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Topic: Fort Cumberland

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	(GC37CB) Fort Cumberland Virtual Cache by Trailguy
		Fort Cumberland played a significant role during the French and Indian War (1756 – 1763), primarily as a depot and rallying point for British and colonial supplies and troops headed for the Ohio Valley to fight against the French and Indians.
		The fort was built as a direct result of hostilities between the French and British over control of the Ohio Valley.
		Washington began and ended his active military career at Fort Cumberland, and at one time, our city and county were both named for Washington "Washington Town and Washington County." While you are visiting this cache.
	www.geocaching.com /seek/cache_details.aspx?pf=y&guid=a4f6da58-3742-4139-966f-2404ea13ce16&log=n&decrypt= (802 words)

	Fort Cumberland, Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It was the last bastioned fort built in the UK, and the first to incorporate casemates in the curtain walls to house the garrison.
		An original fort in the star shape of a wide pentagon was built in 1746 by the 24 year old Duke of Cumberland, to counter a proposed French attack upon Portsmouth from Langstone Harbour, was built of earth and had a wooden stockade.
		This was the same year in which on the 16th of April the newly created Duke, the third son of George II, ended the '45' Jacobite pursuing the Highlanders into the mountains of Inverness to the fateful moor of Culloden in Inverness-shire.
	www.hants.gov.uk /discover/places/cumberland.html (372 words)

	Fort Beauséjour - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is approximately 8 kilometres east of the town of Sackville on a ridge overlooking the Tantramar Marshes.
		Fort Beauséjour was among the northernmost and easternmost of a series of French forts in North America which were built along the Mississippi and Ohio valleys and in the Great Lakes to contain British expansion into French territory.
		Ernest Clarke, The Siege of Fort Cumberland, 1776, 1995.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fort_Cumberland_(Canada) (888 words)

	Fort Ashby (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Fort Ohio was built in 1749 at Ridgely, on the West Virginia side of the Potomac, but was abandoned when Fort Cumberland was erected about 1754, directly across the river in Maryland.
		Fort Ashby was one of a score of such defenses that played a vital role in 18th-century history.
		A factor in the survival of Fort Ashby, or the portion remaining, was its use as a dwelling.
	www.wvculture.org /hiStory/settlement/fortashby02.html (1899 words)

	Battle Report from Fort Henry - 4th Illinois Cavalry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Fort Henry stood on the right bank of the river, in a slight bend, commanding a straight stretch of the river for several miles in either direction.
		Back of the fort was a second line of earthworks, in front of which the timber had been felled to form an abatis, and below the fort a line of rifle- pits extended from the river bank to the second line of works.
		In the fort an 80pound shell disabled every man at one of the guns, a premature explosion of a 42-pounder killed 3 men and wounded several others while 4 of the guns were dismounted by shots from the fleet.
	www.angelfire.com /ca3/4thillinoiscavalry/forthenry.html (673 words)

	Fort BeausÃ©jour
		Fort Beauséjour, on the west bank of the Missaguash River near present-day Sackville, New Brunswick was built 1751-55 by the French as a counter to nearby British Fort Lawrence (near Amherst, NS).
		Fort Beauséjour was in poor condition in June 1755 when an attacking force of Massachusetts volunteers and British regulars laid siege.
		Some repairs were made to the fort at the beginning of the WAR OF 1812, and a military presence remained there until 1833.
	www.canadianencyclopedia.ca /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0002925 (162 words)

	History of Nova Scotia; Book.2; Part 2; Ch. 12, The Eddy Rebellion at Cumberland (November, 1776)."
		Fort Edward at Windsor was to receive into its garrison the "Royal Highland Emigrants" and Colonel Joseph Goreham was sent to Fort Cumberland4 with the "Fencibles."5
		Though Collier and Arbuthnot are written up as dismissing the action at Fort Cumberland as not much to worry about, there was, within weeks of the event, that December, four British war ships sent to the head of the Bay of Fundy.
		If the attack on Fort Cumberland had failed, which indeed it had, then the effect would be only to dampen down any appetite throughout the province for revolution; which is precisely the effect that it did have.
	www.blupete.com /Hist/NovaScotiaBk2/Part2/Ch12.htm (1970 words)

