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Topic: Forward kinematic animation

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Inverse kinematic animation

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	Inverse kinematic animation Encyclopedia
		Inverse kinematic animation (IKA) refers to a process utilized in 3D computer graphic animation, to calculate the required articulation of a series of limbs or joints, such that the end of the limb ends up in a particular location.
		In contrast to forward kinematic animation, where each movement for each component must be planned, only the starting and ending locations of the limb are necessary.
		The solution is to model the virtual joints of the puppet and allow the animator to move the hands feet and torso, and the computer automatically generates the required limb positions to accomplish this using inverse kinematics.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Inverse_kinematic_animation.html (476 words)

	Forward kinematic animation - TheBestLinks.com - 3D computer graphics, Physical law, Inverse kinematic animation, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The essential concept of forward kinematic animation is that the positions of particular parts of the model at a specified time are calculated from the position and orientation of the object, together with any information on the joints of an articulated model.
		So for example if the object to be animated is an arm with the shoulder remaining at a fixed location, the location of the tip of the thumb would be calculated from the angles of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, thumb and knuckle joints.
		Forward kinematic animation can be distinguished from inverse kinematic animation by this means of calculation - in inverse kinematics the orientiation of articulated parts is calculated from the desired position of certain points on the model.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Forward_kinematic_animation.html (308 words)

	Genetic Algorithms and Character Animation
		Appealing animation was less difficult for the animator when the characters were largely 2D (and cartoonish), but, as 3D characters are increasingly in demand, convincing motion becomes harder to achieve.
		Animating a flock of birds would be tedious, especially if the path of the flock needed to be changed just a little to get the scene right Automatic animation of a large number of characters is appearing in more feature films; for instance, it was used to animate bats in both Cliffhanger and Batman Returns.
		In the forward methods, creatures are often designed just to walk/hop forward, and there is no way to have the creature stop at a specific spot, or even start moving from a different pose, perhaps from an earlier activity in an animation sequence.
	www.cs.unc.edu /~helser/291/Animation_using_GAs.htm (6860 words)

	3D computer graphics
		If used for animation, this phase usually makes use of a technique called "keyframing[?]", which facilitates creation of complicated movement in the scene.
		With the aid of keyframing, instead of having to fix an object's position, rotation, or scaling for each frame in an animation, one needs only to set up some key frames between which states in every frame are interpolated.
		Film studios that produce computer-generated animations typically make use of a render farm to generate images in a timely manner.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/3d/3D_graphics.html (1592 words)

	animation
		Animation refers to the process in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result.
		Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios.
		The firsts animated cartoon was from french Émile Reynaud, that created praxynoscope, animation system of 12 pictures, and films of about 500~600 pictures, projected on its own théatre optique, system near from modern film projector, at Musée Grévin in Paris, France, the october 28, 1892.
	www.fact-library.com /animation.html (479 words)

	Genetic Algorithms and Character Animation
		This was less difficult for the animator when the characters were largely 2D (and cartoonish), but as 3D characters are increasingly in demand, convincing motion becomes harder to achieve.
		In the forward methods, creatures are often designed just to walk/hop forward, and there is no way to have the creature stop at a specific spot, or even start moving from a different position, perhaps from an earlier activity in an animation sequence.
		Once we have the physically-based motion of a creature and its controller, especially one that has evolved skills like "move forward and stop", we should be able to integrate the creature into a keyframe system such that its motions are portrayed in real-time to the animator.
	www.cs.unc.edu /~helser/ga/Animation_using_GAs.html (6576 words)

	Arena Animation Academy Alumni social and professional network
		One variation of clay animation is strata-cut animation in which a long bread-like loaf of clay, internally packed tight and loaded with varying imagery, is sliced into thin sheets, with the camera taking a frame of the end of the loaf for each cut, eventually revealing the movement of the internal images within.
		Stop motion animation is essential for model animation which is the process of animating realistic-looking articulated models designed to be combined with live action footage to create the illusion of a a real-world fantasy sequence.
		A simplified variation of graphic animation is called direct manipulation animation which involves the frame-by-frame altering (or adding to) a single graphic image, as close as the stop motion process gets to the process of simply animating a series of drawings, which most people associate with the generic “animation’ term.
	www.alumniarena.com /articles (5998 words)

	3d computer graphics - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		If used for animation, this phase usually makes use of a technique called "keyframing", which facilitates creation of complicated movement in the scene.
		With the aid of keyframing, instead of having to fix an object's position, rotation, or scaling for each frame in an animation, one needs only to set up some key frames between which states in every frame are interpolated.
		Film studios that produce computer-generated animations typically make use of a render farm to generate images in a timely manner.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/3d-computer-graphics (1351 words)

