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Topic: Fosterage

In the News (Sat 2 Jun 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		For instance, in situations where fosterage is mainly practised to provide relief and an opportunity for working women to continue with their careers, children whose mothers are younger (who are more likely to participate in the labor force) would be more likely to be fostered than would be children whose mothers are older.
		The difference in the likelihood of fosterage between children whose mothers are currently married and those who are not are substantial and in the expected direction because we should expect mothers who are not married to be more stressed and, therefore, more likely to seek outside resources and aid to support their children.
		The relationship between fosterage and parental mortality is important for understanding the context of socially prescribed fosterage and that which results from the demographic impact of mortality on the population.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?ep96001 (7268 words)

	Clannada na Gadelica - Gaelic Traditionalist Resource Site
		Fosterage was quite a common occurrence in early Celtic culture and has continued in modified forms up to the present day in the Celtic Diaspora.
		A third situation like unto fosterage was an apprenticeship situation where the relationship between the pupil and his master is similar to that of a fosterchild and a fosterparent.
		It is unclear when fosterage was considered completed but the ages indicated in the extant literature imply that the age was between 14 and 17.
	www.clannada.org /culture_adoption.php (1120 words)

	Rights of Heirs and Successors Under Celtic Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The rearing of children is usually the responsibility of both parents, except when the child was conceived through wrongdoing on the part of the father, in which case he alone is responsible.
		Fosterage is a legal contract considered beneficent for both parties.
		During fosterage, the foster-father is fully responsible (legally) for any offences committed by the foster-child.
	www.celticgrounds.com /chapters/c-lawsection/heirs.htm (282 words)

	The $75,000-A-Year Orphan: Reform Debate Encounters The Paradox Of Costs
		Fosterage costs, we have seen, are $4,800 per year, or $13.25 per day paid on the child's behalf to the receiving parents.
		While the situation they face at home may be dire, children drawn successfully into fosterage or adoption have the best personal endowments, such as physical health and a lack of emotional and behavioral disorders.
		Fosterage seems to be preferable, from this interested point of view, to other options.
	www.i2i.org /main/article.php?article_id=623 (5556 words)

	The Neorealist Books
		In the novel, dashed off on December 1945, it is narrated the genesis and the development of the affective relationship between the author and his brother Dante, called by their adoptive parents Ferruccio.
		The departure of the little brother from home, after the death of his mother, and his fosterage to the butler of a rich English lord, had become in the mind of the small Vasco a correct imprisonment in a gilded jail.
		In the imagination of the little boy, in fact, "his mama had died for his fault," and it is this unconscious conviction that prevents the immediate waiting for this brother blonde as an angel.
	library.thinkquest.org /28490/data/inglese/libri/cronfam.htm (573 words)

	Regional News of Friday, 19 December 2003
		Mr Peter Eduful, Ashanti Regional Co-ordinator for the Ghana National Commission on Children (GNCC), said the initiative was aimed at solving the problem of street children and to reduce poverty among the people.
		He was speaking at a non-governmental organisation (NGOs) forum on adoption and fosterage in Kumasi on Friday.
		The forum, which formed part of efforts to collate and document views of the general public on the processes and procedures involved in adoption and fosterage in the country, was organised by the GNCC.
	www.ghanaweb.com /GhanaHomePage/regional/artikel.php?ID=48589 (211 words)

	The Fosterage of the House of the Two Pails
		For when Finnbarr insulted yon maiden her guardian demon left her heart and an angel came in his place, and that prevents us searching her heart and she worships neither wizardry nor devilry, and that is why she drinks the milk of yonder cow because it Was brought from a righteous land, from India, and.
		But one thing: the nourishing of the house of two goblets was magnified throughout Eire by the Tuatha De Danann and by the Milesians, and it was also called ‘the fosterage of the house of the two goblets’, and that nourishing is proverbial still and shall be for ever.
		When the Tailginn came, and when druids and demons were expelled by him from Eire, and when every one in the community had submitted to religion and piety, Curcog and her ladies were on the lawn of Brugh na Boinne in summer weather.
	www.maryjones.us /ctexts/fosterage.html (4736 words)

