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	History of Fort Wool
		The island that Fort Wool sits on is man-made.
		The island continued to settle after construction of the fort began in 1826 and it was still incomplete at the start of the Civil War.
		All of the original fort, except 8 casemates, was demolished.
	www.geocities.com /hrforts/Fort_Wool/history.htm (586 words)

	Peninsula Campaign Sites
		Fort Wool: Incomplete at the War’s outbreak, it was the companion fortification to Fort Monroe.
		Fort Norfolk: Originally built in 1794 and an active part of Norfolk’s defense during the War of 1812, the fort was utilized by both Confederate and Union forces during the Civil War.
		Fort Boykin: Originally built in 1623, this star fort overlooking Burwell’s Bay was the anchor for Magruder’s 2nd Defensive Line on the southside of the James River.
	www.peninsulacampaign.org /sites.shtml (1097 words)

	Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel
		Fort Wool is on a manmade island known as Rip-Raps, created beginning in 1818, which was pre-existing land when the HRBT south tunnel portal island was built 1954-1957, with a small earthen causeway that connects Fort Wool to the HRBT south portal island.
		The island that Fort Wool sits on is man-made.
		The island continued to settle after construction of the fort began in 1826 and it was still incomplete at the start of the Civil War.
	www.roadstothefuture.com /I64_VA_HRBT.html (2265 words)

	General John Wool
		Wool issued orders to the United States quartermaster at New York to furnish all needful transportation, and the commissary of subsistence was directed to issue thirty days' rations to every soldier who might be ordered to Washington.
		Wool went to New York on the 22d, and made his headquarters at the St. Nicholas Hotel, where he was waited upon by the Union defense committee.
		He was made commander of Fort Monroe in August, 1861, and led the expedition that took possession of Norfolk, in May, 1862, in which month he was promoted major-general, United States army, and placed at the head of the 8th Army Corps, but did not appear in the field.
	www.sonofthesouth.net /mexican-war/general-john-wool.htm (819 words)

	JOHNELLISWOOL, USA
		Wool fought in the Mexican War, and was brevetted a major general for his service.
		Wool's successes led to his promotion to major general, although McClellan demanded that Wool's department be placed under his command for the Peninsula Campaign.
		Lincoln assented, and reassigned Wool to the command of the Middle Department in June of 1862.
	www.multied.com /Bio/UGENS/USAWool.html (214 words)

	The Chesapeake Bay: Avenue for Attack
		The range of land-based cannon (shore batteries) was inadequate to block the entrance to the mouth of the James River until Fort Calhoun (renamed Fort Wool in 1861) was constructed on the Rip-Raps shoal between Hampton and Norfolk in the 1840-50's.
		Fort Calhoun was not finished when Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861, but it and Fort Monroe were too strong to be captured by the Confederates.
		Fort Calhoun was renamed Fort Wool in 1862, shifting the honor from a South Carolinian who advocated secession to the Union General, John Wool, who finally captured Norfolk on May 9, 1862.
	www.virginiaplaces.org /chesbay/chesattack.html (3425 words)

	City of Hampton, Fort Wool Flagpole Installation
		Located at the entrance to the Hampton Roads Harbor, Fort Wool, originally named Fort Calhoun, has been a patriotic symbol of freedom since its construction in 1819.
		Along with Fort Monroe, Fort Wool was constructed following the War of 1812 to protect Hampton Roads from the British and other would-be invaders of the era.
		Fort Wool is both a state and national historic landmark.
	www.hampton.gov /fort_wool/index.html (164 words)

	MONROE.HTM
		The "Merrimac" having sallied forth at 6:00 A.M., Wool placed the fort in combat readiness, then rode with his staff through Camp Hamilton and the ruins of Hampton to a shore point near the grounded "Minnesota," where the "Monitor" lay to await her first and greatest combat mission.
		JOHN E. WOOL, Fort Monroe: Ordered that, in recognition of faithful service by a gallant and distinguished officer, the name of the fort on the ripraps be changed from Fort Calhoun to Fort Wool, by which name it shall hereafter be known and designated.
		If such should be the case, it is the President's desire that the efficiency of his action should not be put to hazard by technical adherence to the strict letter defining your geographical command, and you are therefore requested, should the case occur, to waive the exercise of your authority temporarily in his favor.
	pages.cthome.net /fwc/MONROE.HTM (7861 words)

