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	Fort Duquesne - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fort Duquesne was a fort established by the French in 1754, at the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in what is now downtown Pittsburgh in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
		Work began on the fort on February 17 and Washington, who had been promoted to Lt. Colonel, left on April 2 as part of a small force with the dual purpose of constructing a road and defending the fort upon their arrival.
		The French held Fort Duquesne during the French and Indian War, and it became one of the focal points for that war because of its location in disputed territory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fort_Duquesne (598 words)

	AllRefer.com - Fort Duquesne (U.S. History) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fort Duquesne[dukAn´, dOO–] Pronunciation Key, at the junction of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, on the site of Pittsburgh, SW Pa. Because of its strategic location, it was a major objective in the last of the French and Indian Wars.
		The fort was begun by a group of Virginians in 1754 at the insistence of Gov. Robert Dinwiddie.
		Fort Duquesne was also the goal of an unsuccessful expedition under English Gen. Edward Braddock in 1755.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/FortDuqu.html (271 words)

	Fort Bedford Museum in Bedford, PA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fort Raystown was renamed Fort Bedford in honor of the Duke between November 28th and December 14th, 1758, after the flag was received.
		Old Fort Bedford was a British stockade built in 1758 as part of the French and Indian War campaign against the French at Fort Duquesne.
		Fort Bedford was constructed as a key fortification along the military path -- Forbes Road -- and served as the staging area for their successful campaign against the French.
	www.bedfordcounty.net /attract/fort (837 words)

	AKValley.com--Memoirs of a French Soldier
		Fort Duquesne is the most distant of the French possessions on the Ohio side, which is to the south of Upper Canada.
		The fort was built of squared timbers twelve feet thick on the land side; its thickness filled in with earth; with a strong parapet; and three bastions each mounting four cannon.
		While escaping from the fort he forgot part of his papers, from which we learned that he had been major of militia in Virginia; and that on May 15th, 1753, he was made lieutenant-colonel of the Regiment of Virginia, at the time composed of one hundred and fifty men.
	www.akvalley.com /history/forts/jcb/jcb.shtml (6438 words)

	Duquesne and Acadia
		Fort Duquesne was a French post situated at the junction of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, the spot now occupied by the great iron city of Pittsburg, with its teeming life and its hurrying thousands.
		Governor Duquesne wrote in October, 1754, to one of his subordinates, urging that a plausible pretext for attacking the English be devised.
		This fort was formed of embankments of gravel, surmounted by a rampart of heavy timbers, and mounted seventeen cannon.
	www.usahistory.info /French-Indian-War/Duquesne.html (3230 words)

	Fort Tours \| Fort Pitt
		The Fort Pitt Museum is located in a re-created eighteenth century bastion of the famous British fort on the forks of the Ohio River in Point State Park, Pittsburgh.
		General Edward Braddock led the first direct attack on Fort Duquesne; the attack ended at the Battle of the Monongahela where two thirds of Braddock’s 1,500 troops were killed or wounded in a devastating defeat.
		Fort Pitt, as it was named, became one of the largest English strongholds in North America.
	www.forttours.com /pages/tocftpitt.asp (897 words)

	Fort Duquesne. The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000
		Fort Duquesne (DOO-kain), historic site, in Point State Park, downtown Pittsburgh, Allegheny co., W Pa., at the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, which form Ohio R.; 40°26'N 80°00'W. Because of its strategic location, it was a major objective in the last of the Fr.
		The French drove the Virginians away on April 17, 1754, and completed the fort; they named it after the Marquis de Duquesne, governor general of New France.
		Fort Duquesne was also the goal of an unsuccessful expedition under Eng.
	www.bartleby.com /69/39/F02339.html (202 words)

	Fort Frederick State Park History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fort Frederick encapsulates American history from the colonial period to the present and is one of the largest fortifications built by English colonists in North America.
		The design of the fort conforms to the style developed early in the 18th century by Sebastien de Vauban, a French military engineer who is considered the father of modern fortification.
		Fort Frederick State Park is located in the Cumberland Valley, 18 miles west of Hagerstown and one mile south of I-70 near Big Pool (Rt.
	www.dnr.state.md.us /publiclands/ftfrederickhistory.html (1254 words)

	Fort Duquesne
		Weakly defended Fort Duquesne was the target of this venture, but an early debate raged over the route to be taken to the Forks.
		The capture of Fort Duquesne coincided with the fall of Fort Frontenac and the fortress at Louisbourg.
		Fort Pitt would be known as Fort Dunmore for a brief time in the early 1770s to honor the royal governor of New York and Virginia, but would revert to its earlier name during the War for Independence.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1195.html (769 words)