	Fort Heiman
		Fort Henry was built on the east bank of the Tennessee.
		Fort Heiman was abandoned and the Confederate troops moved to Fort Henry.
		When Fort Henry and Donelson fell, the Cumberland River was open past Nashville; and Nashville, a vast storehouse, was abandoned in a matter of days resulting in the loss of many supplies and material.
	www.trailsrus.com /fortheiman/trilogy.html (636 words)

	FORT BEDFORD—RAYSTOWN
		Fort Ligonier, at this period, was in an alarming condition, being surrounded by savages; and containing a large quantity of military stores, it was a matter of great moment to them, lest it might fall into the hands of the enemy.
		Fort Bedford at this time was also in a precarious condition and feebly garrisoned, although its force had been strengthened by the intermediate posts, being abandoned for this purpose.
		Fort Bedford was also protected on the south and west side by a moat about eight feet deep, ten feet wide at the bottom, and fifteen feet wide at the, top.
	www.pa-roots.com /~bedford/history/fortbedford.html (3659 words)

	Flight to Freedom: Slavery and the Underground Railroad in Maryland
		Fort Hill is the site of old Fort Cumberland, which became a crown fort in April 1755.
		Fort Cumberland provided safety for the settlers on the western boundaries of Maryland and Virginia during the French and Indian Wars.
		Fort Cumberland was a strategic site until November 28, 1758 when the British captured Fort Duquesne cutting off the French route from Canada to the western areas of Maryland and Virginia.
	mdslavery.net /html/casestudies/fifeec.html (907 words)

	Credits
		In the years between the end of the French and Indian War and the beginning of the American Revolution, Cumberland grew as a town, was designated the seat of the newly created Allegany County, and was poised to become a major artery on the edge of the American frontier.
		Cumberland's coal mines were constructed with horizontal shafts, far less dangerous that the vertical mines of Pennsylvania and West Virginia.
		Still, Cumberland's miners flened from head to foot when they emerged from a mine at the end of a day knew that the carbon-filled air, which corroded the lungs overtime, would lead to an early death.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nR/travel/cumberland/history.htm (1358 words)

	Western Maryland Fast Freight Line -- The place where Steam is still steaming!
		Cumberland is one of the better cities to teach us the history being there from the start.Cumberland is one of the richest cities in the United States, in terms of good values, history, tradition and the very indefinable but wonderful state of mind known as Cumberland's "Quality of Life".
		The seed that grew into the City of Cumberland was planted in October, 1749, when Christopher Gist, an agent for the Ohio Company, arrived at the junction of Wills Creek and the North Branch of the Potomac River to erect a stockade and trading post.
		Fort Cumberland was built by the the british general Edward Braddock in1752-1753.It was built at the confluence of Wills Creek and the Potomac River.
	www.freewebs.com /wmsr/index.htm (713 words)

	New Page 0 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The fort was 400’ by 120’ and served as the logistical headquarters for the army under the command of Gen. Edward Braddock.
		Under the leadership of George Washington, the fort continued to be garrisoned throughout that war.
		The Fort was last used as a military installation in October of 1794 when then President George Washington brought the Army of the United States here to suppress the Whiskey Rebellion.
	www.emmanuelparish.ang-md.org /fort.htm (289 words)

