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	Fort Pillow, Tennessee
		The fort's river batteries were close to the river during the war, but since the war erosion factors have caused the river to move 2 miles west.
		Fort Pillow is nationally significant, because its evacuation by Confederate troops in early June 1862 led directly to the Union capture of Memphis, an important Confederate commercial and economic center, thus contributing to the eventual surrender of Vicksburg by opening another section of the Mississippi River to Federal shipping.
		The Battle of Fort Pillow on April 12, 1864, is also nationally significant because the fight - labeled a massacre - had a profound impact as "Remember Fort Pillow" became a battle cry for African-American soldiers during the remainder of the year.
	www.nps.gov /vick/camptrail/sites/Tennessee-sites/Ft.PillowTN.htm (562 words)

	Fort Pillow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fort Pillow is a fort in Henning, Tennessee on the Mississippi River that was used by both sides in the American Civil War.
		Confederate troops evacuated Fort Pillow on June 4, 1862, in order not to be cut off from the rest of the Confederate Army.
		Conflicting reports of what happened next are the source of controversy The fort was occupied by 262 African American and 295 white soldiers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fort_Pillow (260 words)

	Fort Pillow State Park - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fort Pillow State Park is a state park in western Tennessee.
		The 1,642 acre (6.6 km²) Fort Pillow, located in Lauderdale County on the Chickasaw Bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River, is rich in both historic and archaeological significance.
		Because of its strategic location, the fort was taken by the Union Army who controlled it during most of the war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fort_Pillow_State_Park (134 words)

	Fort Pillow and Saltville Notes
		A Union garrison at Fort Pillow, a Confederate built earthen fortification and a Union built inner redoubt, overlooking the Mississippi River was occupied by approximately 295 white Tennessee troops and 262 U.S. colored troops, all under the command of Major Lionel F. Booth.
		Fort Pillow was a earthen-built establishment, originally by the Confederates in 1861, but restricted in size because the original was too large.
		The Fort Pillow massacre, as with all event sin history was the result of several actions previous to and during the battle.
	www.assumption.edu /users/McClymer/his260/Pillow.html (5232 words)

	Fort Pillow. The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fort Pillow, historic site, fortification on the Mississippi R., N of Memphis, Tenn.; built by Confederate Gen. Gideon Pillow in 1862.
		Evacuated by the Confederates after the fall of Island No. 10 to the N, the fort was occupied by Union troops on June 6, 1862.
		Often called the Fort Pillow Massacre, it became one of the greatest atrocity stories of the Civil War.
	www.bartleby.com /69/64/F02464.html (122 words)

	Historic Information on Fort Pillow - Desert Rose Productions
		Fort Pillow was situated on a bluff over looking a skinny stretch of the mighty Mississippi.
		The garrison at the fort was occupied by two small regiments of US Colored troops and Unionist Tennesseans, numbering almost 600 men, as well as six artillery guns and their artillerymen.
		Bradford was at first in command of the fort, but was relieved by Hurlbut and replaced by Booth, the former saying he wasn't experienced enough to command.
	www.desertrosefilms.7p.com /FortPillowSite.html (1694 words)

	AFRO-AMERICAN ALMANAC - African-American History Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fort Pillow was erected originally by the Confederates in 1861, at the First Chickasaw Bluff of the Mississippi River, forty miles north of Memphis.
		The original trace of the fort was a line two miles long at a distance of 600 or more yards from the river.
		As early as April fourth Forrest had written that "there is a Federal force of five or six hundred at Fort Pillow, which I shall attend to in a day or so..." but it was not until a week later that the movement against the fort was actually started.
	www.toptags.com /aama/events/ftpillow.htm (1065 words)

	AllRefer.com - Fort Pillow (U.S. History) - Encyclopedia
		Fort Pillow, fortification on the Mississippi River, N of Memphis, Tenn.; built by Confederate Gen. Gideon Pillow in 1862.
		Evacuated by the Confederates after the fall of Island No. 10 to the north, the fort was occupied by Union troops on June 6, 1862.
		Charged with ruthless killing, Forrest argued that the soldiers had been killed trying to escape; however, racial animosity on the part of his troops was undoubtedly a factor.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/FortPill.html (217 words)

	Fort Pillow State Park, a Tennessee State Park near Covington, Memphis, Osceola, Ripley
		The 1,642 acre Fort Pillow, located in Lauderdale County on the Chickasaw Bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River, is rich in both historic and archaeological significance.
		Fort Pillow State Historic Park has been designated as a Wildlife Observation Area by the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency.
		Fort Pillow Lake is stocked with bass, bream, crappie and catfish.
	www.stateparks.com /fort_pillow.html (354 words)

