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	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Robert Lawrence, (died 4 May 1535) was one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.
		When they refused to sign the Oath of Supremacy, they were hung, drawn and quartered at Tyburn, making them among the first Carthusian martyrs in England.
		Beatified in 1886, Robert was canonized by Pope Paul VI with the other martyrs in 1970.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Robert_Lawrence_(Saint) (187 words)

	Forty Martyrs of England and Wales - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Forty Martyrs of England and Wales are a group of Christian martyrs who were canonized on 25 October 1970 by Pope Paul VI to represent the Catholics martyred in England and Wales between 1535 and 1679.
		English Saints and Martyrs of the Reformation Era, a Church of England commemoration-day for Protestant and Catholic martyrs of the same era as this
		Sermon of Paul VI on the occasion of the canonisation of forty martyrs from England and Wales, 25 October 1970 (largely in Italian)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales (143 words)

	Saint of the Day
		The relics of the holy martyr were borne back to Antioch by the deacon Philo of Cilicia, and Rheus Agathopus, a Syrian, and were interred outside the gates not far from the beautiful suburb of Daphne.
		He is considered the protomartyr of Wales and was included among the canonized martyrs of England and Wales by Pope Paul VI in 1970.
		Richard Gwyn M (RM) Born at Llanidloes, Montgomeryshire, Wales, in 1537; died at Wrexham, Wales, on October 15, 1584; canonized by Pope Paul VI in 1970 as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.
	www.marythemotherofjesus.com /Saint_of_the_DayOctober17.html (8997 words)

	John Boste Information
		1544- July 24, 1594 is a saint in the Roman Catholic Church and one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.
		He left England and was ordained a priest at Reims in 1581, before returning as an active missionary priest to Northern England.
		He was canonized by Pope Paul VI in 1970 as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/John_Boste (183 words)

	Paolo Molinari, S.J.
		The voluminous collection of documents and studies, carried out in Rome and in England, is considered by many an essential contribution to knowledge of the stormy history of England and Wales in the 16th and 17th centuries.
		The forty Martyrs are among the best known of the many Catholics who gave their lives in England and Wales during the 16th and 17th centuries owing to the fact that their religious convictions clashed with the laws of the State at that time.
		But before their execution the Martyrs were usually cruelly tortured, to make them reveal the names of any accomplices in their "crime", which was having celebrated Holy Mass, having attended it or having given shelter to priests.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/40MARTYR.htm (4138 words)

	Nicholas Owen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the late 1500s and early 1600s in England, during the reigns of Queen Elizabeth I and then King James I, everyone was legally required to attend and participate in the church services of the Church of England.
		The great deeds of the Protestant English martyrs resisting "Bloody Mary" are recounted in Foxe's Book of Martyrs which was, next to the Bible, the most influential book in the development of the Protestant religion in the English-speaking world.
		The survival of Catholicism in England, and the failure of the Church of England to establish a complete monopoly of faith, helped sow the seeds for the long-run development of religious toleration in England, and in the rest of the Western world.
	www.davekopel.com /Religion/nicholas-owen.htm (1953 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of October 25 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Edmund Jennings (Genings, Gennings)-- priest (born at Lichfield, England, in 1567; died at Tyburn 1591) (f.d.
		Philip Evans--Jesuit priest, (born in Monmouthshire, Wales, in 1645; died in Cardiff, Wales, in 1679) (f.d.
		Richard Gwyn--poet and schoolmaster; protomartyr of Wales (born at Llanidloes, Montgomeryshire, Wales, in 1537; died at Wrexham, Wales, in 1584) (f.d.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/1025.htm (2395 words)

	[Used and New] - Search Results - Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Russia's catacomb saints: Lives of the new martyrs by I.
		Gianna, physician, mother, martyr: The story of a mother of our time who offered her life that her child might live by Ann M Brown
		Martyr: a discourse, in commemoration of the martyrdom of the Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy, delivered in Broadway Tabernacle, New York; and in the Bleeker Street Church, Utica, The by Beriah Green
	astore.amazon.com /540-20/search?node=22&keywords=martyr&page=36 (186 words)

	A Brief History of the Cause of the English and Welsh Martyrs (Catholic Caucus) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		After the beatifications of 1929, a massive petition from the Catholic Church in England and Wales persuaded Pius XI to authorize an exhaustive examination into the fact and cause of their martyrdom; the outcome was the canonization of these two martyrs on 19 May 1935.
		The Canonization of the Forty English and Welsh Martyrs: Commemoration presented by the Postulators of the Cause (127 pp., with photographs of the Canonization Ceremony, Office of the Vic Postulation, London, 1971).
		When the cause of the Forty Martyrs was resumed, the Hierarchy simultaneously decided that the directive of the Holy See concerning these martyrs whose causes of beatification were postponed in 1929 should be implemented.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-religion/1778646/posts (2324 words)

