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Topic: Fortified wall

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	Berlin Wall - MSN Encarta
		Berlin Wall, fortified wall surrounding West Berlin, built in 1961 and maintained by the former German Democratic Republic (GDR), commonly known as East Germany, until 1989.
		The Berlin Wall was a highly visible symbol of the Cold War, the post-1945 struggle between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and its allies, including East Germany, and the United States and its allies.
		Although the GDR announced that the wall was needed to prevent military aggression and political interference from West Germany, the East German government built tank traps and ditches along the eastern side of the wall, suggesting that it was constructed to keep East German citizens in.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761580628/Berlin_Wall.html (537 words)

	WSO\| Moroccan Wall of Shame
		The wall cuts diagonally through Western Sahara, extending from the north-east corner down to the south-west, near the Mauritanian border, granting Morocco the two-thirds of the territory which contain most of the fertile land, the coast with its excellent fishing industry, huge phosphate deposits, and recently discovered oil reserves.
		However, the wall is dubbed by the Sahrawis "The Wall of Shame".
		The wall was built in six stages, and the area behind the wall was expanded from a small area near Morocco in the north, to most of the western and central part of the country gradually.
	www.wsahara.net /morberm.html (379 words)

	Berlin Wall - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Berlin Wall, fortified wall surrounding West Berlin, built in 1961 and maintained by the former German Democratic Republic (GDR), commonly known as...
		After the war, the boundary between East and West Berlin was drawn through the heart of the city.
		- fortified wall surrounding West Berlin, Germany, built in 1961 to prevent East German citizens traveling to the West.
	encarta.msn.com /Berlin_Wall.html (163 words)

	Fortification; Fort; Fortified Cities; Fortress (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) :: Bible Tools
		The report of cities "great and fortified up to heaven," inhabited by the sons of Anak, by Amalekites, Hittites, Jebusites, Amorites and Canaanites, struck terror into the hearts of the Israelites in the wilderness, and called forth murmurings from them on their way to Canaan (Numbers 13:28 ff.; Deuteronomy 1:28).
		The outer wall when it was added to strengthen the inner was the chel, rendered in the English version "bulwark" (Isaiah 26:1) or "rampart" (Nahum 3:8, where the waters of the Nile served the same purpose).
		The walls of a later time, as we learn from Assyrian representations, were provided with battlements, very often crenellated, and "thy pinnacles of rubies" (Isaiah 54:12, the Revised Version (British and American), the Revised Version, margin "windows") may refer to them.
	bibletools.org /index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/ISBE/ID/3539 (4913 words)

	Glossary of Siege Warfare terms - part 2
		A stone replacement for the wooden walls of a bailey (of a motte-and-bailey structure) usually restricted by the size of the original mound.
		The walled enclosure or courtyard of a castle.
		Such a gallery may also be used to provide cover at the top of a fortified wall or around a window on the wall (for a toilet, etc.).
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/wargaming/75043 (459 words)

	EXTREME LEGO - The Ultimate Lego Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		In order to qualify for the size class the outer wall must be on more than half of the plate.
		Walls - A wall (or story) is always equivalent to 5 bricks in height.
		If all 4 of outer walls of the castle are made of fortified bricks 2 peg wide bricks, however there are rooms, structures, towers, etc, made of regular 1 peg width bricks on the interior, the castle is still considered fortified.
	internal.tbi.net /~max/legoRPG-castlewars.htm (620 words)

	Chania: Architecture of wall building
		The enclosure wall of the final phase (after 1538) presents all the characteristics of a typical bastioned fortress.
		At the southern corners of the enclosure wall, two strong orillion bastions (bastioni a orecchioni) enfilade their fire with the fire from the flanks of a platform bastion (piattaforma) placed in the centre of the long southern wall and defending the intervening curtain walls (cortine).
		At the northern corners of the rectangular enclosure wall stood two demi-bastions (mezzi baluardi), that is, bastions with a single flank, which assured the enfilade fire necessary to defend the eastern and western curtain walls; the walls facing the sea are straight, since the danger of assault from this side was considered minor.
	www.unibg.it /walledtowns/chania4_en.htm (771 words)

	History of Termez
		In the middle of the 10 th century the territory of the suburb town (rabad) with its structures occupying an area of 163 hectares is surrounded by a fortified wall.
		According to sources of the 10 th century, Termez consisted of a citadel, medina (the town center), rabad (suburb) and the territory with the Arab name “suradikat”, the place of the orchards and country residence of the Termez nobles (area 175 hectares).
		In the 11 th century the territory of “suradikat” is surrounded by a wall and a palace complex is built.
	www.advantour.com /uzbekistan/termez/history.htm (668 words)