	Fort Calhoun - Vükiped
		Fort Calhoun binon zif in komot: Washington, in tat: Nebraska, in Lamerikän.
		Fort Calhoun labon belödanis fort in Virginia see Fort Wool (originally named Fort Calhoun).
		Fort Calhoun Nuclear Generating Station is built on 660 acres (2.7 km²).
	vo.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fort_Calhoun (401 words)

	NIAHD Journals
		Fort Monroe, a terrific gun battery, was built at the strategic area of Hampton Roads in 1819.
		The fort was built in reaction to the War of 1812, as a means of delaying an invading army long enough to assemble defending armies inland.
		Fort Wool was built on a man made island, in the middle of the channel, with guns that could reach the other side, and was constructed by dumping rocks and dirt in the water, until it protruded out of the ground.
	www.wm.edu /niahd/journals/?browse=entry&id=6657 (1208 words)

	www.fortpointarts.org (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The neighborhood now known as Fort Point lies along the east bank of the Fort Point Channel, and was originally a tidal marsh.
		A major participant was the wool trade, which moved to the area after the Summer Street Bridge was opened in 1900.
		Wool from around the world passed through Fort Point on its way to the textile mills of New England.
	www.fortpointarts.org /history.html (778 words)

	Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies: Ser. I, Vol. 4, Ch. XIII–Union Correspondence.
		If Fort Clark is to be occupied, two of the 32-pounders should be removed, and in their place two 9-inch guns should be substituted.
		Fort Hatteras should have at least six of the 32-pounders removed, and substituted in their place at least three 9-inch guns, two 8-inch, and one rifled gun of large caliber and longest range.
		There should be sent here, for the exclusive use of Forts Hatteras and Clark and the encampments in the immediate vicinity, a strong light-draught (say from 4 to 6 feet) steamer, with four or five substantial row-boats and one light one for the officer in command.
	www.simmonsgames.com /research/authors/USWarDept/ORA/OR-S1-V04-C013U.html (14472 words)

	Hampton, Virginia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Jamestown settlers built Fort Algernourne in 1609 at the end of the Peninsula, where Fort Monroe is now located.
		The fort also provided an early warning system of Spanish, Dutch, and pirate ships until being abandoned in 1667 after Charles II made peace with the Netherlands leader, William of Orange.
		Fort George was built on the same site in 1727, and was abandoned in 1749.
	www.virginiaplaces.org /vacities/24hamp.html (201 words)

	Chesapeake Bay - 20th Century - The Mariners' Museum
		Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia, had been designated as the Coast Artillery School in 1907, and became the center of coast artillery training during the war.
		Fort Monroe was the center of defense for the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay and Hampton Roads.
		An anti-submarine net was stretched between Fort Monroe and Fort Wool and a second was laid near Thimble Shoal at the southern end of the Bay.
	www.mariner.org /chesapeakebay/century/wwi008.html (144 words)

	Fort Monroe, Virginia on Flickr - Photo Sharing!
		Fort Monroe, Virginia (also known as Fortress Monroe) is a military installation located at Old Point Comfort on the tip of the Virginia Peninsula at the mouth of Hampton Roads on the Chesapeake Bay in eastern Virginia in the United States.
		Maintaining the control of Hampton Roads at Fort Monroe and Fort Wool was crucial to the naval support Grant required for the successful Union campaign to take Petersburg, which was the key to the fall of the Confederate capitol at Richmond.
		Fort Monroe is also the place at which, on May 27, 1861, Major General Benjamin Butler made his famous “contraband” decision, by which escaping slaves reaching Union lines would not be returned to bondage.
	www.flickr.com /photos/65193799@N00/49552020 (3807 words)