	Cumberland County NC - Welcomes the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC)
		Cumberland County understands this, and works together with Fort Bragg to insure the installation gets what it needs to be able to meet its mission.
		The cost of living in Cumberland County is lower than the average cost of living in metropolitan areas all across the country, when considering such things as the cost of groceries, housing, utilities, transportation and health care.
		Of the Cumberland County population 25 or older, almost 75% are high school graduates and 24% hold a bachelor’s degree or an advanced degree.
	www.co.cumberland.nc.us /brac_welcome.asp (960 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Notice of Availability of the Record of Decision To Determine the Level of Training on the ...
		Presently, realistic training in Fort Bragg's NTA, one of Fort Bragg's largest training areas, is hampered by the two sets of training rules that govern training in the units.
		This alternative best supports Fort Bragg's ability to enhance the overall capability of the installation to perform its primary mission-- the training and logistical and mobilization/deployment support of the XVIII Airborne Corps, United States Army Special Operations Command, 82nd Airborne Division, and other assigned units--, while continuing to sustain the environmental resources on Fort Bragg.
		Fort Bragg has identified all practicable means to avoid or minimize environmental impacts resulting from implementation of the Preferred Alternative (IV); all identified mitigation and monitoring in the FEIS will be adopted.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2006/May/Day-05/i4233.htm (2094 words)

	The French & Indian War
		In June of 1755, the fort fell to the British after a two week siege and was renamed Fort Cumberland.
		The fort was later besieged again by a group of English speaking settlers from the Chignecto region, who were joined by Acadians and a number of different Indian tribes.
		The British successfully defended their fort and it was reinforced for the War of 1812.
	www.frenchandindianwar250.org /visit/details.aspx?SiteID=159&c= (180 words)

	Fort Cumberland at Wills Creek
		Fort Cumberland began as a supply storage place for the Ohio Company.
		Under the church on the hill in Cumberland can be seen the remnants of the underground walkways that connected buildings.
		Embedded in the street and sidewalks around the church and city hall are white markers that show the outline of the original fort.
	www.fortedwards.org /braddock/sites/cbe.htm (343 words)

	The Eddy War
		The latter, in their attempted capture of Fort Cumberland, occupied the surrounding country sufficiently long to commit many depredations on the loyalist settlers in which they were aided and abetted by the disaffected inhabitants.
		Fourteen inhabitants of Cumberland were said to have gone to the Continental Congress with a petition signed by some 600 persons asking for a force to help capture Fort Cumberland -- from whence it was proposed to make a descent on Halifax and wipe out the last vestige of British authority in old Acadia.
		Governor of the Province, came to Cumberland and offered an enlistment for the inhabitants to sign in which they were to promise with their lives and fortunes to support the dignity of the Crown.
	www.myhartt.com /families/eddy_war.htm (1601 words)

	SAMUEL ODKENBAKER'S PUNISHMENT AT FORT CUMBERLAND 1789 TO 1791 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		These photographs show the structure of this superb and enormous fort built during the 18th and 19th centuries as part of the defensive network along the south coast.
		The fort was much as seen today, in that the outer curtain wall would have been in place.
		The fort's position was strengthened by the shingle glacis on two sides between the walls and the water, giving a clear view of all approaches, and compounding problems for any assault using heavy equipment.
	www.tasmaniacs.net /BAKERBROWN/BAKER (308 words)

	Cumberland, Maryland at AllExperts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Cumberland is a city in Allegany County, Maryland, United States and the county seat of Allegany County.
		Cumberland was a key road, railroad and canal junction during the 1800s and at one time the second largest city in Maryland (second to the port city of Baltimore--hence its nickname "The Queen City").
		The only building to remain from the fort is the small cabin that was used by George Washington as his headquarters when he was in the Cumberland area with his Virginia troops.
	en.allexperts.com /e/c/cu/cumberland,_maryland.htm (3885 words)

	The Battle of Fort Cumberland
		The Battle of Fort Cumberland resulted in the defeat of an American army trying to invade and inspire rebellion in the British colony of Nova Scotia.
		Nova Scotia was generally poorly defended in the early stages of the war, and unrest in the eastern regions provoked fears of an American-led uprising.
		Fort Cumberland was at last relieved and the American forces were routed.
	www.myrevolutionarywar.com /battles/761107.htm (391 words)