	snarkout: such an ancient pitch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		For one thing, there were Catholics, the bogeymen to Anglicans since the reign of Bloody Mary; in 1605, Guy Fawkes' Gunpowder Plot attempted to snuff out the stirrings of Puritanism and harsh anti-Catholic laws by destroying Parliament, killing the king, and fomenting rebellion.
		Persistant rumors that Catholic saboteurs were behind the 1666 Great Fire of London, a few mysterious deaths and corroborating witnesses, and the eager reporting of anti-Catholic politicians and the popular press were all that were needed to start the killings.
		The Forty Martyrs of England and Wales were largely martyred during the years Protestant reaction to perceived Catholic plots.
	www.snarkout.org /archives/2004/06/11 (973 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Saint Augustine Webster was an English Catholic martyr.
		He was imprisoned on the orders of Thomas Cromwell when he refused to take the Oath of Supremacy and was hanged, beheaded and quartered at Tyburn on May 4, 1534.
		He was canonised in 1970 as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Augustine_Webster_(Saint) (146 words)

	Lesser-Known Saints & Martyrs
		There are so many obscure and lesser-known saints and martyrs that we thought we would present a few of them to you here from time to time.
		Saint Nicholas was probably the most important person in the preservation of Catholicism in England during the period of the penal laws against the faith.
		Born in Oxford, England; died in the Tower of London, 1606; beatified in 1929; canonized by Pope Paul VI in 1970 as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales; feast day formerly March 12.
	www.angelfire.com /ar/rhop/saints.html (2834 words)

	The Forty Martyrs of England and Wales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		They are representative of the English and Welsh martyrs of the Reformation who died at various dates between 1535 and 1679.
		John Houghton, Robert Lawrence and Augustine Webster, the first martyrs (1535), all priors of different Charterhouses (houses of the Carthusian Order, including the one in London) who, by virtue of the Carthusian vow of silence, refused to speak in their own defence; St.
		John Southworth, missionary in London, was put to death under Cromwell and is venerated in Westminster Cathedral, and the final martyrs died in the aftermath of the Titus Oates plot in 1679.
	www.hullp.demon.co.uk /SacredHeart/saint/forty_martyrs_of_england_and_wal.htm (425 words)

	Saints immutable hand not immune to Irish woodworm -- KRIYA YOGA DISCUSSION BOARD
		Born in 1599 at Rhydica Farm, Saint Weonard's Parish, Herefordshire, England.
		Sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered on 22 August 1679 at Widemarsh Common, Hereford, England; he was so well respected in the area that he was permitted to die on the gallows and avoid the agony of the drawing and quartering elements; buried in the Welsh Newton Churchyard.
		At his execution Kemble’s left hand was hacked off by the executioner and snatched by a Catholic woman in the crowd, who hid it in her apron.
	www.voy.com /27671/1/2770.html (751 words)

	The Compass newspaper -- Saint of the Day
		He was ordained in 1575 and, the next year, was the 15th priest from Douai sent back to England.
		He is the primary martyr patron of English seminaries.
		Cuthbert was canonized by Pope Paul VI in 1970 as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.
	www.thecompassnews.org /compass/2000-11-24/00cn1124f2.htm (444 words)

	CatholicIreland.net
		Each of these forty martyrs has their own day of memorial, but are remembered as a group on 25th October.
		Sent back to England, he was banished in 1615 but returned in 1618 and was imprisoned until 1623, when his release and re-exile was organised by the Spanish Ambassador.
		Returning to England within a year, knowing that his death was certain if he were again captured, he was in fact captured on 2nd December 1610 just as he was concluding Mass.
	www.catholicireland.net /pages/index.php?nd=68&art=1006 (10467 words)

	Divorce, Dissolution, and Death: The English Martyrs (This Rock: July-August 2006)
		Their story forms part of England’s hidden religious history, of a centuries-long era when being a Catholic was considered incompatible with being loyal to the monarchy.
		Tyburn’s crypt contains bones retrieved from the gallows pit, scraps of martyrs’ hair and of the blood-stained shirts they wore to their deaths, and even a corporal (the linen cloth on which the bread and wine are placed during the words of consecration) used by several martyred priests.
		The martyrs were sometimes accompanied at their deaths by Luisa de Carvajal, an extraordinary Spanish noblewoman who, learning of the martyrs’ suffering in England, came over to be with them in their final hours on earth.
	www.catholic.com /thisrock/2006/0607fea1.asp (2815 words)

	Nicholas Owen
		He was imprisoned on the death of Edmund Campion for openly declaring that martyr's innocence, but afterwards served Fathers Henry Garnett and John Gerard for eighteen years, was captured again with the latter, escaped from the Tower, and is said to have contrived the escape of Father Gerard.
		After being committed to the Marshalsea and thence removed to the Tower, he was submitted to most terrible "examinations" on the Topcliffe rack, with both arms held fast in iron rings and body hanging, and later on with heavy weights attached to his feet, and at last died under torture.
		It was given out that he had committed suicide, a calumny refuted by Father Gerard in his narrative.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/o/owen,nicholas.html (307 words)