	John Ellis Wool Papers, 1810-1869 - Finding Aid (NYSL)
		The papers of John Ellis Wool should be valuable to future scholars primarily because he was a disciplined correspondent and nearly a complete record is present of his long and varied military career that commenced with the War of 1812 and concluded with the Civil War.
		In 1836 Wool was ordered to Cherokee country in Georgia, Tennessee, and the Carolinas to assist General Winfield Scott in transferring the native peoples to Oklahoma in accordance with the terms of a treaty of 1835.
		Wool was commended for his achievement and presented with decorative awards of honor by the United States Congress, State of New York, and Troy, in subsequent years.
	www.nysl.nysed.gov /msscfa/sc15361.htm (4191 words)

	Civil War Traveler \| Virginia \| Tidewater
		Fort Monroe - Built 1819-23, it is the largest moat-encircled masonry fortification in America and an important Union base for campaigns throughout the Civil War.
		Fort Wool (Hampton Roads) - Island fort was companion to Fort Monroe.
		Fort Boykin (near Smithfield) - Originally built in 1623 and used during the American Revolution and the War of 1812, this fort was captured May 17, 1862, by Union naval forces.
	www.civilwar-va.com /virginia/va-tidewater/peninsula.html (1506 words)

	USATCFE Fort Story Virginia History
		Fort Story became a military installation in 1914 when the Virginia General Assembly gave the land to the U.S. Government "to erect fortifications and for other military purposes." The War Department named this land in Cape Henry, "Fort Story" after General John Patton Story.
		In 1941, the Headquarters of the Harbor Defense Command was moved from Fort Monroe to Fort Story.
		Fort Story was officially transferred to the Transportation Training Command, Fort Eustis.
	www.eustis.army.mil /Fort_Story/History.asp (559 words)

	Fort Vancouver: Cultural Landscape Report (Chapter 2, Volume 2)
		After their arrival at Fort Vancouver they waited for a number of weeks before the party was divided, with fourteen families sent to Nisqually, and the rest to Cowlitz.
		Fort Nisqually, located on the bank of Puget Sound, had been established as a Hudson's Bay Company fur-trading post in 1833, and was selected as a Puget's Sound Agricultural Company farm in 1839 because its site, near large, open plains, was suitable for grazing large numbers of livestock.
		By the late 1840s, the central farm included a partially stockaded fort, with residences and storehouses for produce, gardens, about 220 acres of cultivated fields, barns, a slaughter house, sheepfolds, a piggery, a number of livestock pens, and a dairy, and dwellings and outbuildings at its satellite farms.
	www.nps.gov /archive/fova/clr/clr2-2a2.htm (2472 words)

	Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies: Ser. I, Vol. 9, Ch. XIX–Union Correspondence.
		She may succeed in passing the batteries and go to sea, it is necessary that you at once place your post in the best possible condition for defense, and do your best to stop her should she endeavor to run by.
		The Merrimac is reported by General Wool as having returned to Norfolk in a sinking condition, but Assistant Secretary Fox, who is also at Fort Monroe, reports that it is not known whether she is disabled or not.
		The telegraph at Fort Monroe should give twelve hours’ notice; and it would be well to send a fast vessel, like the Metamora, to the mouth of the Potomac to observe and to convey intelligence.
	www.simmonsgames.com /research/authors/USWarDept/ORA/OR-S1-V09-C019U.html (4989 words)

	Flag dedication to mark Founder's Day (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A public dedication ceremony takes place at Fort Monroe's Continental Park in view of the 30' x 42' American flag as it is raised atop a 90' pole across the channel at Fort Wool.
		Along with Fort Monroe, Fort Wool was designed and constructed following the War of 1812 in an effort to protect the Hampton Roads harbor.
		Fort Wool is hailed as one of the best surviving examples of three periods on American coastal fortification: the stone and masonry of the Third Period of the Bernard Program; the Endicott period; and the World War II construction program.
	www.dailypress.com /news/local/dp-75810sy0jul05,0,2164792.story?coll=dp-features-hampton (684 words)

	John and Cindy Seacord's Homepage
		Located at Old Point Comfort, at the time of the Civil War, the fort, active since 1823, contained a federal arsenal, and was the largest such facility on the east coast.
		It was at Fort Monroe that General Butler coined the phrase "contraband of war" in 1861 when escaped Negro slaves first sought Union protection.
		Fort Monroe's Rodman guns gave it the ability to defend itself from ironclads like the CSS Virginia.
	www.capital.net /~jrms/peninsul.htm (831 words)

