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Topic: Fountain (Duchamp)

	Fountain (Duchamp) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Duchamp submitted the piece to the "unjuried" 1917 Society of Independent Artists (of which he was a board member) exhibition, and it was rejected as "not being art." (He resigned from the board shortly after the incident.)
		Duchamp suggests that the purpose of the Venus is unknown and it could have been an everyday object; we might as well exhibit a urinal as art.
		In January 2006, the Fountain was attacked by a man with hammer causing a slight chip.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp) (431 words)

	Marcel Duchamp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Duchamp removed the work from the exhibition entirely, and, in 1913, it went on to create a scandal at the Armory Show in New York City instead; it also spawned dozens of parodies in the years that followed.
		Duchamp was one of the first artists to use found objects, readymades, as the basis for his artworks.
		Marcel Duchamp died in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France and is buried in the Rouen Cemetery, in Rouen, Normandy, France.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marcel_Duchamp (2025 words)

	[No title]
		Fountain is a men's urinal turned so that the surface mounted on the wall becomes its base, and belongs to a broad category of objects called "ready-mades" which Marcel Duchamp created in New York during the 1910s and '20s.
		Fountain does not appear in either of the Illustrated Catalogs12 (there were two, the first just listing the works, and a second, more comprehensive catalog that included photographs) nor is it listed in the Supplement13 to the show which listed additional works which arrived too late for inclusion in the catalog.
		Duchamp was a member of the Board of Directors, he was the director for the exhibition in question; if he had done it under his own name, it would not have been a test at all.
	www.artscienceresearchlab.org /archive/links/bentancourt.htm (3455 words)

	Marcel Duchamp
		Duchamp, being a member of the group entered a urinal mounted on its side, titling the piece, Fountain.
		Duchamp later stated in an interview that, "The only works of art America has given are her plumbing and her bridges." The original then disappeared as did almost all of the "original readymades" of Duchamp.
		Fountain has been interpreted and studied by art historians, and the theories to explain the piece have ranged from mathematical all the way to sexual.
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /~aoki/Teaching/objet_a/urine/Duchamp/Duchamp.htm (392 words)

	Making Sense of Marcel Duchamp (text)
		Duchamp’s work is characterized by humor, a wide variety of unconventional media, and its incessant probing of the boundaries of art.
		Marcel Duchamp was born in 1887, in a town in northwestern France.
		Duchamp had painted the title along the bottom edge of his painting, like a caption, which certainly reinforced their impression of his comic intent.
	www.understandingduchamp.com /text.html (6134 words)

	Biography of Marcel Duchamp
		Duchamp's first painting with a chess theme was The Chess Game (1910), which featured his two brothers in the garden of his brother Jacques Villon (whose original name was Gaston Duchamp, but he changed it because of his enthusiasm for the French poet Francois Villon).
		Duchamp shocked the art world when he took the urinal, signed it and put it on display in 1917.
		Duchamp returned to France in the summer of 1919 and was one of Dada's leading artists.
	www.biogs.com /famous/duchamp.html (761 words)

	fountainunit3.htm
		Duchamp wanted to see the reaction without people knowing that the piece was his, considering Duchamp was one of the directors of the Society of Independent Painters (who were responsible for the exhibition).
		I believe Duchamp did not want people to accept the piece at first, and that is why he used his alias, fearing that people would accept it at first and react differently if they knew it was done by him.
		Duchamp's Fountain was one and his best know of a series of "ready-mades", which he started making around 1914.
	www.msu.edu /~kraussma/fountainunit3.htm (1004 words)

	Duchamp's Gendered Plumbing: A Family Business? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The word moules embodies androgynous meaning: on the one hand it is defined as male by the adjective malic as the mold for the bachelors; on the other hand a second definition of moule means mussel, which served as a metaphor in Parisian modernist circles to signify the vulve.
		Duchamp’s case is rather complex since as last of three males in a family of six children he was at once last born and middle child.
		Betrachtungen zu einem Objekt von Marcel Duchamp: Fountain." It is interesting to note the remarks of the famous Freudian analyst Marie Bonaparte as presented by N. Thompson, "Marie Bonaparte's Theory of Female Sexuality," in American Imago 60:3 (Fall 2003): 239, "An additional theme in Bonaparte's characterization is her grandmother's alleged virility.
	www.toutfait.com /duchamp.jsp?postid=3600 (3391 words)

