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Topic: Fortress Louisbourg

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	Louisbourg
		Louisbourg, 18th-century fortified town, capital and major settlement of the French colony of Île Royale (Cape Breton I), 1713-58.
		Louisbourg was besieged in 1745 during the WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION by troops from New England supported by the Royal Navy, and in 1758 by the British army and navy.
		The fall of Louisbourg, with the capture of Québec in 1759 and Montréal in 1760, ended France's military and colonial power in N America, although SAINT-PIERRE AND MIQUELON, acquired by France in 1763 after the SEVEN YEARS' WAR, partly replaced Île Royale as a base for the fishing industry.
	www.canadianencyclopedia.ca /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0004781 (570 words)

	Fortress Louisbourg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fortress Louisbourg (in French, Forteresse de Louisbourg) is a Canadian National Historic Site and the location of a partial reconstruction of an 18th century French fortress at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia.
		As construction progressed and the settlement and its economy grew, Fortress Louisbourg soon became an important hub for commerce between France, New France, and French colonies in the West Indies.
		That expedition, led by General James Wolfe (a Colonel in the Louisbourg expedition) succeeded at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham on September 13, 1759 giving Britain control of the entire Atlantic seaboard.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fortress_Louisbourg (1600 words)

	History of Nova Scotia; Bk. 1, Acadia; Part 3, Annapolis Royal and Louisbourg (1713-45); Ch. 2, Louisbourg -- Its ...
		A stone fortress was a major governmental project, and, while usually under the direct supervision of high ranking military officers, the work was handled by private companies under the direction of the highest of military officials.
		Fortress Louisbourg was located on a bulbous peninsula with a boggy isthmus; water to three sides and a northern swamp to the forth.
		Louisbourg like all "Vauban forts" was star shaped and the fortifications were to be pierced by embrasures for 148 cannon, though not more than 90 were ever actually mounted.
	www.blupete.com /Hist/NovaScotiaBk1/Part3/Ch02.htm (3721 words)

	Fortress of Louisbourg, Nova Scotia
		The walled Fortress of Louisboug on the eastern tip of Nova Scotia in Canada was the gateway to the St. Lawrence River leading all the way to the Great Lakes.
		Turns out locals from Louisbourg, angered that the fortress had hired workers from out of town, were blocking buses to the fortress.
		Louisbourg residents built much of the fortress between the 1960s and 80s as the coal mines in the area slowly closed.
	www.seacoastnh.com /dct/louisbourg.html (1029 words)

	Fortress Louisbourg - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Fortress Louisbourg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The original Louisbourg was fortified in the first half of the 18th century to control the entrance to the Gulf of St Lawrence.
		The fortress, staffed in the tourist season by actors playing French inhabitants from 1744, is a major tourist attraction.
		The Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Park is Canada's largest (6,700 ha/16,550 acres).
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Fortress+Louisbourg (254 words)

	Nova Scotia, Canada - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		Louisbourg's massive fortification, based on the geometric style of Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, was intended to resist attack from the sea.
		Louisbourg, however, was vulnerable to attack from the rear.
		The fortress was later returned to the French by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, but Louisbourg was conquered again in 1758 by a British force of 27,000 troops during the Seven Years' War, a worldwide conflict that was called the French and Indian War in its North American phase.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /nova_scotia.htm (974 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Louisbourg, Nova Scotia
		Louisbourg is a town in southeastern Cape Breton Island, in Cape Breton Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada.
		The name was given by French military forces who founded a large fortified seaport on the southwest part of the harbour (see Fortress Louisbourg), in honour of Louis XV.
		Incorporated in 1901, the Town of Louisbourg was one of several municipal units which were amalgamated into the Cape Breton Regional Municipality in 1995.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Louisbourg%2C-Nova-Scotia (619 words)

	Fortress_Louisbourg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		'''Fortress Louisbourg''' (in {{llFrench}}, '''''Forteresse de Louisbourg''''') is a Canadian National Historic Site and the location of a partial reconstruction of an 18th century French fortress at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia.
		As construction progressed and the settlement and its economy grew, Fortress Louisbourg soon became an important hub for commerce between France, ''Nouvelle France'', and French colonies in the West Indies.
		While Louisbourg thrived, world geo-political events continued to evolve with the eventual deterioration in 1740 into the War of the Austrian Succession, with military operations in North America between French and British forces being referred to as King George's War.
	q-basic.xodox.de /Fortress_Louisbourg (1512 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Fortress Louisbourg
		Louisbourg, on Cape Breton Island Louisbourg is a town in southeastern Cape Breton Island, in Cape Breton Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada.
		French fortress at Louisbourg, partially reconstructed as a Canadian national historic site This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright.
		New France (French: la Nouvelle-France) describes the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River, by Jacques Cartier in 1534, to the cession of New France to the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1763.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Fortress-Louisbourg (4427 words)

