France Antarctique historical episode.
		For protection against attacks by hostile Indians and the Portuguese, Villegaignon built the fortress with the help of the 500 colonists who travelled with him in two ships armed by the king of France, on a small island called Serigipe by the Indians of the region, near the mouth of the large Guanabara Bay.
		After the foundation of Rio de Janeiro in 1567 by EstÃ¡cio de SÃ¡, a new fortress was built there by the Portuguese, in order to defend the mouth of the Guanabara Bay, by crossing fire with two other fortresses, GuajarÃ¡ and Santa Cruz.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fort_Coligny (297 words)

	FLORIDA OF THE FRENCH</HEAD>
		Coligny was a clever statesman and a trusted maritime advisor to the Bourbon king, Charles IX.
		Coligny convinced Charles IX that France's future success as a nation depended upon competing with Spain and Portugal for American colonies.
		While the fort was protected by moats on the forest side, an enemy could evaluate the interior defenses by controling the high bluff adjacent to the fort.
	www.floridahistory.org /floridians/french.htm (1478 words)

	St. Augustine - Historic Landmarks
		He was to have the title of Adelantado of the country, as also to be entitled to a Marquis and his heirs after him, to have a tract of land, receive a salary of 2000 ducats, a percentage of the royal duties, and have the freedom of all the other ports of New Spain.
		That old fort which they are now repairing, to fit it for receiving a garrison, was a sort of ruin, for the outworks had partly fallen, and it stood unoccupied by the military, a venerable monument of the Spanish dominion.
		But in another corner of the fort, we were taken to look at the secret cells, which were discovered a few years since in consequence of the sinking of the earth over a narrow apartment between them.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles16/america-11.shtml (2329 words)

	Charlesfort (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In early 1562, Gaspard Coligny de Châtillon, the Admiral of France, dispatched the Norman mariner Jean Ribault to lead two royal ships and 150 men to survey the east coast of North America and locate a site for a future French colony.
		Over the next fourteen months, mutiny, conflict with the local Indians, and shortages of food threatened the survival of the fort, and it was decided to abandon the area.
		A few months later, Coligny sponsored a second and larger French colonization attempt, on the St. John's River in Florida, which lasted a year before being captured by Spanish troops.
	www.scencyclopedia.org /charlesfort.htm (286 words)

	WebRoots Library U.S. History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The contrast was deplorable; for within the precinct of Fort Caroline a homesick, squalid band, dejected and worn, dragged their shrunken limbs about the sun-scorched area, or lay stretched in listless wretchedness under the shade of the barracks.
		The fort was in a ruinous state, with the palisade on the water side broken down, and three breaches in the rampart.
		Issuing from the woods, they descended towards the fort, and, as with beating hearts their comrades watched the result, a troop of Spaniards rushed out, hewed them down with swords and halberds, and dragged their bodies to the brink of the river, where the victims of the massacre were already flung in heaps.
	www.webroots.org /library/usahist/pofitnw2.html (18886 words)

	GREAT EPOCHS IN AMERICAN HISTORY
		The fort was stormed; Laudonnière and a few others escaped to the shore and were picked up by one of Ribault's vessels returning from its unsuccessful expedition.
		Each was successively seized, the garrison slain or made prisoners, and as each fort fell those in the next could only make vague guesses as to the extent of the danger.
		Coligny's first attempt was made in 1555, when two shiploads of Huguenot immigrants (290 persons), under Villegagnon, were sent to Brazil.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/topic/preservation/epochs/vol2/pg3.htm (2619 words)

	AllRefer.com - Jean Ribaut (U.S. History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		When Gaspard de Coligny decided to plant a French colony as an asylum for Huguenots in the New World, he appointed Ribaut to lead the expedition.
		Queen Elizabeth I of England, after urging him to join Thomas Stucley in establishing an English colony in Florida, accused Ribaut of planning to escape to France with the ships, and he was for some time imprisoned in the Tower of London.
		However, RenE de LaudonniEre in 1564 established a new post, Fort Caroline, near the mouth of the St. Johns.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/Ribaut.html (454 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The fort consisted of seven palm thatched buildings surrounded by a triangular wall of earth and logs.
		But he did promise that as soon as the fort was completed the men could go in search of La Roquette's magical mines, and that he would send two boats along the coast to barter with the Indians for provisions.
		Laudonnière freed of his malcontents, was getting things back in order at Fort Caroline when, on March 25, 1565, friendly Indians rushed to tell him that there was a ship standing off the coast.
	www.lft.k12.la.us /chs/la_studies/ParishSeries/Exploration/FortCaroline.htm (863 words)