	hmanrights
		As a beneficiary of a fosterage program in Lixian Township of the district, Yamin is under the care of a locally known architecture painter, Lang Yindong, whose traditional-style color drawings on architectures are popular in the rural neighborhood.
		Currently, the fosterage direction center is in cooperation with the United Nations Children Fund, and a cooperation program with Sweden was launched in the township in March 2004.
		Ma says that facts have proved the fosterage program is not only good for the physical and mental growth of disabled children, but is also an effective way to lighten the burden of governments and welfare institutions by mobilizing non-governmental resources and forces.
	www.humanrights.cn /zt/magazine/200402005518153850.htm (1180 words)

	Fada 's Farsaing (Far and Wide) Gaelic and Celtic Customs - Fosterage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Fosterage was common to the Celts of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales.
		Numerous instances are recorded by extraordinary love and fidelity between foster parents and foster brothers - the best known in literature being that told by Sir Walter Scott in The Fair Maid of Perth, where Torquil and all his sons sacrifice their lives for his foster child, Eachin Maclan.
		The contract of fosterage was, commonly, by word of mouth, but it was sometimes committed to writing.
	www.scottishradiance.com /far/far0201.htm (175 words)

	Tuatha de Bhriain Tips and How to - Persona Developement
		Fosterage was meant to strengthen the bonds between families, sometimes even tribes, and the relationship between foster children was considered just as strong a bond as that between actual siblings.
		If you work fosterage into your Persona story, you should name your foster family as well.
		This experience would be similar to fosterage for a young person - just hope that your blood clan never breaks the peace or your libel to ceremoniously have your throat cut!
	members.aol.com /EZfiend/howto/personad.htm (736 words)

	History of the Family--Vol. 3 Issue 1
		Both societies developed a "bifocal morality" with respect to heirs and nonheirs or lesser heirs, a morality situated in economics and politics in England and nurtured within the family in Ireland.
		The recently developed public use samples and measures oriented to the practices of informal child fosterage make possible the examination and comparison of these different bases of family life.
		Data from the turn of the twentieth century provide some historical distance from previous explanations of difference centered on slavery, or explanations that focus on contemporary social issues such as urban problems or the welfare state.
	www.iastate.edu /~quarterly/vol3issue1.html (791 words)

	Some Q&A regarding the Sahsisk Thiod
		Nor will he or she be in fosterage to another Alderman.
		A: In the fosterage system, which Thiodism used for years, you would essentially take an already formed group, usually people who were not fully developed in their Thiodisk thau, and put them UNDER the authority of another Thiod.
		And there is almost always some ugly fallout in the wake of a fosterage demise.
	sahsisk.org.hosting.domaindirect.com /confederation.htm (1500 words)

	Calum and Catrìona (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Every culture recognizes life as consisting of a number of different stages, but cultures differ on what those stages are, when people reach them and how they are celebrated.
		The major stages of life in Highland culture were birth, fosterage, marriage, and death.
		In most places the infant's being brought to the church is not to be dispensed with, though it be in never so weak a condition...
	www.calumandcatriona.com /customs.html (1293 words)

	Saint Columba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		He came from a line of kings who had ruled in Ireland for six centuries, and was himself in close succession to the throne.
		From an early age, he was destine for the priesthood; he was given in fosterage to a priest.
		After studying at Moville, he surrendered his princely claims, became a monk, and was ordained to the priesthood.
	www.saintcolumba.net /columba.htm (416 words)