	Fortress Louisbourg - InformationBlast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Fortress Louisbourg is a reconstruction of a French fortress located on Cape Breton Island in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.
		Originally established in 1713, Louisbourg was settled by the French to provide access to the nearby cod fishing grounds following the Treaty of Utrecht (1713).
		Almost 6000 prisoners were captured and the fortress was razed opening up the St Lawrence river, in so clearing the way for General James Wolfe to storm the Heights of Abraham and capture Quebec in 1759, destroying the French position in Canada.
	www.informationblast.com /Fortress_Louisbourg.html (1288 words)

	Schulers Books (The Great Fortress - 1/17)
		Louisbourg was no mere isolated stronghold which could be lost or won without affecting the wider issues of oversea dominion.
		The fortress of Louisbourg arose not from victory but from defeat; not from military strength but from naval weakness; not from a new, adventurous spirit of attack, but from a half-despairing hope of keeping one last foothold by the sea.
		Louisbourg was intended to be the general rendezvous of the transatlantic French fishing vessels; a great port of call between France, Canada, and the French West Indies; and a harbour of refuge in peace and war.
	www.schulers.com /books/wi/g/The_Great_Fortress (1348 words)

	Western Catholic Reporter -- Week of May 7, 2001
		Louisbourg, N.S. In 1727 a teaching sister of the Montreal-based Congregation of Notre Dame arrived in the fortified town of Louisbourg.
		A new exhibit at the Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Site entitled, The Sisters of Louisbourg: The Mission of the Congregation of Notre Dame, recounts the challenges and successes faced by this highly motivated religious community of women in establishing the first formal school for girls on Cape Breton Island.
		The Louisbourg artifacts are from the extensive archaeological collection at the fortress and represent literacy, religion and needlework.
	www.wcr.ab.ca /news/2001/0507/louisbourg050701.shtml (671 words)

	History of Nova Scotia; Acadia, Bk.7, Second Siege of Louisbourg: 1758.
		"Louisbourg was thus an important commercial centre as well as the greatest military stronghold on the northern coasts, and 'ships of all nations' rode at anchor in her ample port.
		Louisbourg was also the emporium of a fishing industry, which competed with the fishing industry of New England, employed fully 2,281 vessels, manned by 15,138 men, and is stated to have supported an export of 974,700 quintals of fish per annum."1
		In addition to the activity off the shores of Louisbourg which would have been either directly observed by Drucour or at least reported to him by the French fisherman or sailors as they came in from sea, there was the overland despatches being received from Fort Beauséjour.
	www.blupete.com /Hist/NovaScotiaBk1/Part7/Ch02.htm (1887 words)

	RV Lifestyle - Feature: The Fortress of Louisbourg
		Louisbourg was founded in 1713 by the Sun King, Louis 14th.
		An act was passed in the Nova Scotia Legislature in 1906 declaring Louisbourg to be a historic monument of the Dominion of Canada and a museum was opened in 1936.
		The Fortress is only a five minute drive from downtown to the reception centre, from there you are whisked away in commuter buses to the gates where you will step back in time to the summer of 1744 just before the great siege.
	www.rvlifemag.com /file314/louisbourg.html (1502 words)

	Louisbourg
		The administrative center was called Louisbourg in honor of King Louis XIV and had the great advantage of being located on an ice-free harbor.
		Louisbourg was of particular concern to New England shipping and fishing interests, since it served as the base for French privateers.
		The fall of Louisbourg was a pivotal event in the war, giving the British control of the mouth of the St. Lawrence River and opening the door to the fateful Quebec campaign of the following year.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h556.html (768 words)

	Legion Magazine : Fortress Louisbourg
		Although the actual price of the fortress was less than maintaining a strong naval force in the area, Louis XV was purported to have commented that he expected one fine morning to see the towers of Louisbourg piercing the western horizon at Versailles, such was the cost.
		Architecture at Louisbourg was described by LeBlanc, in a backhanded compliment, as "without being of exceptional quality it did not lack originality nor a certain elegance." It was, and is, composed of brick and stone and slate and wood--houses mostly of wood and more important residences of stone.
		Louisbourg is the only major colonial town in North America not to have had a modern city built on top of its foundations.
	www.legionmagazine.com /features/celebratingcanada/04-01.asp (2149 words)

	Fortress louisbourg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Start the Fortress louisbourg article or add a request for it.
		Look for Fortress louisbourg in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		You can check for Fortress louisbourg in the deletion log, or read its nomination for deletion if there is one.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/fortress_louisbourg (150 words)