	New Brunswick Forts
		This was a star-shaped fort that was captured by the British in 1755 and renamed Fort Cumberland.
		Fort St. Jean was built by the French in 1698 near the present-day Harbour Bridge toll plaza.
		The fort was later rebuilt in 1812 with a one-story blockhouse, magazine, and barracks for 20 men, surrounded by a square earthwork with two guns.
	www.geocities.com /naforts/nb.html (2100 words)

	Fort Cumberland Hotel
		The Fort Cumberland Hotel, built in 1917, is a one of only a few remaining early 20th-century hotels in Cumberland.
		The six-story brick Fort Cumberland Hotel was a typical small city hotel.
		The Fort Cumberland Hotel is located at the corner of Baltimore and Liberty Sts., and is a contributing building to the Downtown Cumberland Historic District.
	www.nps.gov /history/nr/travel/Cumberland/hot.htm (289 words)

	Memorials and Monuments in Portsmouth - Fort Cumberland
		Fort Cumberland is situated at the South-Easternmost point of Portsea Island where it has guarded the entrance to Langstone Harbour for over 150 years.
		During the air raid on 26th August 1940, the Luftwaffe droppped 78 bombs on Fort Cumberland which was then being used as an overflow base for the Royal Marines - the main barracks a mile to the West being full.
		In 2004 it was decided that a replacement memorial should be erected in its original position and a further copy was sought from the supplier of the first and it was dedicated on the 18th July.
	www.memorials.inportsmouth.co.uk /others/fort-cumberland (307 words)

	Fort Bedford located at Fort Bedford Ave. Bedford,Pa. 15522 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Fort was a stopping point for civilian and military travelers, and a few hunters and farmers settled the area.
		Fort Dungdon is built at the eastern foot of Laurel Hill north of Jennerstown,Pa.
		Fort Bedford and Ligonier were abandoned in early in 1766 as a cost-cutting measure.
	www.memberbbb.com /construction2.html (5647 words)

	Siege of Fort Cumberland, 1776, The
		He reveals how the siege of Fort Cumberland shaped the attitudes of Nova Scotians to the revolution and to their place in the North American world.
		Clarke describes events in Nova Scotia leading up to the siege of Fort Cumberland by the Continental army in 1776 and argues that from the beginning of hostilities Nova Scotians' primary loyalty was to Britain.
		An in-depth study of a British colony's reaction to and ultimate rejection of independence, The Siege of Fort Cumberland will be of great interest to colonial historians in Canada and the United States.
	www.mqup.mcgill.ca /book.php?bookid=1278 (292 words)

	Preserve America Community: Cumberland, Maryland
		Known as the "Gateway to the West," Cumberland (population 23,901) was established in 1787 at the mouth of Wills Creek on the Potomac River, on the edge of the Allegany Highlands of western Maryland.
		In the mid- to late-19th century, Cumberland was Maryland's second largest manufacturing center, with such industries as glass-making, breweries, lumber, cleaning and dyeing works, and tinplate.
		Cumberland embarked on a five-year plan of action encompassing a multifaceted approach to revitalization.
	www.preserveamerica.gov /PAcommunity-cumberlandMD.html (483 words)

	The Friend Family Association of America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Tunnels built under Fort Cumberland are under this church and will be included as part of the Walking Tour.
		The canal ends in Cumberland, MD, after traveling 184.5 miles from Washington D. C., it operated from 1829 to 1924, primarily used for hauling coal from this Western Maryland area to the port in Georgetown, MD.
		In 1806 President Thomas Jefferson approved $30.000 for a road from Cumberland to the Ohio, to be known as the Cumberland Road.
	www.friendfamilyassociation.org /gathering2.html (411 words)

	Fort Cumberland
		Fort Cumberland became a scheduled monument of national importance in 1964.
		The scheduled area was extended in 1999 to include the majority of the second fort defences and the possible below ground remains of the first fort, the defences were listed as Grade II* in 1969 (with revisions in 1999).
		At that time the Fort was still in use by the Royal Marine Artillery but they vacated it in 1971 having first taken occupation in 1823, so ending a 148 year association with the Fort.
	www.portsmouthcc.gov.uk /living/3422.htm (127 words)

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