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	The Forth Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The contract for the bridge construction was given on December 21st.1882, and work began by the realization of casings intended to support the three cantilevers.
		This bridge necessitated 54 000 tons of steel, 20 950 cubic metres of granite, 6 780 cubic metres of stone, 49 200 cubic metres of concrete, 50 tons of cement and 7 millions rivets.
		He said about the Forth Bridge:"If I had pretended that the building of Forth Bridge was not a source of constant anxiety, present and future, no experienced engineer would have believed me. Where there's no precedent, the engineer who best succeeded is the one who made the least errors".
	www.netrover.com /~capaigle/Ponts/fortha.html (685 words)

	Forth Bridge (railway) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Forth Bridge is a railway bridge over the Firth of Forth in the east of Scotland, to the east of the Forth Road Bridge, and 14 km (9 miles) west of Edinburgh.
		The bridge connects Scotland's capital Edinburgh with Fife, and acts as a major artery connecting the north-east and south-east of the country.
		"Painting the Forth Bridge" is a colloquial term for a never-ending task (a modern rendering of the myth of Sisyphus), coined on the erroneous belief that, at one time in the history of the bridge, repainting was required and commenced immediately upon completion of the previous repaint.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Forth_Bridge_(railway) (1093 words)

	The Forth Bridge Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland
		In the aftermath of the Tay Bridge disaster the bridge was a testament to robust and conservative over-engineering.
		The whole bridge is balanced by 1000 ton counterweights on the outside of the outer cantilever structures.
		The bridge can be viewed to really good effect from both North Queensferryand Queensferry: and the views from one of the many trains crossing it is equally worthwhile, especially of North Queensferry and Queensferry and of the Forth Road Bridge only a short distance to the west.
	www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk /queensferry/forthrailbridge (803 words)

	Firth of Forth Cantilever Rail Bridge
		Due to the tragic collapse of the Tay Bridge, The Firth of Forth bridge, completed in 1890, was heavily over-constructed in an attempt to regain the public's confidence.
		Some structural members of the bridge are as large as 12 feet in diameter.
		The Forth Bridge is one of the highlights of British engineering history, signifying what Victorian engineers were capable of.
	bridgepros.com /projects/FirthofForth/FirthofForth.htm (202 words)

	Forth Bridges - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Forth Bridges, two parallel bridges that cross the Firth of Forth in Lothian, east Scotland.
		Bridge (structure), structure providing continuous passage over a body of water, roadway, or valley.
		For 800 years the 77-km (48-mi)-long Firth of Forth, which had always represented a major obstacle to travel along the east coast of Scotland,...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Forth_Bridges.html (120 words)

	Forth Rail Bridge - Pictures of the Railway and Road Bridges in the Firth of Forth
		The Forth Rail Bridge had to be solid and reliable especially after the Tay Bridge disaster when its central navigation spans collapsed in the Firth of Tay taking 6 train carriages and 75 lives down with them.
		When you come off the Forth Road Bridge in Fife take an immediate turn to left and follow the road and signs until you get to the hotel (you'll be able to see the hotel even before you take a left).
		Inchcolm Island is one of the several Islands in the Firth of Forth alongside Inchkeith, the Bass Rock and Isle of May at the mouth of the Firth.
	www.scotland-flavour.co.uk /forth-bridge.html (931 words)

	Edinburgh - The Forth Bridges
		The plans for the bridge began with work by Sir Thomas Bouch, his proposal was soon rejected however due to unforeseen events.
		A previous bridge built by Bouch collapsed in 1890, seventy people lost their lives as the Tay Bridge gave way in stormy weather.
		At the time the bridge was Europe’s longest suspension bridge at one and a half miles long.
	www.firstcity.force9.co.uk /bridges.htm (377 words)