	TUG BOAT SIGNALS
		His attention being attracted by the firing of General Hazen's command in its assault upon the fort, he discovered a signal flag upon the old rice mill, about three miles distant from the position he occupied.
		he first employment of the Signal Corps was in directing the fire of the battery at Fort Wool on the Rip Raps in Hampton Roads, upon the enemy's works at Sewell's Point, one detail consisting of Lieuts.
		Thomas, Hepburn, and Dumont, was conveyed in a tug boat to a point where the effect of the firing could be observed and immediately reported, by flag, to the battery officers.
	scard.buffnet.net /tugbaltimore/tug.html (598 words)

	Sherpa Guides \| Chesapeake Bay \| Mouth of the Chesapeake Bay \| Hampton Area
		People on private boats are allowed to disembark and explore the island where Fort Wool sits, now unused.
		Also, the cruise boat, Miss Hampton II, makes stops at the island when weather permits.Fort Monroe is the largest stone fort ever built in the country (it was under construction between 1819 and 1834) and the only U.S. Army fort still in use that is encircled by a moat.
		The Coast Artillery operated some of the largest weapons in military history at Fort Monroe between 1907 and 1946.Also on the grounds of the fort is the well-kept Old Point Comfort Lighthouse.
	www.sherpaguides.com /chesapeake_bay/mouth_of_chesapeake/hampton.html (2067 words)

	Museums & Historic Sites
		Partially constructed under the direction of Lt. Robert E. Lee, Fort Wool played an active role during the Civil War in protecting the entrance to the Hampton Roads harbor.
		Called the best preserved War of 1812 location in America, this fort also supplied ammunition for the Confederate ironclad in the battle of the Monitor and Merrimac and is the last remaining of 19 harbor-front forts authorized in 1794 by President George Washington.
		The fort covers four acres and includes earthwork embankments, ramparts, a dungeon, barracks, and a guardhouse with most structures dating back to 1810.
	www.thenationwidedirectory.com /users/hamptonroads/museums___historic_sites.htm (1054 words)

	Battle of Hampton Roads - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The evacuation left only Fort Monroe at Old Point Comfort on the Virginia Peninsula on the north side of Hampton Roads (across from Sewell's Point at the mouth) under Union control in Tidewater Virginia.
		The channel ran close to the northern side, however, and Fort Monroe on the mainland was supplemented by an armed installation immediately south of the channel on a manmade island (later called Fort Wool).
		Fort Wool and Fort Monroe combined to secure access from Hampton Roads to both the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Battle_of_Hampton_Roads (3122 words)

	Fort Monroe, Hampton, VA
		A second fort, known only as "the fort at Old Point Comfort" was constructed in 1632 and destroyed by a hurricane in 1667.
		The latter, later renamed Fort Wool, was built on a man-made island across the navigational channel from Old Point Comfort in the middle of the mouth of Hampton Roads.
		The fort accomplished this mission by mounting an impressive complement of the most powerful artillery of the time, 32-pounder guns with a range of over one mile.
	www.cascity.com /forumhall/index.php?topic=9806.0 (2029 words)

	Fort Phantom Hill Rendezvous
		That's why Crawford pitched a tent at Fort Phantom Hill the night before the very first Fort Phantom Rendezvous (held on October 30, 1999) and endured the unpredictable West Texas weather, which brought fierce winds, rains and lightening.
		He even used the same kind of gear the Fort Phantom Hill soldiers might have used – a wool blanket, a buffalo coat and an old rifle.
		The actual 5th Infantry unit founded Fort Phantom in November 1851 and was in every major battle of the US-Mexican War (1846-1848).
	www.fortphantom.org /fort/ftphantm.nsf/rendevous?openpage (623 words)

	City of Hampton, Fort Wool Flagpole Installation
		Located at the entrance to the Hampton Roads Harbor, Fort Wool, originally named Fort Calhoun, has been a patriotic symbol of freedom since its construction in 1819.
		Along with Fort Monroe, Fort Wool was constructed following the War of 1812 to protect Hampton Roads from the British and other would-be invaders of the era.
		Fort Wool is both a state and national historic landmark.
	www.hampton.va.us /fort_wool/index.html (159 words)

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