	Leonardo Digital Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Duchamp himself turned from the *Fountain* to the Large Glass ('The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even'), demonstrating that the *Fountain* was not the end of art but the beginning of something else.
		While Duchamp has been characterised, accurately enough, by other critics (such as Thierry de Duve) as a conceptualist and father of conceptualism, he was also one of the first technologically literate artists of the modern period, as witness the Large Glass itself.
		Of course Duchamp is himself an art historical figure now, which explains the rather post-mortem flavour of some of the valuable scholarship here, for example the reminders of the importance of theosophy and anthroposophy to the founding figures of twentieth century modernism.
	mitpress2.mit.edu /e-journals/Leonardo/reviews/mar2001/bk_DUCHAMP_cubitt.html (787 words)

	Fountain
		Why Duchamp chose to sign this piece with the name "R. Mutt" is a question scholars have been throwing around for years.
		Originally Duchamp claimed that the "Mutt" came from the character Mutt in the then popular Mutt and Jeff comic strip, as well as from J. Mott Ironworks, the company brand name of the type of urinal he claimed his Fountain was.
		Loesberg notes that, "...despite Duchamp's participation in some of the re-creations, no one exactly resembles another (although all are signed on the left rim by R. Mutt and dated 1917 as if the signature rather than the exact features of the urinal testify to the authority of the artwork)" (55).
	arthist.binghamton.edu /duchamp/fountain.html (1187 words)

	Marcel Duchamp - Olga's Gallery
		Marcel Duchamp was born on 28 July 1887, in Blainville, near Rouen, France, into the family of a well to-do-notary.
		When Duchamp arrived in NY in 1915, he was pleasantly surprised to find that he was a famous man. On his arrival, he met Walter and Louise Arensberg, who became his main patrons and collectors.
		The "Fountain" was a urinal, and Duchamp did not dare sign it with his real name, instead he used the pseudonym R. Mutt.
	www.abcgallery.com /D/duchamp/duchampbio.html (1088 words)

	Art/Auctions: Contemporary Art Part I auction at Sotheby's evening, Nov. 17, 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Duchamp, who introduced the concept in 1915, appropriated the term from its use in the clothing industry (readymade garments were those that could be puchased off the rack, as opposed to those that were custom made).
		Years later, Duchamp explained that he did not sign the sculpture with his own name because, to some, it might appear to be a conflict of interest, for he was one of the founding members of the independents and, at the time of the exhibition, served on its board of directors.
		Duchamp immediately tendered his resignation, as did Walter Arensberg, the great collector of modern art who, along with his wife, Louise, were Duchamp's most dedicated and loyal patrons in America.
	www.thecityreview.com /f99scon.html (2445 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Entertainment \| Arts \| Duchamp's urinal tops art survey
		Marcel Duchamp's Fountain came top of a poll of 500 art experts in the run-up to this year's Turner Prize which takes place on Monday.
		Duchamp shocked the art establishment when he took the urinal, signed it and put it on display in 1917.
		Duchamp has influenced many contemporary artists, including Tracey Emin - her unmade bed was inspired by the French artist.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/entertainment/arts/4059997.stm (225 words)

	untitled1.html
		Posterity--which, as we recall, was for Duchamp the ultimate judge of art--began to reevaluate him with new interest and understanding; the enigmatic Norman was coming to be seen as a profound visionary who had gushed forth a veritable fountain of inspiration for the art of this century.
		Duchamp himself not only agreed to it but collaborated with Hopps in getting together examples of his early work and securing loans from the Philadelphia Museum of Art, where the paintings and objects from the Arensberg Collection were housed.
		Duchamp clearly ceded to posterity, as a long-term interactive task, all questions to be answered or issues to be debated about art and aesthetic judgments in terms of his public acceptance.
	www.csus.edu /indiv/v/vonmeierk/1-06PUBL.html (3476 words)