	Theological Compatibilism & Animation: Vessel of Wrath
		Due to its brevity, the animation only serves to present the conceptual framework of the philosophy and will retain the mystery and complexity of issues such as who is responsible for the animated characters' actions and the ethical right of the artist to manipulate the medium.
		This relationship, found within the animation process, is a representation of the philosophy of theological compatibilism—a philosophy where two beings, specifically a determinative creator and his creation, are allowed to have separate wills that join to produce a single action while the specific intentions of each mind can be different or even opposed.
		Animation is unarguably the most effective way to discuss certain philosophical issues because it allows the artist to have control over the worlds in which the issues are raised.
	www.english.ufl.edu /imagetext/archives/v2_2/gilder (3855 words)

	Module 5 Introduction
		Computer animation is a process that begins with the development of a story through scripting and storyboarding, continues with extensive preproduction planning, and ends with the production of an animation on film, video, or digital media.
		The story behind the animated images is critical to the success of the project, regardless of whether the topic is a short animation of an abstract logotype or the animation of a cartoon character.
		When applied to three-dimensional computer animation this technique is usually called motion capture, and it has two modalities: live motion capture, which is directly applied to the computer character, and processed motion capture, where the collected data is fine-tuned and sometimes enhanced with the use of other animation techniques.
	ansel.his.duq.edu /mm507/module5/intro.html (1081 words)

	Animation Based Graphic Physics Series
		With "Advanced Animation with DirectX" by your side, you'll learn how to use cutting-edge animation techniques, from real-time cloth simulations and lip-synced facial animation to animated textures and a physics-based rag-doll animation system.
		Xenosaga: The Animation - Xenosaga: The Animation (alternate Japanese title: ã¼ããµã¼ã¬ The Animation) is a 12-episode anime television series by Toei Animation, which premiered on TV Asahi in Japan on January 5th, 2005.
		Inverse kinematic animation - Inverse kinematic animation (IKA) refers to a process utilized in 3D computer graphic animation, to calculate the required articulation of a series of limbs or joints, such that the end of the limb ends up in a particular location.
	di10.majestic-equip.com /animationbasedgraphicphysicsseries.html (1327 words)

	Generating animation data using multiple interpolation procedures page
		Animation data is produced in a data processing system thаt hаs stоrage, a processor, a visual display (102) and a manuaI inрut apparatus (103).
		The processor is instructed to make first animation data using a first рrосessing method maybe using a forward kinematic solver.
		Output animation data is produced by interpolating between the first animation data and the subsequent animation data to extents managed by the amalgamation argument.
	www.patentalert.com /docs/001/z00135316.shtml (187 words)

	Using Visualization and Animation to Convey Motion - Chapter 1.3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Computer animation must be based on the underlying data, although this is not required in a traditional animation.
		In geometric and kinematic animations, motions are defined in terms of shape characteristics, such as coordinates, angles, velocities, and accelerations.
		In behavioral animations, motions are specified based on the knowledge of a living creature and its environment.
	vip.cs.utsa.edu /flames/pubs/jinthesis/ch1/ch1_3.html (473 words)

	Spring 1999 CS302 Assignment #1
		Animation is a very time-intensive process, so students are discouraged from taking this course and other time-intensive courses simultaneously.
		Describe the animation process (story - storyboard - block - sound - animate - light - render), squash and stretch, exaggeration, and the importance of the story in a high quality animation.
		Watch the final animations in a very festive evening setting to which members of the CS community are welcome.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~ddgarcia/teaching/cs302/hw1.html (2258 words)

	SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Newsletter - The State of Computer Animation
		The commercial animation software producers are hard-pressed to keep up with the demands of the technology and generally lag five to 10 years behind the development community.
		Other animation techniques for specific effects in the literature include (but by no means are limited to) automated gaits (walking, running, jumping, etc.) [5, 13], flocking behaviours [24, 1], fluid flow [14], waves [7, 21], smoke [27], sand [15], flexible objects [29], snakes [18], cloth [29] and many more.
		Animation can be generated quickly by actors and puppeteers under the control of a director who has immediate feedback from the real-time version of the character.
	www.siggraph.org /publications/newsletter/v32n1/contributions/sturman.html (4178 words)

	Forward For Animation - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Digital and Traditional Animation Become Co-Dependent The past decade has wrought more technological changes within the animation industry than in the 90 years prior, with the result that there is practically no cartooning...
		Pangea VR This animation shows the motions of the continents during the...
		Forward Button Ã» Step forward the animation one cell at a time.Backward Button Ã» Step backward the animation* one cell at a time.*Reset...
	forward.fabca.com /index.php?k=forward-for-animation (1176 words)

	101hard
		Animating a bouncing ball is probably a good exercise to try with bones, both because one learns the "parent" needs to be at the center, with children above and below, and because one learns to have fewer keyframes for acceleration than deceleration, etc.
		Forward kinematic animation means that if one moves the hand, it will hang in space because it is ordinarily parented to the wrist, not the other way around.
		The solution for animating arms is to have small inactive "falloff" bones as parents to the bones, and to animate those bones through the falloff parents, so that the area that would rotate in the opposite direction now rotates correctly.
	www.inspirejoy.50megs.com /101hard.html (20348 words)