	Brazilian Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The French fortify a small island (Fort Coligny) at the mouth of the bay and call their colony Antarctic France.
		Their island fort is entirely protected by cliffs or walls (built by Indian labour), except one small harbour which is protected by gun emplacements.
		The completed fort, now named Reis Magos ('Fort of the Magi'), is left under the command of a mameluco Jerónimo de Albuquerque, and Coelho marches back to (northern-eastern) Paraíba storming Potiguar villages on the way.
	www.balagan.org.uk /war/1492/brazil/chronology.htm (9604 words)

	Encyclopedia: France Antarctique (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ipanema beach Cristo Redentor A NASA satellite image of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro (meaning River of January in Portuguese) is the name of both a state and a city in southeastern Brazil.
		Gaspard de Coligny (February 16, 1519 – August 24, 1572), Seigneur (Lord) de Châtillon, admiral of France and Protestant leader, came of a noble family of Burgundy.
		Download high resolution version (600x639, 194 KB)Island of Villegagnon - Fort Coligny under attack by Portuguese File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/France-Antarctique (2169 words)

	[No title]
		At length he drove them from the fort, and forced them to bivouac on the mainland, at the risk of being butchered by Indians, until a vessel loading with Brazil-wood in the harbor should be ready to carry them back to France.
		Coligny's colonists were of a different stamp, and widely different was their fate.
		In finishing the fort, in building two new vessels to replace those of which they had been robbed, and in various intercourse with the tribes far and near, the weeks passed until the twenty-fifth of March, when an Indian came in with the tidings that a vessel was hovering off the coast.
	www.jamesgoulding.com /americanhistoryebooks/Colonial_Period/pioneers_of_france_in_the_new_world.txt (21131 words)

	JEAN RIBAULT (or RIBAUT) - LoveToKnow Article on JEAN RIBAULT (or RIBAUT) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Appointed by Admiral Coligny to the command of an expedition to prepare an asylum for French Protestants in America, Ribault sailed on the 18th of February 1562, with two vessels.
		In 1565 Ribault was again sent out to satisfy Coligny as to Laudonnires management of his new settlement, Fort Caroline, on the Rivire de Mai.
		The fort had by this time fallen into the hands of the Spaniards, who had slaughtered all the colonists except a few who got off with two ships under Ribaults son.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /R/RI/RIBAULT_or_RIBAUT_JEAN.htm (336 words)

	RAPLEE, JANSSEN, COLET, COLIGNY FAMILY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		History of Admiral Coligny and his Family by M. Jean III held allegiance to Louis XI against the duc of Bourgogne, Charles the Téméraire.
		He was the first of the lords of Coligny who made their residence in France and to Châtillon-sur-Loing; in spite of that, his family preserved always the names and titles of Coligny and d'Andelot in remeberence of the ancient properties, seigneuriales of the county of Bresse.
		Gaspard Coligny was the Govenor of Picardie where a John Colet was a lord of Noyen in Picarde.
	nortvoods.net /raplee.html (3424 words)

	Encyclopedia: Guanabara Bay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		After its initial discovery, no significant European settlements were established until French colonist and soldiers, under the Huguenot Admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon invaded the region in 1555 to establish the France Antarctique.
		After they were expelled by Portuguese military expeditions in 1563, the colonial government built fortifications in several points of Guanabara Bay, rendering it almost impregnable against a naval attack from the sea.
		They were the Santa Cruz, São João, Lajes and Villegaignon forts, forming a fearsome crossfire rectangle of big naval guns.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Guanabara-Bay (563 words)

	[No title]
		These men later abandon the fort and are found adrift near England after having cannibalized one of their group.
		Two forts are built west of town along the railroad: Ft. Montgomery and Higginson.
		Federal troops are under the direction of men who invision a fl state in Florida after the a war and by Lyman Stickney the Tax Commisioner who had run out of confiscated rebel property to sell in Fernandina and St. Augustine (he got a percentage of profits from the sales).
	www.teuse.net /games/vampire/personal/timelines/jaxhis.html (3519 words)

	or RIBAULT Ribaut
		He was reputed an experienced naval officer when he proposed to Admiral Gaspar de Coligny, the chief of the Protestants in France, to establish colonies in unexplored countries, where they would be at liberty to practise the reformed religion.
		His vessels were scarcely out of sight when trouble arose in the colony; Albert was murdered, and the survivors, headed by Nicolas de la Barre, after difficulties with the Indians, who burned the fort and destroyed their provisions, constructed a small bark in which they set sail.
		The Spanish conceived the plan of attacking Fort Caroline by land, and captured it by surprise.
	www.famousamericans.net /orribaultribaut (928 words)