	Iranica.com - FORTIFICATIONS
		On the eastern side of the wall lies a heap of stones, the remains of a small halting-place or a tower, the exact measures of which are unknown.
		The remains of the wall end in the west, north of Gom^æa@n, at a distance of about 5 km from the Caspian Sea coast, which is due to the variation in the level of the Caspian (now 27 m under sea level) and the very flat level of the coastline.
		The fortified wall near the ruined city of Tamm^æa at the foot of the Alborz mountains is built of clay and baked brick (36 x 36 x 10 cm).
	www.iranica.com /articles/v10f1/v10f131.html (1326 words)

	bible.org: ISBE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The report of cities "great and fortified up to heaven," inhabited by the sons of Anak, by Amalekites, Hittites, Jebusites, Amorites and Canaanites, struck terror into the hearts of the Israelites in the wilderness, and called forth murmurings from them on their way to Canaan (Nu 13:28 ff; Dt 1:28).
		The outer wall when it was added to strengthen the inner was the chel, rendered in the English version "bulwark" (Isa 26:1) or "rampart" (Nah 3:8, where the waters of the Nile served the same purpose).
		The walls of a later time, as we learn from Assyrian representations, were provided with battlements, very often crenellated, and "thy pinnacles of rubies" (Isa 54:12, the Revised Version (British and American), the Revised Version, margin "windows") may refer to them.
	www.bible.org /isbe.asp?id=3539 (4711 words)

	Sharon's Wall - Threat To All Religious Groups
		The tall and ugly electrified wall being built around the town of Bethlehem and its famous Church of the Nativity is but a small part of the more than 400-mile-long fortified wall designed to separate the population of the Holy Land into two ghettoes-one Israeli, the other Palestinian.
		Depicted by the mass media as a self-defense measure required to foil Palestinian terror attacks, the wall is actually the beginning of the final phase of a long-planned appropriation of Palestinian land and water resources begun decades ago by the current Israeli prime minister.
		The real objective of the wall is the <>de facto<> annexation of Palestinian land to Israel and the eventual expulsion of the native population from their homes and land, according to Stop the Wall, a Palestinian "anti-apartheid" organization.
	www.rense.com /general46/relig.htm (876 words)

	Hadrian's Wall - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Hadrian's Wall, ancient Roman defensive wall in northern Britain that originally ran 117 km (73 mi) from the Solway Firth in the west to the mouth...
		Antonine Wall, the most northerly of the permanent lines of defence erected by the Romans to protect the northern boundary of Britain (in...
		- ancient Roman wall in N England: a fortified wall built across northern England in the early 2nd century on the orders of the Roman emperor Hadrian, as a defence against the Picts.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Hadrian's_Wall.html (155 words)

	Israel: Sharon government builds fortified wall around West Bank (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		In reality, the wall is consistent with schemes to ethnically cleanse those areas presently inhabited by the Palestinian people and grab the land for the Israeli state.
		Huge walled arms are expected to punch deep into the occupied territory, especially around the holy cities of Nablus and Hebron, which have been settled by extremist, religious Jews.
		The partly constructed wall is already causing large-scale tensions in the region, as it serves jointly as a border, military checkpoint and all-encompassing mass surveillance system.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2003/feb2003/isra-f04.shtml (990 words)

	Old Montréal - Following the Trail of the Fortified City
		The scarp—the inner wall or slope of a ditch, the counterscarp—the outer wall of a ditch; and the ditch itself are exposed along more than 250-metre which encompassed half of the Saint-Laurent stronghold to the west, and the Jesuit stronghold to the east.
		These elements exemplify a complete fortified front and demonstrate the rules of symmetry governing the construction of a fortified wall.
		The position of the scarp, the supporting wall of the terreplein—a level space used to mount a battery of guns—and the terreplein itself, are all visibly marked on the ground.
	www.vieux.montreal.qc.ca /fortif/eng/decouva.htm (532 words)

	Akko: The Maritime Capital of the Crusader Kingdom
		The importance of Akko — a well protected, fortified city with a deepwater port — is reflected in its eventful history during the period of Crusader rule in the Holy Land.
		These fortifications were built along the sea to the west and south of the city, while in the east and north a mighty wall (probably a double wall) with a broad, deep moat separated the city from the mainland.
		Buildings from the Crusader period, including the city walls, were partially or completely buried beneath buildings of the 18th and 19th centuries, when the city was part of the Ottoman Empire.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Archaeology/Akko.html (1608 words)

	Nehemiah was a cupbearer for king Artaxerxes
		The purpose of a wall surrounding a city is to separate it from the rest of the world, strengthen the city in time of attack and provide stability against the enemy.
		Our spiritual walls provide us with the protection to accomplish this, but we must stand guard and be strong.
		In reading about the Great Wall of China, I discovered that during the first one hundred years the wall existed no enemy was able to penetrate it.
	whitfords.org /SpiritualWalls.htm (1801 words)

	Manas: Culture, Architecture of India, Fort Architecture
		Generally, most palaces were built as inner citadels surrounded by the city and enclosed by a fortified wall as at Chittorgarh and Jaisalmer.
		A huge battlemented wall with bastions and towers at regular intervals, loopholed for musketry, encloses the city.
		The City Palace is at the center ofthe walled city and is a spectacular synthesis of Rajput and Mughal architectural styles.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /southasia/Culture/Archit/ForArch.html (679 words)