	Forth Road Bridge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The bridge, built in 1964, spans the Firth of Forth, connecting the capital city Edinburgh at South Queensferry to Fife at North Queensferry.
		The toll bridge replaced a centuries-old ferry service to carry vehicular traffic, cyclists, and pedestrians across the Forth; rail crossings are made by the adjacent and historic Forth Bridge.
		The Forth Bridges, with the road bridge crossing to the left of the rail bridge.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Forth_Road_Bridge (2342 words)

	BUILDING BIG: Databank: Firth of Forth Bridge
		The Firth of Forth Bridge is made of a pair of cantilever arms, or beams "sticking out" from two main towers.
		The poet and artist William Morris declared it "the supremest specimen of all ugliness." Ugly or not, the Firth of Forth is a safe bridge.
		The Firth of Forth was the first bridge built primarily of steel.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/buildingbig/wonder/structure/firth_of_forth.html (315 words)

	The Forth Road Bridge Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland
		What remains known simply as the Forth Bridge was opened on 4 March 1890.
		At the time the bridge was finished, the maximum size of a vehicle on Scotland's roads was 24 tonnes, and this has since increased to 44 tonnes.
		Despite this, it has been suggested that wear and tear on the bridge could mean it having to be closed to heavy traffic by 2013 and to all traffic by 2020.
	www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk /queensferry/forthroadbridge (849 words)

	Historic Bridge Foundation - Links
		Railroad Bridge Monitoring Project Union Pacific bridge 844.7 spanning the Brazos River at Waco, Texas, will be instrumented with fiber optic sensors to measure dynamic strains induced by trains crossing the bridge and the onset of cracks in ther support structure.
		National Bridge Inventory The National Bridge Inventory (NBI) is the collection of over 600,000 bridges on public roads throughout the U.S. National Park Service search engine Type in "bridges" to find nearly 5000 entries, including natural bridges.
		Ireland and England History of the bridges of the Menai Straits, the Britannia Bridge.
	www.historicbridgefoundation.com /ipages/links/links.html (722 words)

	Architecture of the Firth of Forth Bridge - Edinburgh, Scotland
		The bridge was built after the span across the Firth of Tay collapsed, killing 75 people on a train in the middle of the night.
		Engineers and planners needed to cross the Forth, but had to do it in a way that would be acceptable to a public still shocked by what was then the worst bridge disaster in history.
		The bridge is held together by nearly 7,000,000 rivets.
	www.glasssteelandstone.com /UK/Scotland/EdinburghFirthofForth.html (707 words)

	Forth Bridge Memorial - the names of those killed building the bridge
		At its peak, the workforce constructing the Forth Railway Bridge reached a total of 4600 men or "Briggers" as they were known.
		There is no official record of those who died constructing the Forth Bridge and no memorial has been erected to them.
		The Forth Bridge Memorial Committee has requested the Queensferry History Group to identify the names of the men so that they can be placed on a memorial befitting their sacrifice.
	www.forthbridgememorial.org (257 words)

	Forth Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In what is widely being seen as a really good way of cutting congestion on Scotland’s busiest road bridge, managers at The Forth Bridge announced this week the installation of sensors on the structure’s cables.
		The bridge, which carries gazillions of vehicles a day, mainly people from Fife seeking the trappings of civilisation, like electric light and Smarties, is in no way, managers insist, getting a bit bendy.
		Drivers should simply take the usual precautions before using the bridge, for example making sure their life insurance covers plunging 150 feet into the cold, unforgiving waters of The Forth and ensuring that any persistent emotional issues with loved ones are resolved before setting out.
	www.thejaggythistle.co.uk /feb05forthbridge.htm (288 words)

	Forth Estuary Transport Authority - The Bridge - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Forth Road Bridge was opened on 4th September 1964 by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth accompanied by Prince Philip the Duke of Edinburgh.
		The Forth Road Bridge Joint Board was established by Act of Parliament in 1947 as the bridge authority, responsible for the original construction, maintenance and operation.
		The Forth Road Bridge is a long span suspension bridge which when opened in 1964 was the largest in the world outside the United States and, together with the approach viaducts is a little over 2.5 km in length.
	www.feta.gov.uk /content/view/33/46 (374 words)

