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	Fortified wine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A fortified wine is a wine to which additional alcohol has been added, most commonly in the form of brandy (a spirit distilled from wine).
		The original reason for fortification was to preserve wines, as the higher alcohol level and additional sweetness (if the alcohol is added before fermentation finishes, killing the yeast and leaving residual sugar) help to preserve the wine.
		Fortified wines must be distinguished from spirits made from wine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fortified_wine (191 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Wine
		To make red wine, by contrast, red grapes are merely crushed before spending a part or the whole of their fermentation period, plus in many cases a period of pre- or post-fermentation maceration, or soaking, in contact with the grape skins.
		Fortified wines are made by adding high-strength spirit (usually brandy) to must or to partially fermented wine.
		Its finest wines are its sherries, produced by fortification, oxidative ageing, and fractional blending in the Jerez area; and the soft red wines of Rioja and Ribera del Duero.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576868/Wine.html (2612 words)

	WINE - LoveToKnow Article on WINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The centre of the wine trade of Ohio is at Sandusky on the shores of Lake Erie.
		The wines grown on the Pacific slope are generally of a mild and sweet character, resembling in general nature the wines of southern Europe (Italy, Spain, Portugal).
		In the eastern and middle states the wines produced are of a lighter type and of drier flavour, and are somewhat similar to the growths of Germany and France.
	34.1911encyclopedia.org /W/WI/WINE.htm (1792 words)

	that's the SPIRIT! › Wine > Fortified wines
		Fortified wines were born of the need to preserve European wines on long trade voyages during the 16th and 17th centuries.
		On long sea voyages, fortified wines were able to withstand the wildly fluctuating temperatures and constant motion they were subjected to in the ship's hold.
		All sherries are fortified with grape brandy, from regular wine's 12 to 15 percent alcohol for lighter styles to 18 percent or more for the fullest styles.
	www.thatsthespirit.com /en/wine/wine_fortified.asp (738 words)

	* Fortified - (Wine): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Fortified wine Usually sweet wine, in which the alcoholic fermentation is stopped before all the sugar has been consumed, by the addition of brandy.
		Wine which has had alchohol added to it during the fermentation process to raise the overall alchohol level of the final wine.
		In Portugal Verdelho is used to produce fortified wines and it is a major component in the famous wines of Madeira.
	www.bestknows.com /wine/fortified.html (1236 words)

	Fortified Wine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A wine is considered "fortified" when alcohol is added during the production process, increasing the alcohol content generally 6-8%.
		The point in wine production when the Brandy is added also affects the style of fortified wine that is produced.
		Port, is perhaps the most famous of the fortified wines.
	www30.brinkster.com /wines/fort.htm (253 words)

	Wine Australia - Wine Styles - Fortified Wines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Fortified wines hold a proud place in Australian wine history and continue to hold a special place in the hearts of aficionados of fine and dessert-style wines.
		Wine fortification, which generally involves the addition of a small amount of brandy spirit to the partly fermented red wine, ensures that colours and flavours are retained, regardless of the wines’ storage or treatment.
		After fortification, the wine is generally left to mature in small oak barrels, sometimes for decades, maturing into complex, aromatic wines, with immense depth and concentration of flavour.
	www.wineaustralia.com /global/WineStyles/WineGroup.aspx?p=34 (556 words)

	mrwizard - WineMaker Magazine: What is the best way for a home winemaker to make fortified wines?
		Whether it's a must being fortified (in the case of port), or a finished low-alcohol wine being fortified (as in the case of some other specialty beverages), the result is still a "fortified" wine.
		Other fortified wines are just simply products of a normal gone-to-dry fermentation that has had alcohol added to it to boost the ethanol percentage either for stability (in the case of wines to which sugar has been added as well) or for alcohol's own sake.
		For home winemakers to make a fortified wine with some residual sugar, they simply must fortify (add brandy or other spirits) the fermenting juice and arrest the fermentation (by killing off the yeast with the high alcohol content) while the desired amount of sugar still remains in the fermenter.
	www.winemakermag.com /mrwizard/123.html (638 words)

	Wine Tidbits - What is a fortified wine?
		Port, Sherry, Madeira, Malaga, Tokay, Frontignan and Frontignac are all fortified wines.
		Wines are ‘fortified’ to higher alcohol content by adding brandy or neutral spirit hence the name fortified wines.
		All Madeiras are fortified with pure grape brandy at the appropriate stage during fermentation, determined by the grape variety and/or style being produced.
	www.uncork.com.au /tidbits6.htm (840 words)