	Telegraph \| Arts \| Culture quake: Fountain
		When Marcel Duchamp signed an upside-down urinal with the name RJ Mutt, called it Fountain, and presented it as his latest work, he made one of the most influential artistic statements of the 20th century.
		Fountain was part of a series of mundane everyday objects, including a snow shovel and a bottle rack, that Duchamp called "ready-mades".
		Fountain brought up a host of questions about art, including the idea that the spectator always determines the work's value and that the most mundane object can become art if it is placed in a new context.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /arts/main.jhtml;sessionid=3FENIH1K5WEGRQFIQMFCNAGAVCBQYJVC?xml=/arts/2004/09/27/baquake25.xml (387 words)

	The Elegant Pisser: Fountain by "R. Mutt"
		One of the most iconoclastic artworks of the 20th century was Marcel Duchamp's Fountain of 1917, a time-bomb waiting to blow the artworld to smithereens.
		Fountain was not the first of Duchamp's readymades, and it was not the only artwork to scandalise polite society.
		Duchamp spawned a host of conceptual imitators parading under the well-worn banner of 'artistic freedom'.
	www.primitivebirdgroup.co.nz /mxart2.html (1008 words)

	Studies in the Literary Imagination: A fountain, a spontaneous combustion, and the Mona Lisa: Duchamp's symbolism in ...
		A fountain, a spontaneous combustion, and the Mona Lisa: Duchamp's symbolism in Dickens and Pater
		To discuss the significance of Duchamp's "Fountain," one first must know the brief history of the actual object as well as the later history of its critical reception.3 In 1917, a group of artists called the Society of Independent Artists, which included Duchamp on its board, organized an exhibition that was to be unjuried.
		After its stay in Stieglitz's studio, the object, "Fountain," disappeared forever: "All that remains are the replicas made by Sidney Janis in 1950, by Ulf Linde in 1963, and by Arturo Schwarz in 1964, and also, of course, the photograph taken by Alfred Stieglitz in 1917" (Duve 95-96).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3822/is_200210/ai_n9114154 (1176 words)

	Mona Lisa Images for a Modern World - 12
		Duchamp uses the innate worthlessness of the mass media to create aesthetically significant works that have no economic value (as least as far as his intention is concerned).
		If Duchamp's Mona is posed as a political image mediating high and low, and as a self-consciously created milestone -- as a "key monument" for the history of art -- it also has human biographical and auto-biographical dimensions.
		While Duchamp's image is obviously the progenitor of all those images, such as Warhol's which revel in popular and commercial styles, it also suggests forms by which the biographical and sexual dimensions could be expressed.
	www.studiolo.org /Mona/MONASV12.htm (3493 words)

	spark>> e_society>> art
		One of the most iconoclastic artworks of the 20th century was Marcel Duchamp 's Fountain of 1917[1], a time-bomb waiting to blow the artworld to smithereens.
		The Society's moral indignation over Fountain prompted Duchamp to write, purportedly in Mutt's defence, that the mere act of choosing was enough to qualify any object as 'art.' Thus was his theory of the readymade conceptualised.
		This is the beauty and enduring fascination of Fountain, that these contradictory meanings continue to resonate in our minds ad infinitum, ricocheting to and fro like dialectical tennis balls being slammed from one end of the court to the other.
	www.spark-online.com /november99/esociety/art/podstolski.html (1155 words)

	Ellipsis... The Fountain, by Duchamp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		"The Fountain" is merely a urinal rotated 90 degrees.
		Duchamp anonymously entered this piece in the exhibiton hosted by the New York Society for Independent Artists.
		Though there were no rules for submission, "The Fountain" was rejected and Duchamp promptly withdrew from the group.
	users3.ev1.net /~rooftopyawp/duchampfountain.html (119 words)

	fountain.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Duchamp had been a successful vanguard painter in the Cubist and Futurist styles.
		By 1917 he was devoting much of his energy to aesthetic rebellion and provocation of the art establishment.
		Perhaps the mathematically proportioned curves and the polished white surface recall the marble sculptures of the Renaissance or ancient Greece.
	www.etsu.edu /philos/classes/rk/modernzenith/htmdescriptionpages/fountain.htm (269 words)