	Bennett Associates - Innovative Solutions For First Forth Bridge Inspection
		While non-invasive inspections are carried out regularly on suspension bridges in the UK, inspecting wires within the cable involves an invasive technique used in the USA but never used before in the UK.
		In the case of the Forth bridge, this work is being carried out at five positions on each cable, some of them 80 metres above the road deck.
		All the platforms are winched into position from the bridge deck, using pulleys mounted on the main suspension cable.
	www.bennettmg.co.uk /News/news_forth_bridge_inspection.html (880 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Forth Rail Bridge, which was opened in 1890, is an internationally recognised symbol of the achievements of late 19th century civil engineering.
		It is certainly the best known railway bridge in the world, and one of the most renowned civil engineering achievements of all time.
		The Forth Bridge is the archetypal symbol of the power of the railways as a significant stage in human history.
	www.lawhf.gov.uk /LAWHF/forth.htm (203 words)

	Forth Bridge Memorial - the bridge
		The Forth Bridge is the world's first major steel bridge and has the second longest span of any cantilever bridge (521m).
		Work on Bouch's Forth Bridge was stopped when his Tay Bridge collapsed in December, 1879 with the loss of 75 lives.
		Most of the deaths on the Forth Bridge occurred during the erection of the cantilevers (pictured on the left) but workers were also killed on the surrounding jetties, on supply ships, and constructing the approach railways.
	www.forthbridgememorial.org /bridge.htm (172 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Scotland \| Human toll of an iconic crossing
		The Forth bridge, which is painted a distinctive red colour, was constructed using more than 54,000 tons of steel.
		The last of the bridge's 6.5 million rivets - this one made out of gold - was tapped into place by Edward, Prince of Wales on 4 March, 1890.
		The bridge closed on Sunday for eight days to allow 170 workers to carry out repair and painting work as part of a £13m facelift.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/uk_news/scotland/4710405.stm (1053 words)

	Forth Bridge
		The great Forth railway bridge was not the first cantilever bridge to be built, but it was certainly the longest.
		Designed by Benjamin Baker to bridge the Firth of Forth in Scotland, it utilized three towers, with cantilever arches extending from each.
		The result was two clear spans of 1700 feet each, almost four times as great as the span of the Britannia bridge.
	www.lhl.lib.mo.us /events_exhib/exhibit/exhibits/civil/forth.shtml (160 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Sci-Tech - Infrared cameras will see through Forth Road Bridge dummy runs
		The new system - called Cyclops - is being tested by Forth Road Bridge officials who fear that solo drivers will use dummies and blow-up dolls to try and pay cheaper tolls when they cross the bridge.
		A Cyclops-type system is seen as necessary for the Forth Road Bridge because many drivers are expected to switch to automatic electronic toll payment when it is introduced next summer.
		The Forth Estuary Transport Authority (FETA), which operates the bridge, is jointly funding the £40,000 trial with the Scottish Executive, using technology developed at Loughborough University in Leicestershire.
	news.scotsman.com /scitech.cfm?id=2319702005 (893 words)

	THE FORTH RAIL BRIDGE
		Tancred–Arrol, constructed the bridge, robustly designed in the aftermath of the Tay Bridge disaster by civil engineers Sir John Fowler and Benjamin Baker.
		The bridge’s construction involved the employment of 4,000 men at times, the use of 54,000 tonnes of steel and driving 6,500,000 rivets.
		During operations, rescue boats were stationed under each cantilever saving at least 8 lives, but still 57 men lost their lives.
	www.forthbridges.org.uk /railbridgemain.htm (391 words)