	Parker Wine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A fortified wine is a wine to which additional alcohol has been added, most commonly in the form of brandy (a distilled spirit).
		See wine for an article about the beverage of the same name.'' Wine is a project to allow a PC running a Unix-like operating system and the X Window System to run x86 programs for Microsoft Windows.
		Sometimes the forms "WINE" and "wine" of the name are used, however the developers have agreed on the now correct "Wine".
	www.blownspeakers.com /pages3/65/parker-wine.html (943 words)

	Dessert Wines - Fortified Wine Production
		Sherry is a fortified wine (white) from Spain that employs three important aspects: aging, controlled oxidation and fractional blending (via the solera).
		Marsala wine is produced on the island of Sicily in Italy in a process very similar to Sherry where the fortification occurs after fermentation and the wine is aged in a set of casks much like a solera.
		Port wines (and wines called vin doux naturel in France) are fortified with alcohol during the fermentation process to allow the wine to retain considerable sweetness.
	www.musingsonthevine.com /tips_des2.shtml (967 words)

	Waitrose.com - How Wine is Made: Fortified Wine Page
		Fortified wines, also known as liqueur wines, are so called because they have been fortified (strengthened) by the addition of grape spirit.
		The main categories of fortified wine are outlined below, with the range of styles in each category and their most significant characteristics.
		The wines are aged in wood, usually under a hot tin roof, and often in a solera system similar to that used for sherry.
	www.waitrose.com /food_drink/waitrosewineguide/howwineismade/howwineismadefortifiedwine.asp (1954 words)

	A port primer Ruby / Whether ruby, tawny or classic vintage, port is a sweet fortified wine with a history as rich as ...
		Wine not shipped downriver is aged and bottled by some of the 28,000 independent growers for their own estate-bottled "Quinta Portos," a relatively recent development in Portugal.
		Ruby ports are a blend of youthful wines selected for their concentration and richness, whose basic characteristics haven't been altered by long exposure to air through the wood of oak aging casks, and which have retained their primary flavors and intense fruit aromas.
		At the basic level are wines labeled simply as tawny port, which are aged not much longer than ruby port and derive their lightness and elegance from having less color extraction because of shorter skin-to-juice contact at the time of fermentation, or by blending with white port.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/11/13/WIGEV2VJD31.DTL (2436 words)

	ENJOYING PORT WINE - Into Wine
		ORT is a fortified wine from the remote vineyards in Portugal's Douro Valley.
		Wine production in the Douro Valley was revolutionized — vineyards were literally built out of the mountain, resin-treated goat skins were traded for wooden barrels, transportation of the barrels down-river was organized, and the shippers built warehouses or "lodges" in Vila Nova de Gaia to store their wines.
		A story is told of a wine merchant in Liverpool, who in 1678, sent his sons to Portugal to find a wine source.
	www.intowine.com /port.html (1787 words)

	Port Wine
		Usually these wines are less astringent and full-bodied than Vintage Ports of the same year, yet equally harmonious; their smoothness and elegance varies according to the individual style of the producer.
		The age that is given on the label expresses the nature of the wine as regards the characteristics that are conferred on it through aging in wood.
		Fortified wine - a special type of wine where, not excluding other situations duly defined in European Union legislation, the natural fermentation of the must produced by grapes is interrupted by adding grape brandy, as in the case of Port Wine.
	www.goodcooking.com /portinfo.htm (1615 words)

	* Marsala - (Wine): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Wines very rich in alcohol, like sherry, Madeira, port, and Vin Santo, even marsala, are given a deliberately oxidized finish.
		Tuscany is famous for the red wines of the various Chianti zones.
		They are often served as dessert wines because of their rich, sweet flavors...
	www.bestknows.com /wine/marsala.html (453 words)

	Fortified Wines - Into Wine
		These new fortified wines were then better able to withstand the rigors of a long journey in the hold of a ship and the wildly fluctuating temperatures they would encounter.
		Once these wines reached their destination, they were often preferred to the regular wine normally served, because of their higher alcohol content, robust flavors and firm texture.
		This rich, sweet, raisiny wine was traditionally made by leaving the grapes out in the sun on grass mats for 7 to 20 days to concentrate the natural sugars.
	www.intowine.com /fortified.html (970 words)