	fUSION Anomaly. Marcel Duchamp
		Duchamp's futuristic vision of allegorical machines is one of the true marriages between matter and spirit, art and technology, "the spirit is the bride".
		One of Duchamp's greatest works, _The Large Glass or the Bride Stripped Bare By Her Bachelors Even_ (1915-23) represents the most difficult and mysterious of all domains, the fourth dimensional phenomenon of sex.
		In 1912, Duchamp was painting a chess King and Queen surrounded by swift nudes.
	fusionanomaly.net /marcelduchamp.html (1699 words)

	Cut the crap - Duchamp opened up modern art \| MetaFilter
		Duchamp was living in a world that we would not recognize where we were seeing mass-produced objects for the first time.
		Duchamp (possibly) was asking us to stop for a second and think that the objects we are surrounded with should always be thought of art and removing it from IT'S context was the best way to go about this.
		With that aesthetic, I've come to believe that Duchamp and the dadaists, especially, were really and truly creating "art" when to all appearances (and even their own intentions!...which is the true beauty of it) they were not, they were creating anti-art, disputing the very idea of "art".
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/37437 (7782 words)

	forum
		The initial audience for Duchamp's sculpture, then, was not the average middle-class viewer (that vague construct of avant-garde scandals) but members of the avant-garde itself.
		Duchamp's Fountain gave the lie to the jury's refusal to judge.
		Charles Demuth and Duchamp were good friends, and Demuth was one of the most public defenders of Duchamp's Fountain.
	www.queer-arts.org /archive/show1/old_forum/forum2.html (932 words)

	Duchamp's "Fountain" - 20th Century Art Quiz
		"Fountain" sparked controversy in 1917 when it was called "vulgar" and "immoral" and again in 2004 when it was termed "ludicrous" and "a travesty".
		Duchamp was a founding member of the society.
		Mutt with his own hands made the fountain or not has no importance.
	www.funtrivia.com /quizdetails.cfm?quiz=197323 (124 words)

	ArtLex on Readymade
		Between 1914 and 1921, Marcel Duchamp (French, 1887-1968), who originated this concept, selected and signed, among others, a snow shovel, a comb, and a urinal.
		Duchamp called this "an assisted readymade." See anti-art and Dada.
		Illustrated: On the left is Marcel Duchamp's readymade of a female imprisoned behind chicken wire on the last page and back cover of VVV, No. 2/3.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/r/readymade.html (679 words)

	Marcel Duchamp - Biography and Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Marcel Duchamp, French Dada artist, whose small but controversial output exerted a strong influence on the development of 20th-century avant-garde art.
		He painted very little after 1915, although he continued until 1923 to work on his masterpiece, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (1923, Philadelphia Museum of Art), an abstract work, also known as The Large Glass, composed in oil and wire on glass, that was enthusiastically received by the surrealists.
		After his short creative period, Duchamp was content to let others develop the themes he had originated; his pervasive influence was crucial to the development of surrealism, Dada, and pop art.
	www.beatmuseum.org /duchamp/marcelduchamp.html (217 words)

	Rhizome.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Duchamp along with a few others was organizing a show of
		Duchamp is THE watershed artist of the 20th century, not
		Duchamp rethought the entire nature of art and with the readymade freed
	rhizome.org /print.rhiz?29661 (599 words)

	artnet.com - magazine:PISS-TAKEN FOUNTAINS
		Bidlo began his "Fountain Drawings" in 1993 as a small group of works after the quintessential l'objet trouvé, Duchamp's urinal.
		With the "Fountain Drawings" Bidlo departs from his strategy of literal, reproductive appropriations that he made throughout the '80s.
		In this voyage of discovery the original Fountain's continued resonance is measured in it's multivarious terms: the double shock of the urinal and its conceit as art, the subversive potency of the prank, the embrace of the quotidian; the nostalgia of the arcane form (long obsolete in the stream-lined manufacture of its present-day counterparts).
	www.artnet.com /magazine_pre2000/reviews/mccormick/mccormick9-29-98.asp (470 words)

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