	Marriages Prohibited by Reason of Fosterage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Nursing consciously or unconsciously produces feelings of motherhood in a woman and of kinship in a child, and although these feelings might seem to disappear as the child grows and becomes a man, they remain hidden in the unconscious.
		However, the prohibition of marriage based on fosterage is effective only if the suckling occurred before the time of weaning; that is, when milk was the primary source of food.
		Another condition is that the child has suckled his fill on five separate occasions, a fill being defined as when the child leaves off suckling of his own accord.
	www.youngmuslims.ca /online_library/books/the_lawful_and_prohibition_in_islam/ch3s2p5-1.htm (220 words)

	NOV stafleden
		Especially in Cameroon mobility of children is high: 29% of the children between ten and fourteen years of age, do not live with their biological mother.
		The research intends to explain the high frequency of child fosterage, and to give insight into the social functions and cultural meaning fosterage has for the persons involved.
		Children also are studied as active participants in the fosterage practice since children are hardly looked for in anthropological research.
	www.let.uu.nl /nov/staf/not.html (262 words)

	Fosterage
		The \anafi, the Sháfi`i, and the Málikí schools are of the opinion that there is no difference between the woman being a virgin or a widow and between her being married or unmarried as long as she has milk with which she feeds the child.
		According to the \anbalí school the legal effects of fosterage will not follow unless the milk is the result of a pregnancy, and they do not set a condition that the pregnancy be due to lawful intercourse (Muhammad Mu
		Imámis consider it necessary that the child should have sucked milk from the breast, so if it is dropped in his mouth or he drinks it in a manner other than direct sucking, the prohibitive relationship would not be established.
	huquq.com /maghniyah/fosterage.htm (3042 words)

	Marriage under Muslim Law - Competent parties & legal disabilities
		Wife of his son or son's son or daughter's son how lowsoever A marriage with a woman prohibited by reason of affinity is void.
		c) Fosterage means when a woman other than its own mother has suckled a child under the age of two years, the woman becomes the foster-mother of the child.
		The Shia jurists place fosterage and consanguinity on the same footing and refuse to recognize the exception permitted by the Sunnis.
	www.helplinelaw.com /docs/main.php3?id=MMUL4 (1173 words)

	fosterage - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 15 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word fosterage:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "fosterage" is defined.
		Words similar to fosterage: breeding, fostering, nurture, nurturing, raising, rearing, upbringing, bringing up, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=fosterage (147 words)

	dislam.org - Marriages Prohibited by Reason of Fosterage
		The foster mother: Muslim men cannot marry women who suckled them during their infancy, even if it was only for one time.
		Foster sisters: Just as a woman becomes a mother to a child by virtue of suckling, so do her daughters become his sisters, her sisters his aunts, and so on.
		Tirmidhi (Rada, 1) reports from the Messenger, upon him be peace and blessings, that: “What is forbidden by reason of genealogy is forbidden by reason of fosterage.” Thus, marriage to fostersisters, foster-aunts, and foster-nieces is forbidden.
	www.dislam.org /content/view/294/30 (503 words)

	Echna's Celtic Persona Page
		My first foster-father was a drunken, unruly lout who deserved to have his name forgotten at the moment of his death.
		He grew ill when some food I served to him was spoiled (if he had seen fit to find a woman to teach me cooking skills, it would not have happened) and he cast me out.
		While I was released from my fosterage at the age of seventeen, I am still struggling to make my proper place in the world.
	www.celticgarb.org /persona/persona.html (1493 words)

	Elijah v Doery [1984] PGNC 16; N491 (2 November 1984)
		WOODS J: This is an appeal from a decision of the Local Court at Port Moresby on 25th July, 1984 rejecting an application by the applicants for a Certificate of Adoption under Part VI of the Adoption of Children Act Ch.
		Part VI is headed “Adoption, Fosterage etc. of children by Custom” and was originally enacted as the Adoption of Children (Customary Adoptions) Act 1969.
		There is nothing in his affidavit to suggest he wishes to effect a complete change in her legal status such that she would lose all connections with her real people.
	www.worldlii.org /pg/cases/PGNC/1984/16.html (816 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Using the public use sample of ninety-five thousand households from the 1910 U.S. census and measures oriented to the practices of informal child fosterage, the different basis for family life among African Americans and Euro-Americans can be examined without recourse to previsous historical explanations or contemporary social issues.
		The study interrogates biological definitions of race and family, and examines social and affective constructions of ehnicities and families.
		Comparisons with studies of the contemporary U.S., Africa, and historical materials give broader scope to the fosterage analysis and family difference.
	www.georgetown.edu /crossroads/dis/91milla.html (119 words)