	VR Firefighter Training (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		We collaborated on a animation file format [file], based on the requirements of a forward-kinematic, linearly-interpolated animation system.
		I wrote the animation file parser, the kinematic and interpolation code [file], and integrated them into the larger simulation project.
		By the end of the term,we had several animatible actions (walk, idle, crawl, chop with axe, cut with chainsaw, spray with hose) that were controlled by the rest of the team's task system.
	vulpin.burdell.org /Firefighter/firefighter.html (422 words)

	Nonphotorealistic Rendering of Human Motion
		Realistic animation of human motion has a wide variety of potential applications, ranging from entertainment to sports training and medicine.
		Current techniques for animating human characters focus on the motion itself and typically output a rendering of the moving character.
		Moira Burke (CRA intern from the University of Oregon)
	graphics.cs.brown.edu /research/animation/viz/research.html (1324 words)

	Animation
		One of the actions is a wingbeat cycle that I = have repeated throughout the length of the animation.
		I have a 400 frame animation, I want the model to move from the beggining of the path, to the end of the path from frame 1-80.
		Now the hands should be Kinematically connected to a point 80% of the way between the base of the yoke and its tip.
	www.hash.com /hashfaqs/info/animation.htm (19144 words)

	Kinematic Motion Control
		Pre-scripted animations are most often created using either forward kinematics or inverse kinematics.
		With forward kinematics, an animator explicitly specifies the positions and orientations of the objects.
		Inverse kinematics allows an animator to drag part of the model to a goal position, subject to pre-defined constraints.
	acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu /~lscarlat/graphics/animation/kinematic.htm (636 words)

	3D animations and GIF animation
		Modeling may also include various activities related to preparing a 3D model for animation (although in a complex character model this will become a stage of its own, known as rigging).
		At the rigging stage, the model can also be given specific controls to make animation easier and more intuitive, such as facial expression controls and mouth shapes (phonemes) for lipsyncing.
		Animations for non-interactive media, such as video and film, are rendered much more slowly.
	www.webdesignoffice.us /animation.html (1431 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		We utilize the "skeleton" concept, which is an intuitive mechanism to define kinematic animation, to specify individual segments from the volume dataset.
		Within these bounds, individual limbs are de-fined in a manner of forward mapping, that is, the control nodes of the bounding regions (hexahedral for this implementation) are transformed in line with time.
		The animation that can be dowloaded here was created using an extension of the vlib library.
	www.caip.rutgers.edu /vizlab_group_files/silver/CURRENT/STF.html (366 words)

	Theological Compatibilism & Animation: Final Abstract
		The two-minute animation features three characters; an artist, Lucius Zimmerman, and two characters of his design, including a bird that lacks the ability for self-reflection and a human-like creature who appears to have a will.
		Due to its brevity, the animation only serves to present the conceptual framework of the philosophy and will retain the mystery and complexity of issues such as who is responsible for the animated characters’ actions and the ethical right of the artist to manipulate the medium.
		To assist in the animation process I also created a Maya Embedded Language script that served as a shortcut to defining key types and selecting attributes of the characters that could be animated.
	plaza.ufl.edu /ngilder/thesis/2005/04/final-abstract.htm (493 words)

	Animated Images GIF'S
		Animated clip-art library of over 2100 gif animations and 1400 still clip-art gifs.
		Mpeg animations illustrating aspects of the animation process, such as forward kinematic animation curves.
		Animations created with Wavefront which is an animation program for SGI workstations.
	www.bayone.net /eng/gifs.htm (908 words)

	tvtii : Animation Central
		This was done to test my ray-tracing animator.
		This animation was done to help me learn the Alpha 1 system.
		They aren't animations but this is as good a place as any to put them.
	www.cs.utah.edu /~tthompso/animation.html (286 words)

	Dictionary forward (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		-- at or near or directed toward the front; "the forward section of the aircraft"; "a forward plunge down the stairs"; "forward motion"
		, forwards, frontward, frontwards, forrad, forrard -- at or to or toward the front; "he faced forward"; "step forward"; "she practiced sewing backward as well as frontward on her new sewing machine"; (`forrad' and `forrard' are dialectal variations)
		, forwards, forrader -- in a forward direction; "go ahead"; "the train moved ahead slowly"; "the boat lurched ahead"; "moved onward into the forest"; "they went slowly forward in the mud"
	www.dictionarydefinition.net /forward.html (278 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		However, if you already have a freeform animation and you want to convert it to footsteps, there are some issues to consider.
		Animations that already have footsteps work because Character Studio uses the stored IK information.
		This is not a lot of work, and is similar to what you would have had to do, if you were using a MAX bones IK skeleton.
	gc.shu.edu.tw /~taoi/fju2/Freeform_to_Footsteps.htm (315 words)

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