	John Forbes (General) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In December 1757, he was promoted to brigadier general and assigned to command an expedition to capture the French outpost of Fort Duquesne (present day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) which guarded the vital forks of the Ohio River.
		Forbes plan was a slow and methodical march to Fort Duquesne, taking great pains to secure his lines of supply and communication with a string of frontier forts along a newly constructed road from the Pennsylvania frontier.
		Soon after this, however, word was received that the French garrison at Fort Frontenac had fallen and the majority of the troops of Fort Duquesne had been evacuated.
	www.butte-silverbow.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/John_Forbes_(General) (794 words)

	Fort Duquesne
		Fort that changed hands several times during the two decades that made up the French and Indian War.
		It was originally a British fort that the French seized before it was finished.
		The importance of this fort site was that its holder gained control of three rivers: the Ohio, the Allegheny, and the Monongahela.
	www.socialstudiesforkids.com /wwww/us/fortduquesnedef.htm (140 words)

	AKValley.com--Fall of Fort Duquesne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Instead of marching like Braddock, at one stretch to Fort Duquesne, burdened with a long and cumbrous baggage-train, it was the plan of Forbes to push on by slow stages, establishing fortified magazines as he went, and at last, when within easy distance of the fort, to advance upon it with all his force.
		Four hundred men were posted along the hill facing the fort, to cover the retreat of Captain McDonald's company, who marched with drums beating toward the enemy, in order to draw a party out of the fort; as Major Grant believed that there were not two hundred men including Indians in the garrison.
		"Upon their arrival at Fort Duquesne, they entered upon an Indian race path, upon each side of which a number of stakes, with the bark peeled off, were stuck into the earth, and upon each stake was fixed the head and kilt of a Highlander who had been killed or taken prisoner, at Grant's defeat.
	www.akvalley.com /history/forts/duquesne/duquesne.shtml (1976 words)

	FORT DE LA RlVlERE AU BOEUF
		Duquesne to the Minister of the Marine, November 2, 1753, Wilderness Chronicles, 58-60.
		Duquesne to the Minister of the Marine, October 12,1754, Wilderness Chronicles, 82-83; the French text is quoted in Papiers Contrecoeur, 79, n.
		Duquesne is attempting to represent the French "fort" at Chiningue as antedating the English post begun by Trent in March.
	www.geocities.com /Pentagon/Bunker/8866/leboeufhistory.htm (5551 words)

	Fort Duquesne
		Fort Duquesne, located at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers at the site of present-day Pittsburgh, Penn, guarded the most important strategic location in the west at the time of the SEVEN YEARS' WAR.
		NEW FRANCE claimed this as part of their colony and the French were anxious to keep the English from encroaching on it.
		The French built Fort Duquesne here to serve as a military stronghold and as a base for developing trade and strengthening military alliances with the Aboriginal peoples of the area.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?ArticleId=A0002931 (255 words)

	Nearby and related sites - Fort Necessity National Battlefield
		Fort Ligonier, Westmoreland County, served as a staging area for the 1758 Forbes Campaign, which resulted in the capture of Fort Duquesne.
		Fort Bedford Park and Museum, Bedford County, is located on the site of Fort Bedford, which served as a supply base for General Forbes' army during its march to Fort Duquesne.
		Fort Necessity NB is in the Laurel Highlands of Southwestern Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh.
	www.nps.gov /fone/relsites.htm (420 words)

	Fort Pitt Museum - History and Story
		By 1772, the British military presence on the frontier was downsized and Fort Pitt was evacuated.
		Fort Pitt was maintained by the revolutionary government of Virginia until 1777.
		Fort Pitt would continue to serve as a supply depot and base of operations until 1792.
	www.fortpittmuseum.com /History.html (1101 words)

	BRADDOCK'S DEFEAT
		Duquesne, very near the location of a previous, short-lived, structure originally constructed by the British, before being driven off by superior French forces and rebuilt, would be only the first to fall, for surely a domino effect would occur throughout the region.
		Had the fort fallen in 1755, it is very conceivable that Fort Niagara would have followed suit and the French, abandoned early on by their Indian allies, rolled up back into Canada.
		The 36-acre park is accessible from the east and west by I-376 and I-279, from the north by PA Route 8, and from the south by PA Route 51.
	www.mohicanpress.com /braddocks_defeat.html (2369 words)

	Background of the Conflict - Fort Necessity National Battlefield
		he confrontation at Fort Necessity in the summer of 1754 was the opening battle of the war fought by England and France for control of the North American continent.
		The action at Fort Necessity was also the first major event in the military career of George Washington, and it marked the only time he ever surrendered to an enemy.
		When told the fort was in French hands, he resolved to push on to Redstone Creek and await further instructions.
	www.nps.gov /fone/fonehist.htm (1043 words)