	Fortress of Louisbourg 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		When Louisbourg had fallen to the armies of New England in 1745, she had been protected by a garrison of only 560 soldiers, three quarters of whom were marine troops.
		The Fortress' 100 cannons were tended by an elite group of artillery specialists who dressed in bright red uniforms.
		Loaded with a 13 pound charge, each of the Fortress mighty cannons was capable of firing a round over a mile and a half.
	www.fraserofwesthill.com /louisbourg1.html (146 words)

	THE STORY OF THE ACADIAN BELLS: THISE OF FORTRESS LOUISBOURG
		In Louisbourg, sometimes called "The Dream City of America," there were three bells at the Fortress, two at St. Clair's Monastery, one at the hospital and two at the parish of Notre-Dame of the Angels.
		After the conquest of Louisbourg it stayed in place for quite a number of years, when, around the beginning of the last century, it was brought to Halifax with other relics from Louisbourg.
		Of the three bells of the fortress of Louisbourg, it is the only one which is in the hands of the descendants of France.
	www.museeacadien.ca /english/archives/articles/59.htm (1090 words)

	The Cape Bretoner Magazine, CapeBretoner.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Today, thousands of visitors annually flock to Fortress Louisbourg, the site of many storied battles between the French and the British, to watch as volunteers bring history to life inside the walls of the rebuilt encampment.
		She remembers visiting Fortress Louisbourg and many other places in Cape Breton every summer when she was young, and Carla and her family now follow the same seasonal pattern, visiting many of the familiar tourist sites on their return trips.
		But the fortress was captured in 1745 by New Englanders and traded hands between the French and the British until 1760, when the fortifications were destroyed.
	www.capebretoner.com /archives/04-12-02a.html (1019 words)

	Parks Canada - Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Site of Canada
		A visit to the Fortress of Louisbourg — the largest reconstructed 18th-century French fortified town in North America — is a series of experiences that set a mood.
		The Fortress was one if the busiest harbours in North America during the 18th century and one of France's key economic and military centres in the New World.
		A visit to the Fortress of Louisbourg -the largest reconstructed 18th-century French fortified town in North America is a series of experiences that set a mood.
	www.parkscanada.gc.ca /lhn-nhs/ns/louisbourg/index_E.asp (207 words)

	Fortress of Louisbourg, Photos Page 2
		That is fortress namesake Louis IX depicted on the portrait behind the chandelier.
		Louisbourg does a superb job of making the most out of a very small army of paid and volunteer reinactors.
		A Louisbourg man (who had previously been a soldier at the gate) was led through the town and sentenced in front of an angry mod.
	www.seacoastnh.com /dct/louisbourg2.html (859 words)

	CampNet Traveler's Journal -- July 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Prologue --- Historic and Re-constructed Fortress Louisbourg is on the northeastern shore of Nova Scotia's Cape Breton Island.
		About a fourth of the original town and fortress has been restored, but even that was an impressive effort and it has been faithfully done.
		Craftsmen and trademen within the fortress are represented by modern players practicing the techniques of the time.
	www.kiz.com /campnet/html/journal/j96july1.htm (884 words)

	Fortress Louisbourg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Originally established in 1713 Louisbourg was settled by the French to access to the nearby cod fishing grounds the Treaty of Utrecht (1713).
		It became the capital of Île (Cape Breton) in 1718.
		Loudoun had demonstrated his military prowess during royalist uprising of 1745 when according to historian he "had demonstrated his professionalism by undauntedly from one defeat to another." Described Massachusetts Governor Shirley as "a pen and man whose greatest energies were put forth getting ready to begin."
	www.freeglossary.com /Louisbourg_fortress (1229 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Fortress is not be missed it the biggest historical reconstruction in North America and is like a time machine to the 17th century.
		Louisbourg was named after Louis XIV and built by Louis XV he siege of 1745 was an American Colonial Victory.
		Reconstructed in 1960s Fortress Louisbourg is now the largest historical reconstruction in North America.
	louisbourg.info (305 words)

	Halifax Nova Scotia Nearby Towns and Attractions: Louisbourg
		The French came to Louisbourg in 1713, after having ceded Acadia (now Nova Scotia) and Newfoundland to the British under the Treaty of Utrecht, which ended the War of the Spanish Succession.
		Louisbourg became a commercial hub, trading for manufactured goods and various materials imported from France, Quebec, the West Indies and New England.
		While the fortress left the harbour well defended, the landward fortifications were close to (but not placed on top of) high ground, which turned out to provide excellent locations for enemy siege batteries.
	www.foundlocally.com /halifax/Travel/Near-Louisbourg.htm (401 words)

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