	Domestic-Church.Com: Saint Profile: Saint Anne Line
		In England between the years of 1570 to 1791, it was against the law to be Catholic.
		From 1570 to 1791 all Roman Catholic were compelled by the state/crown of England to attend the protestant services of the Church of England.
		Saint Anne Line is one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales, crowned in glory by suffering and dying for Christ and His Faith.
	www.domestic-church.com /CONTENT.DCC/19980101/SAINTS/ST_ANNE_LN.HTM (1388 words)

	St. David Lewis, SJ
		The Jesuit superiors sent him as a missionary to Wales in 1646 but recalled him soon afterward to be spiritual director of the English College.
		In 1648 he was sent back to Wales, and there he was to remain for good.
		David Lewis was canonized by Pope Paul VI on October 25, 1970, as one of the "Forty Martyrs of England and Wales."
	www.stthomasirondequoit.com /SaintsAlive/id191.htm (892 words)

	Apostolate of Our Lady of Siluva
		Boniface (755): was born in England, in 650.
		John Fisher was a Bishop of Rochester in England, and Chancellor of the University of Cambridge at the time when the adulterous Henry VIII was seceding from the Catholic Church and founding a religion of his own, was the most notable Catholic bishop who opposed him.
		Forty martyrs of England and Wales were canonized by Pope Paul VI in 1970.
	www.commercemarketplace.com /home/Apostolate/onhold/June.html (7542 words)

	Patron Saints Index Definition: Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
		Following the dispute between the Pope and King Henry VIII in the 16th century, faith questions in the British Isles became entangled with political questions, with both often being settled by torture and murder of loyal Catholics.
		In 1970, the Vatican selected 40 martyrs, men and women, lay and religious, to represent the full group of perhaps 300 known to have died for their faith and allegiance to the Church between 1535 and 1679.
		They each have their own day of memorial, but are remembered as a group on 25 October.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/martyr02.htm (101 words)

	Liberty - God's Carpenter
		During the reign of Queen Mary I (1553Ð58) England was officially Catholic, and Protestants were viciously suppressed.
		The great deeds of the Protestant English martyrs resisting "Bloody Mary" are recounted in "Foxe's Book of Martyrs" which was, next to the Bible, the most influential book in the development of the Protestantism in the English-speaking world.
		Regardless of whether one is Catholic, Protestant, or anything else, the decision of England's Catholics to maintain their faith, no matter how grave the threats from the government, was highly admirable.
	libertyunbound.com /archive/2004_03/kopel-carpenter.html (1966 words)

	Cuthbert Mayne - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Saint Cuthbert Mayne (1543 – 1577) was a Roman Catholic priest and martyr.
		Mayne was born at Yorkston, near Barnstaple in Devon, the son of William Mayne, and baptized on March 20, 1543/4, St Cuthbert's day.
		He was the first "seminary priest", the group of priests who were trained not in England but in houses of studies on the Continent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cuthbert_Mayne (1150 words)

	The Catholic - St Margaret Clitherow, the Pearl of York
		Though John Clitherow belonged to the Established Church, he had a brother who was a priest, and Margaret provided two chambers, one adjoining her house and a second in another part of the city, where she kept priests hidden and had Mass continually celebrated through the thick of the persecution.
		Some of her priestly guests were martyred, and St Margaret, who desired the same grace above all things, used to make secret barefoot pilgrimages by night to York Tyburn to pray beneath the gibbet for this intention.
		The ‘Pearl of York’, St Margaret Clitherow, mother and martyr, was beatified by Pius XI in 1929 and canonised in 1970 by Paul VI as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.†
	www.thecatholic.org /2004_July-August/Saint_Margaret_Clitherow.htm (1051 words)

	Seventeenth century history of the church, saints and heresies
		Francis Ferdinand de Capillas one of the 141 Martyrs of China.
		Francis Ferdinand de Capillas proto-martyr of the Martyrs of China.
		John Wall, one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.
	biblia.com /history/seventeen.htm (1119 words)

	Catholic Culture : Liturgical Year : May 04, 2007 : Beatified Martyrs of England and Wales (Eng) (Wal, Mem)
		Let the prayers and example of the Blessed Martyrs of England and Wales help us to share in the passion and resurrection of Christ and bring us to eternal joy with all your saints.
		The Forty Holy Martyrs of England and Wales are a group of forty men, women, religious, priests, and lay people who were canonized by Pope Paul VI on October 25, 1970.
		The Martyrs who were canonized were among more than two hundred martyrs who had been beatified by various earlier popes.
	www.catholicculture.org /lit/calendar/day.cfm?id=125 (725 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Saint John Rigby (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		One of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.
		John replied he was "both a bachelor and a maid," the latter apparently referring to his job as a servant in the household of the avid Protestant Sir Edmund Heddleston.
		martyred in 1600 at Saint Thomas, Watering, England; his body was chopped up and scattered around Southwark
	www.thanhsinhcong.org /saints_index/saintj63.htm (102 words)

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