	Anti-Apartheid Wall Campaign: Villages in South Hebron isolated between the Apartheid Wall and fortified Jewish-only ...
		The aim of the Occupation in this area is to fortify the Jewish-only settlement road #60 with a wall on either side.
		It further highlights the futility of any kind of “changes in the Wall`s path” which the Occupation has publicized to ensure international complicity in their plans - both sides completely ignoring that Palestinians demand the Wall to fall and not to be “modified”.
		As a result the area is completely imprisoned, with the Jewish-only road fortified by walls running to the north of the villages, and the Apartheid Wall to the south.
	stopthewall.org /latestnews/1072.shtml (439 words)

	Photos of York, England
		Hadrian's Wall is an ancient fortified wall that crosses northern England at its narrowest point, between the River Tyne and the Solway Firth.
		This wall was temporarily superseded by the ANTONINE WALL in 142, but it was reoccupied in 158 and remained the frontier after abandonment (c.180) of the Antonine fortifications until withdrawal (c.400) of the Roman army from Britain.
		Hadrian's Wall was not meant to serve as an actual line of defense, but rather as a barrier to large-scale, swift movement by hostile forces and as a screen behind which Roman troops could maneuver.
	www.mine-engineer.com /hobby/photo/york1.htm (630 words)

	Santa Cruz Sentinel Forums: Berlin Wall
		The Berlin Wall served as an indicator to the rest of the world of the failure of Communist society.
		They had to build a wall to keep their people in while at this time we need to build a wall on our southern border to keep people out.
		In the West, the Berlin Wall was regarded as a major symbol of communist oppression.
	forums.santacruzsentinel.com /cgi-bin/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic&f=1&t=003916&p=1 (1181 words)

	Introduction
		The wall was similar in conception and in type of construction to the fortification wall of Tiryns.
		When the Acropolis was built up in the Mycenaean Age, before it was surrounded by a fortified wall, the main structure was the wall that retained the Terrace which became later the Terrace of the Old Temple.
		When the Acropolis was rebuilt after the Persian destruction, the line of the walls was radically changed on the west by the construction of the Periclean Propylaia and on the south side by the erection of the Cimonian Wall, but on the north side it remained essentially what it had been in the Mycenaean Age.
	www.metrum.org /key/athens/introduction.htm (1750 words)

	Democratic Underground Forums - Israeli wall drives Palestinians to despair
		Israel says the 360km fortified wall that will encircle the West Bank is vital to prevent terrorism.
		The route of the wall is still being decided but settlers are pushing for it to include them and holy sites on the Israeli side, taking land from Palestinians in the West Bank.
		A rise in house demolitions, the exile of militants and their families and the wall have heightened Palestinian worries of an escalation in Israeli operations while world attention is focused on a war against Iraq.
	www.democraticunderground.com /duforum/DCForumID30/6321.html (365 words)

	prazsmar
		Saxon fortified church built in the partially in the XV then in the XVII century.
		The church has a thick wall and in the wall are built in 272 rooms.
		A view of the church and some of the living quarters, from the arch of the entrance through the wall.
	www3.telus.net /gdraskoy/castles/en/prazsmar.html (199 words)

	Castles of Northumberland & Durham - NORTH COUNTRY WEB
		Fortified homes or cities were built throughout Europe and the rest of the World for over three thousand years prior to that, although the first serious fortifications in Britain were constructed by the Romans during their 400 year occupation until the fifth Century.
		The entire Estate has a perimeter wall within which the rare Chillingham Castle have been protected from cross breading, privately owned the estate is open to visitors.
		The castle was built by the Thomas Earl of Lancaster a nephew of King Edward II in the early 14th Century to defend the harbour of Craster and changed hands four times during the Wars of the Roses in the 15th Century.
	www.roman-wall.co.uk /castles.htm (2499 words)

	Sharon’s Wall
		The tall and ugly electrified wall being built around the town of Bethlehem and its famous Church of the Nativity is but a small part of the more than 400-mile-long fortified wall designed to separate the population of the Holy Land into two ghettoes–one Israeli, the other Palestinian.
		The unemployment rate, which was 18 percent in 2000, rose to 78 percent in the spring of 2003 as a result.
		If the wall is completed according to plans laid out by the Israeli army, some 54 percent of the West Bank will be on the Jewish side of the barrier–and effectively annexed by Israel.
	www.americanfreepress.net /12_21_03/Sharon_s_Wall/sharon_s_wall.html (893 words)

	Fortification, Fort, Fortified Cities, Fortress - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
		The report of cities "great and fortified up to heaven," inhabited by the sons of Anak, by Amalekites, Hittites, Jebusites, Amorites and Canaanites, struck terror into the hearts of the Israelites in the wilderness, and called forth murmurings from them on their way to Canaan (Numbers 13:28; Deuteronomy 1:28).
		Towers were sometimes built at the corners or at points on the wall where attack was to be apprehended (Zec 1:16; 2 Chronicles 14:7).
		Within the citadel were found the walls and rooms of Canaanite houses, and in many cases remains of infants buried in jars under the clay floors (Driver, Modern Research as Illustrating the Bible, 91).
	www.searchgodsword.org /enc/isb/view.cgi?number=T3539 (4684 words)

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