	Fort Pillow Attack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		General James Chalmers marched non-stop to Fort Pillow to begin their assault under the command of General Nathan Bedford Forrest.
		By this point most of the Union officers in the fort had been killed, and the remaining troops fled the fort toward the river where they had provisions waiting.
		Confederate troops were waiting at the bottom of the fort to prevent access to the supplies by the Union forces.
	www.4essays.com /essays/FORT_PIL.HTM (1099 words)

	Battle of Fort Pillow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Confederate Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, in a message to headquarters, said, "There is a federal force of 500 or 600 at Fort Pillow which I shall attend to.
		as they have horses and supplies which we need." Fort Pillow, Tenn., was an earthwork fort situated on a high bluff overlooking the Mississippi River and one of many garrisons the Union used to protect its supply lines.
		The fort was manned by 295 white troops of the 13th Tennessee Cavalry and 265 fls of the 11th U.S. Colored Troops.
	www.us-civilwar.com /pillow.htm (369 words)

	Fort Pillow Attack
		Scholars disagree about exactly what transpired on April 12, 1864 at Fort Pillow, when General Nathan Bedford Forrest captured the fort with his 1,500 troops and claimed numerous Union lives in the process (Wyeth 250).
		After close examination it is clear that the ³Fort Pillow Massacre² (as it became known by abolitionists) was nothing of the sort.
		The Union spent their rounds on the charging mass, and the second wave was to all intents and purposes a ³turkey shoot.² As hordes of soldiers came over the wall, a considerable number of Union lives were lost to point blank fire, an action that was deemed murder by the northern press.
	www.angelfire.com /zine/essay/essays/fort_pillow_attack.htm (1090 words)

	What Happened at Fort Pillow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The fort is an earth-work, crescent shaped, is 8 feet in height and 4 feet across the top, surrounded by a ditch 6 feet deep and 12 feet in width, walls sloping to the ditch but perpendicular inside.
		A deep ravine surrounds the fort, and from the fort to the ravine the ground descends rapidly.
		Strewn from the fort to the river bank, in the ravines and hollows, behind logs and under the brush where they had crept for protection from the assassins who pursued them, we found bodies bayoneted, beaten, and shot to death, showing how cold-blooded and persistent was the slaughter of our unfortunate troops.
	www.assumption.edu /acad/ii/Academic/history/His130/P-H/Pillow (4952 words)

	Frank Laughter Genealogy, Civil War Battles, Fort Pillow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In April 1864, the Union garrison at Fort Pillow, a Confederate-built earthen fortification and a Union-built inner redoubt, overlooking the Mississippi River about forty river miles above Memphis, comprised 295 white Tennessee troops and 262 U.S. Colored Troops, all under the command of Maj. Lionel F. Booth.
		Nathan Bedford Forrest attacked the fort on April 12 with a cavalry division of approximately 2,500 men.
		The Confederates evacuated Fort Pillow that evening so they gained little from the attack except a temporary disruption of Union operations.
	laughtergenealogy.com /bin/cw-battles/fortpillow.html (306 words)

	fort pillow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fort Pillow (Tennessee) Fort Pillow was located 60 miles North of Memphis Tennessee and was a fortress for the Union Army.
		Fort Pillow was occupied throughout most of the War Between the States by.
		Fort Pillow was on the Tennessee side of the Mississippi River, about forty miles north of Memphis...
	knockoutsleep.com /kosleep/fort-pillow.php (675 words)

	Local Legend : William Woodward Macon : Blythewood SC
		Fort Pillow (CSA Controlled) "In July of 1861, the fort was renamed Fort Pillow, for the general who was commanding the troops of the state of Tennessee, General Gideon Pillow.
		It was sent to Spanish Fort in August, where it formed a part of the garrison until January, when it was returned to the army of Tennessee.
		"The Defense of Fort Morgan" Aug 5, 1864 - by Brig.
	www.blythewoodnet.net /np-william-w-macon.htm (1092 words)

	Fort Pillow - Desert Rose Productions (1999)
		On April 12th, 1864, at a little insignificant fort, several hundred fl union soldiers fought a hopeless battle against a Confederate general who was destined to become the first grand wizard of the KKK.
		At that time, the fort was defended by 550 Union soldiers, half of which were Black.
		Director Stan Armstrong effectively uses footage of the historic fort, battle scenes with Civil War re-enactors and mixes in a number of expert interviews to make an very informative documentary of this little known, yet significant event in American history.
	www.desertrosefilms.7p.com /FortPillowVideo.html (201 words)