	Waitrose.com - Fortified wine - Food Glossary
		This is a generic term which encompasses a wide range of wines, all of which have been strengthened and flavoured with some type of spirit.
		Fortified wines sold in Waitrose include sherry, port, vermouth and Madeira.
		It is made from light white wine that is fortified with grape spirit and then aged in oak casks for flavour.
	www.waitrose.com /food_drink/Recipes/glossary/foodglossary/Fortifiedwine.asp (142 words)

	Wine by Country - VINTAGES – Fine Wine and Premium Spirits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This is the wine to serve to the carnivores at the party who are salivating at the grill.
		Situated on the Stellenbosch wine route, Zevenwacht is a gorgeous winery known for its hospitality and history.
		Made principally with Negroamaro, the resulting wines have a reputation for being smooth, ripe and flavourful and are excellent companions for richer barbecued meats.
	www.vintages.com /circular/1/fine-red-white-wines.html (3324 words)

	Sherry bucks its old-fogy image / A fortified wine with many styles, it's worth exploring (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Fortified wines shouldn't be hard to understand; they're wines that have had alcoholic spirit added to them.
		The other well-known fortified wines, port and madeira chief among them, usually have spirit added in order to kill the yeast before fermentation can finish.
		Imagine a wine that is 15.5 percent alcohol tasting as delicate as a low-alcohol German Riesling.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/11/27/WIGPG3ANMU1.DTL (1531 words)

	Southern Living: Foods: Entertaining: Food & Wine F.A.Q.s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Basically, fortification of a wine simply means a neutral, high-alcohol spirit, such as brandy, is added to the wine during or after fermentation, resulting in a sweet fortified wine or a dry one, respectively.
		Fortified wines are made all over the world and some of the most popular fortified are Sherry (Jerez, Spain), Port (Douro region of Portugal), Madeira (Maderia, Portugal), and Marsala (Sicily, Italy).
		When flavorings such as herbs and spices are added to a fortified wine, it's called an aromatized wine.
	www.southernliving.com /southern/foods_ss/entertaining/section1_03.html (118 words)

	AllRefer.com - port, wine (Alcoholic Beverages) - Encyclopedia
		port [from Oporto], fortified wine made in Portugal from grapes grown in the Douro valley; Portuguese law allows only this wine to be called port.
		Vintage port is wine of an exceptional year, kept in cask for two or three years, then matured in bottles : much of it for 25 years.
		Ruby port, generally a blend of wines of different vintages, is stored in wood and bottled before it loses its clear, red color.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/portwine.html (279 words)

	feature - WineMaker Magazine: Fruit Port
		Port wines are steeped in history and date back to sometime in the 17th century.
		It’s worth noting that some wineries may make a fruit wine and then distill this wine to get a very flavorful fortifying agent to add to their fermenting ports to stop the fermentation.
		As the wine is going to be diluted with the fortifying agent, the acidity and fruit flavors will be diminished somewhat.
	www.winemakermag.com /feature/394.html (1611 words)

	PORT FORTIFIED WINE FROM OPORTO PORTUGAL - PUBLIC HOUSES, TAVERNS WINE BARS BREWING AND DISTILLING - MISS BUDWEISER ...
		The alcohol content of fortified wines is higher than that of table wines, ranging from 14 to 23 percent.
		Other fortified wines include Madeira, from the Portuguese island of that name; Marsala, from Sicily; Malaga, from the south of Spain; Port, from Portugal; and certain aromatic wines.
		They may be wines such as sherry, but they are more likely to be brandies or liqueurs.
	www.budweiser-beer.net /port.htm (1838 words)

	Dessert Wines - Non-Fortified Wine Production
		Sauternes is a sweet dessert wine made in the Bordeaux region of France from the appellation of Sauternes, south of Graves.
		Grapes used to make BA wines must achieve a ripeness of between 26% and 30% sugar before picking and are frequently botrytis-affected, which only serves to further intensify the sugar levels.
		Unlike Sauternes or other non-fortified dessert wines, the fermentation process is problematic because the extreme ripeness of the grapes elevates sugar levels to a point where the yeast cannot function effectively, which means that TBA wines rarely reach alcohol levels beyond 6% by volume.
	www.musingsonthevine.com /tips_des3.shtml (1356 words)

	What is port? : Wine Types
		Port is a 'fortified' wine that originates in the Douro Valley, Portugal.
		In the seafaring days when this occurred, something had to be done to wine to allow it to survive the long ocean journeys.
		Wines altered like this were called "fortified wines", and port is one of the more famous of the fortifieds.
	www.answerbag.com /q_view.php/3372 (318 words)

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