	Tribune Review Article
		Built at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, the fort's existence was shortlived - the French burned and abandoned it in 1758 without firing a shot as British Gen. John Forbes' army approached.
		The mayor said he was forming a committee to look at the feasibility and cost of rebuilding and maintaining the fort, and its effect on existing uses of the park, such as the annual regatta and the city's Fourth of July celebration.
		The Fort Duquesne Committee will work with the Riverlife Task Force, since the project would be an integral part of the overall riverfront development.
	www.phlf.org /news/mediaclips/2000/000608btr.html (591 words)

	Fort Pitt Museum, Page 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When a reconnaissance mission to Fort Duquesne resulted in disaster and an offensive raid on the fort by a small French force came close to succeeding, Forbes decided to wait until spring to attack.
		The British objective had been the location of Fort Duquesne, not the fortification itself, and it was a jubilant group which gave thanks on November 26, 1758, the day after arriving at the smoldering remains of the fort.
		They erected a temporary fort on the Monongahela River, about a thousand feet east of the ruins of Fort Duquesne, the construction of which Mercer described as "huddled up in a very hasty m manner." For eight months Colonel Mercer and his men protected the British interest.
	www.phmc.state.pa.us /ppet/pitt/page4.asp?secid=31 (789 words)

	Fort Duquesne Bridge work to start in spring - PittsburghLIVE.com
		Trumbull is wrapping up its work on the Fort Pitt Bridge and Tunnel, an $84.2 million project that caused one-way shutdowns of the span during the past two construction seasons.
		The most severe traffic restrictions during the Fort Duquesne project will be overnight and on weekends.
		The Fort Duquesne Bridge work is on the Pittsburgh Downtown Partnership's radar.
	www.pittsburghlive.com /x/tribune-review/pittsburgh/s_162265.html (490 words)

	Ft. Edwards Web Links to other F&I Forts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fort St. Frederick was the earliest and one of the most imposing fortifications to be raised on the French claims of Lake Champlain sometime after the first French presence in 1731.
		New England's oldest surviving fort was built in 1754 as a storehouse and garrison at the head of navigation on the Kennebec River.
		Whereas the forts of the Virginia frontier were built by colonial soldiers or civilians, most of the major forts of Pennsylvania and New York were built by British engineers from plans still available in archives.
	www.fortedwards.org /links.htm (775 words)

	About Jumonville
		Fort Duquesne was captured by the British in 1758 and re-named
		However, the French learned about the new fort and they with their Indians came downriver and destroyed it on April 17, before it was completed.
		He took command of a force from Fort Duquesne bent on the same goal and in July 3, with 500 men, attacked Fort Necessity.
	reenacting.net /history/jumonville_about.html (867 words)

	Major Grant's Piper by Robert Griffing
		Fort Littleton, Fort Louden, Fort Bedford, Fort Ligonier, and a dozen smaller posts marked the advance of his army.
		By September, the army was massed at Fort Ligonier, only 30 miles from The Point and Fort Duquesne.
		From this staging area 200 men were sent under the command of Major Lewis of the Virginia Regiment to lay in ambush five miles from the fort.
	www.paramountpress.com /majgranpip.html (716 words)

	A Rout in the Wilderness
		Rather than overrun Washington’s fort, however, de Villiers called for a truce, insisting that Washington, by this time a full colonel, and Captain James Mackay, who had come with a band of troops from South Carolina, cede the fort to him and withdraw their men.
		When push came to shove, the fort built theoretically to withstand an assault of 500 marching across the meadows instead faced troops who numbered closer to 700 including Indians and who shot not from the meadows but from the surrounding woods.
		Fort Necessity was a victory for the Colonials in one sense in that it underscored the gravity of the French threat in North America.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/ventures_into_us_history/109601 (975 words)

	Pittsburgh Bridges at the Point, HAER - Fort Pitt and Fort Duquesne Bridges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Fort Pitt Bridge across the Monongahela was opened on 19 June, 1959 and accordingly the Point Bridge was closed on 21 June of the same year.
		(63) The Fort Duquesne Bridge over the Allegheny was completed not long afterward, but it could not be used for some years because it could not be connected with the ramps of the uncompleted highway system on the North Side.
		On the other hand the State had already taken over the Manchester Bridge from the City when the Fort Duquesne Bridge was planned, so the State will finance the demolition of the Manchester Bridge." However, none of the bids were taken up and the demolition was left in abeyance.
	pghbridges.com /articles/PA3-12.htm (1441 words)

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