	TheBlackMarket.com-Profiles In Black: Fort Pillow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fort Pillow was occupied throughout most of the War Between the States by Union or Confederate forces.
		Fort Pillow was one of several fortifications constructed on the river as part of a river defense system.
		During the war the fort's river batteries were close to the river, but since the war erosion factors have caused the river to move a mile west.
	www.theblackmarket.com /ProfilesInBlack/FtPillow.htm (436 words)

	Pillow, Fort on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Texas, Heard Around Town column.
		Nora Rojas and Melanie Loomos are touting the Butt Pillow as a stylish way to sit comfortably at work.
		She made this pillow using a pattern of an old world map of Cuba.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-P1illow-F1.asp (364 words)

	Video Librarian: The Forgotten Battle of Fort Pillow and the Birth of the KKK@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Forgotten Battle of Fort Pillow and the Birth of the KKK
		The Forgotten Battle of Fort Pillow and the Birth of the KKK ***
		After Forrest's defeat at Fort Donaldson, largely due to the heroic fighting of newly-commissioned fl soldiers, he vowed that he would never again let his men be...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:99817495&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (192 words)

	Civil War Battlefield Guide - -Fort Pillow, Tennessee (TN030) , Lauderdale County, April 12, 1864 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Forrest's Raid on Paducah and Fort Pillow: March-April 1864 :
		The Confederates evacuated Fort Pillow that night and turned over the badly wounded prisoners of both races to the Federals the next day.
		Three days later Forrest described Fort Pillow: "The river was dyed with the blood of the slaughtered for 200 yards....
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/civwar/html/cw_008402_fortpillowte.htm (551 words)

	EXTINGUISH the Flames of Racial Prejudice - The Fort Pillow Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The research study referred to indicated that during the Confederate assault, substantial numbers of Black Union defenders of Fort Pillow were killed after they had laid down their arms.
		EXTINGUISH the Flames of Racial Prejudice - THE FORT PILLOW MASSACRE.
		The Fort Pillow State Park was designated a National Historic Landmark as a result of a study by African-Americans.
	www.ndilei.com /fortpillow (1158 words)

	A A World . Reference Room . Articles . Fort Pillow Massacre \| PBS
		In the American Civil War, Confederate slaughter of fl Federal troops stationed at Fort Pillow, Tenn. The action stemmed from Southern outrage at the North's use of fl soldiers.
		From the beginning of hostilities, the Confederate leadership was faced with the question of whether to treat fl soldiers captured in battle as slaves in insurrection or, as the Union insisted, as prisoners of war.
		In what proved the ugliest racial incident of the war, Confederate forces under General Nathan B. Forrest captured Fort Pillow on April 12, 1864, and proceeded to wipe out the fl troops within; some were burned or buried alive.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/aaworld/reference/articles/fort_pillow.html (195 words)

	The Lynching Massacre of Black and White Soldiers at Fort Pillow, Tennessee April 12, 1864 - Questia Online Library
		General Forrest's attack on Fort Pillow marked the launching of the method by which the South would keep the "niggers" in their "place" and maintain white supremacy.
		Fort Pillow is unique for having been both a confederate and Union fort that was attacked by both sides.
		Early in 1864, Union troops took control of Fort Pillow after the withdrawal of the Confederate army.
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&d=5001400808 (335 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: An Unerring Fire: The Massacre at Fort Pillow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Fort Pillow massacre, in which a Confederate cavalry force assaulted and captured an inadequately defended Union fortification in western Tennessee, is one of the most controversial episodes of the Civil War.
		The events at Fort Pillow would be far more informative if seen in context, not only of similar incidents during the Civil War (which Fuchs does discuss briefly), but of massacres in other wars, and especially of the mental processes involved.
		The Fort Pillow Massacre needs to be studied, but I found this work to be a less than convincing contribution.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/083863561X (1652 words)

	Battle of Fort Pillow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Battle of Fort Pillow "Slaughter On The River" April 12, 1864
		At 5:30am, on April 12, 1,500 of Forrest's men assaulted the fort and quickly hemmed the garrison into their innermost earthwork.
		Lionel F. Booth, commander of the fort, had been killed by a sharpshooter earlier that morning.
	civilwar.bluegrass.net /battles-campaigns/1864/640412.html (376 words)

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