	Andre Isles
		Admiral Coligny, having resolved to secure hinds in America, where the French Protestants could be at liberty to enjoy their religion, gave Des Isles in 1560 two vessels, with orders to discover some convenient locality not occupied by European settlers.
		They found the fort destroyed and its garrison dead, but rebuilt it and named it Fort Royal, and Des Isles was left in command of the place with 250 men.
		Des Isles, supported by Ribaut, refused to relinquish the fort, and when he was compelled to do so established a new colony at the mouth of Toubachire.
	www.famousamericans.net /andreisles (548 words)

	Floripedia: French Colony
		Their leader, the great Admiral Coligny, had for a long time wished to establish a safe home for them in America, where they would be free to worship God in their own faith.
		A small fort was built and called Fort Caroline in honor of King Charles of France.
		The fort was triangular, and was built entirely of sand and logs.
	fcit.coedu.usf.edu /florida/docs/f/frenchcol.htm (1379 words)

	coligny - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "coligny" is defined.
		COLIGNY : 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [home, info]
		Phrases that include coligny: gaspard de coligny, coligny gaspard de, admiral coligny, coligny calendar, gaspard coligny, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=coligny (95 words)

	A Brief History of the United States By John Bach McMaster- Chapter 5 from Nalanda Digital Library at NIT Calicut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Then (1562) Admiral Coligny (co-leen'ye), the leader of the Huguenots, or Protestants of France, sought to plant a colony in America for his persecuted countrymen, and sent forth an expedition under Ribaut (ree-bo').
		Unable to endure their hardships longer, the colonists built a crazy boat, {1} put to sea, and when off the French coast were rescued by an English vessel.
		He landed in Florida in 1565 and built a fort which was the beginning of St. Augustine, the first permanent settlement on the mainland part of the United States.
	www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in /resources/english/etext-project/history/briefusa/chapter5.html (2878 words)

	In 1562 Admiral Coligny, head of the Protestant party in France sent out an expedition under Captain Jean Ribaut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Rene de Laudonniere, a relative of Admiral Coligny, mounted a second expedition in 1564.
		The second expedition constructed Fort Caroline on St. John’s bluff, over the May River.
		A storm smashed the French Fleet and Menendez captured the fort.
	web2.mgc.edu /probards/French.htm (240 words)

	Explorers and Settlers - Fort Caroline
		The desire for permanency was illustrated by the inclusion of women, of whom at least four had husbands.
		He chose the location for the settlement of Fort de la Caroline in 1562.
		Le Moyne was one of the few who escaped from Fort de la Caroline when the Spanish attacked in 1565.
	www.nps.gov /timu/indepth/foca/foca_people.htm (332 words)

	Jean Ribaut
		in 1564 established a new post, Fort Caroline, near the mouth of the St. Johns.
		With Fort Caroline virtually undefended, Menéndez marched overland and killed most of the colonists.
		Coligny, Gaspard de Châtillon, comte de (The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition)
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0841765.html (497 words)

	Historical Text Archive: E-Books : The Pioneers of France in t...: 2: Part 1: Chapter II
		An ecclesiastical republic spread its ramifications through France, and grew underground to a vigorous life,—pacific at the outset, for the great body of its members were the quiet bourgeoisie, by habit, as by faith, averse to violence.
		In anticipation of future triumphs, the whole continent, by a strange perversion of language, was called Antarctic France, while the fort received the name of Coligny.
		They hailed every vessel weaker than themselves, pretended to be short of provisions, and demanded leave to buy them; then, boarding the stranger, plundered her from stem to stern.
	www.historicaltextarchive.com /books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=40&cid=2 (2566 words)

	Ribaut, Jean. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		However, René de Laudonnière in 1564 established a new post, Fort Caroline, near the mouth of the St. Johns.
		The Spanish, alarmed by the activities of these Frenchmen and heretics, dispatched Pedro Menéndez de Avilés to drive them out.
		Ribaut’s fleet avoided a fight with Menéndez at the mouth of the St. Johns, and the Spanish sailed to Saint Augustine.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ri/Ribaut.html (395 words)

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