	The Forth Bridge to Aberdour
		The Forth Bridge, completed in 1890, carries rail traffic into North Queensferry station and is a spectacular sight at night when it is floodlit.
		The Forth Road Bridge is a younger and smaller cousin, being completed in 1964 and spanning a slightly shorter distance of 1.5 miles.
		The views from the bridge are varied and impressive - a time when 360 degree vision is highly desirable.
	homepages.tesco.net /~fcp/coast_01.htm (1685 words)

	Structurae [en]: Forth Rail Bridge (1890) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Firth of Forth Rail Bridge, Forth Railway Bridge, Firth of Forth Bridge
		Fifty-seven men died building the bridge, while eight others were saved by safety boats under the structure.
		Mackay, Sheila Bridge Across the Century, Moubray House, Edinburgh (United Kingdom), ISBN 0948473002, 1990.
	en.structurae.de /structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0000024 (482 words)

	Forth Bridge Travel - Timeshare Information
		The Forth Railway Bridge, depicted above, spans the Firth of Forth in Scotland near Edinburgh.
		This bridge is designed to withstand two hurricanes occurring at the same time, one going upriver on one bank while the other is going downriver on the opposite bank.
		Since it was designed shortly after another bridge had been destroyed by high winds, the designers played it a little bit safe with the Forth Bridge.
	www.forthbridgetravel.com (239 words)

	Overview of Forth Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Located 9 miles (14 km) west of Edinburgh, the Forth Railway Bridge is a remarkable cantilever structure which is still regarded as an engineering marvel and is recognised the world over.
		The bridge was built to carry the two tracks of the North British Railway the 1½ miles (2½ km) over the Firth of Forth between South Queensferry and North Queensferry, at a height of 46m (150 feet) above the high tide.
		The bridge remains in regular use, carrying the main east coast line over to Fife and eventually onwards to Dundee and Aberdeen, although the stresses placed on the bridge by modern trains are much less than their much heavier steam-powered predecessors.
	www.geo.ed.ac.uk /scotgaz/features/featurefirst1053.html (285 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Scotland \| Forth Road Bridge closure warning
		The Forth Road Bridge could be closed to all traffic in less than 14 years unless action is taken to strengthen its main cables, a report has warned.
		The inspection predicted that by 2014 the bridge would be shut to heavy goods vehicles and by 2019 it would have to close to all traffic.
		"There has been a flurry of stories about the Forth road bridge, either saying that it will need to be replaced or that tolls will have to be increased to £4," he went on.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/uk_news/scotland/4446994.stm (352 words)

	Scotlands Forth Rail Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Forth Bridge was started in 1882, and opened in1890 at a cost of £2.25 million.
		The bridge celebrated it's centenary in style and will continue to be used well into the 21st century.
		The first bomb dropped by Germany during W.W.II was aimed at the bridge but luckily missed.
	www.scotlandvacations.com /forthbridge.htm (58 words)

	The ForthRight Alliance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Groups opposed to plans for a Second Forth Road Bridge lodged a petition with the Scottish Parliament on 28 February 2006 urging the Scottish Executive to have all the facts at its disposal before committing spending towards the construction of a Second Forth Road Bridge.
		It is our belief that all options to maintain and preserve the existing bridge (such as replacement cables and dehumidification), demand management (including a variable charging regime), and the delivery of sustainable transport alternatives must be fully explored before a further new bridge is actively pursued.
		Furthermore we seek assurances that the results of the Scottish Executive's audit of FETA's research on the current condition of the Forth Road Bridge will be released into the public domain as soon as this information is available.
	www.forthrightalliance.org (275 words)

	Scotland: Forth Rail Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This solid cantilever bridge, built by Sir William Arrol, was opened in 1890.
		The bridge crosses the River Forth between South Queensferry and North Queensferry, and still carries the East Coast mainline railway north from Edinburgh to Perth and Dundee.
		Gazetteer for Scotland entry for the Forth Bridge
	www.geo.ed.ac.uk /home/scotland/forail.html (102 words)

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