	Islam: Chapter Three: The Law: Fiqh, Sharī‘a: 2. The Regulation of Personal Status
		Of these the most universally observed by Muslims are those of personal status--marriage, divorce, fosterage, etc. They are involved, and will only be suggested here.
		It is not lawful for a man to marry his foster-mother or his foster-sister, the Almighty having commanded "Marry not your mothers who have suckled you or your sisters by foster-age," and the Prophet also declared "Everything is prohibited by reason of fosterage which is so by reason of kindred."
		It is not lawful to marry and cohabit with two women being sisters, neither is it lawful for a man to cohabit with two sisters in virtue of a right of possession (as being his slaves) because the Almighty has declared that such cohabitation with sisters is unlawful.
	www.sacred-texts.com /isl/isl/isl18.htm (1098 words)

	Gene Expression: The many-headed hydra
		Some of the ancient pre-Christian European peoples had strong fosterage traditions, as Richard notes, the Celts for instance.
		But just because the two groups practice/practiced fosterage does not mean the anology holds (to my knowledge, I recall that many tribal peoples practiced fosterage to strengthen ties between families and tribes, while Steve indicates that west African fosterage is more of a practical way to discard the children of a dead father).
		I began to think of these topics a few weeks ago when considering that west Africa is often considered matrifocal in orientation.
	www.gnxp.com /MT2/archives/000475.html (732 words)

	Who is a Mahram
		Whosoever is a Mahram through the relationship of lineage, will also be considered a Mahram by fosterage.
		To sum up, a Mahram is he with whom marriage is permanently unlawful, and this permanent unlawfulness/prohibition of marriage is established in three ways: The relationship of lineage, relationship through fosterage and the relationship through marriage.
		If the adoptive mother does not breastfeed the adopted child, then the relationship of fosterage will not be established and the child will be classed as other children with regards to Nikah and Hijab.
	www.angelfire.com /ak5/thanvislam1400/who_is_a_mahram.htm (1099 words)

	Sacred El Quartelejo and the Pyramids of Southwest Kansas
		Many of the rituals are designed to weaken the bonds to a child’s biological father.
		This is similar to the ancient Celtic custom of fosterage, where a child was brought up by someone other than his biological family.
		The Celtic institution of fosterage may have started out as a hostage situation, and later evolved into the more benevolent form.
	www.newagetravel.com /stevarts.shtml (1242 words)

	Shari’a and Prevalent Customs In Islamic Societies - Part 2
		[29] Aside from these preconditions, a marriage may be prohibited on grounds of religion, kindred affinity and fosterage.
		Religion: While all the juristic schools allow a Muslim man to marry a Jewish or Christian woman, they prohibit a Muslim woman from marrying non-Muslim man. Under Shia doctrine, a Muslim man may also marry a Maji woman.
		Fosterage: Generally, any prohibited degree on grounds of kindred is also prohibited on grounds of fosterage or suckling.
	www.expertlaw.com /library/family_law/islamic_custody-2.html (2653 words)

	University of Celtic Wisdom - Catalog
		Their social structures were based on ties of kinship and fosterage.
		Considering the importance of fosterage in Celtic cultures, the roots of foster or adoptive families are just as worthy of discovery as the genealogies of natural parents.
		The history of the Celtic speaking peoples of Europe and the Isles is not written in words but it is recorded in the archaeological records.
	www.faeryshaman.org /ucw/ucwcat.htm (968 words)

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