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	4′33″ - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		4′33″ is a musical work by avant-garde composer John Cage, often described as "four and a half minutes of silence." The piece was composed for piano and is structured in three movements.
		The instructions for the work indicate that it consists of three movements, for each of which the only instruction is "tacet", indicating silence on the part of the performer or performers.
		The second performance added four new qualifications to the directions: "the performer should allow any interruptions of the action, the action should fulfill an obligation to others, the same action should not be used in more than one performance, and should not be the performance of a musical composition."
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Four_Minutes_Thirty_Three_Seconds (1537 words)

	Silence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The normal British convention is two minutes of silence (though Buckingham Palace suggested one minute for Diana, Princess of Wales on 6 September 1997).
		There were international silences of three minutes each on 15 March 2004 for the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings and on 5 January 2005 for the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.
		One famous example of silence in music is the respected composer John Cage's work, which consists entirely of four minutes and thirty-three seconds of silence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Silence (849 words)

	4'33"
		After thirty seconds of no action, he raised the lid to signal the end of the first movement.
		Three or four movement works are the norm, not the exception, and some believe that this is an allusion to the traditional sonata.
		That means that the old meters of two, three, and four are no longer necessary, that space on a page is equivalent to time.
	www.music.princeton.edu /~carson/4'33.htm (9505 words)

	804noise Interview Brainwave Zine September 2004
		He wrote a piece entitled 4:33 or four minutes and thirty-three seconds, that is essentially a silent song.
		And for four minutes and thirty-three seconds, whatever happens in that room, WITHOUT pre-composed "music" being played, Cage's innovative piece is performed.
		Projexorcism uses four 16mm projectors that hang from a light pole by hooks, with reflective cdr's attached to the lenses of the projectors.
	www.804noise.org /bwaveinterv.html (2266 words)

	Calendars and their History
		Over the next four centuries, scholars debated the "correct" time for celebrating Easter and the means of regulating this time calendrically.
		Since the calendar is based on the true positions of the Sun and Moon, the accuracy of the calendar depends on the accuracy of the astronomical theories and calculations.
		In the late second century B.C., a calendar reform established the practice, which continues today, of requiring the winter solstice to occur in month 11.
	astro.nmsu.edu /~lhuber/leaphist.html (8496 words)

	U B U W E B :: Cut and Paste
		We begin bombing in five minutes.' By processing the tape through a sampler, the President of the United States was transformed into a parody of the popular raving rap star, or vice-versa.
		The three characters are separated by the sound of a radio tuner scanning the airwaves, thus incorporating the 'interference between radio stations' that Marinetti suggested in his La Radia manifesto and that has been used in commercial work for years.
		He made three series of them between 1976 and 1979 that were compiled from existing sound effects records and in some cases minimally altered.
	www.ubu.com /papers/concannon.html (7512 words)

	[No title]
		One of his "classic" pieces is called "Four Minutes, Thirty-three Seconds," a "song" in which the performers come out on stage, do nothing for four minutes, thirty-three seconds, and then leave.
		What's interesting about these three shows is that they were all hosted by a man not known for being a game show host -- he's known as a journalist.
		The mother of the family was the stage actress Gerogianna Drew, while her three children, who used their father's name, became noted stage actors themselves, and later movie stars as well.
	www.stanford.edu /group/CollegeBowl/archive/mit92/mit_dart_ascii.txt (4456 words)

	Cal Law: California's Legal News Source -- Silence Is ... Well, Golden
		It seems to say that a reputable composer copyrighted four minutes and thirty-three seconds of silence and someone else infringed that copyright by being silent for one minute.
		You could not find twelve adults in America who could listen to four minutes and 33 seconds of silence and then have a lawyer say, "Now compare what you just heard to this minute of nothingness," without bursting into laughter.
		I mean, the theory of the lawsuit was that a minute's silence infringed a copyright of four minutes and 33 seconds of silence.
	www.law.com /jsp/pubarticleCA.jsp?id=1036630438773 (1705 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		An extremely controversial composition, composed and timed at four minutes and thirty-three seconds, the composition is very unique in that when it is played, it is played with no sound at all.
		John Cage argued that the sounds of the audience and surrounding environment are what the composition brings to the audience.
		A 192-page recipe, created by John Cage, for the sole purpose of creating a four minute and fifteen second composition from eight tracks of 1/4 inch magnetic tape.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~nmartinl/1950s.htm (217 words)

	Classical Notes - John Cage's 4'33", Classical Classics, Peter Gutmann
		Lucier read a one-minute narrative (complete with his charming stutter) into a cheap tape recorder.
		He then played the tape on another machine and recorded the playback, then rerecorded the second tape onto a third, etc., repeating the process 50 times.
		And here's the suggestion: take four minutes, thirty-three seconds from your own busy life and find some way to perform the piece yourself.
	classicalnotes.net /classics/silence.html (1482 words)

	ImpulseAdventure - Freediving - Apnea / Breath-hold Diving
		Three Minutes - The internal pressure sensation reaches a level where it feels as though I am spending too much energy trying to delay the contractions.
		Three Minutes Thirty Seconds - The start of the hardest phase for me. This is where negative thoughts will continuously push into my mind.
		I have done several 4 minute wet breathholds always under supervision of someone who took the class w/ me and i did a 5:10 dry breathhold one time.
	www.impulseadventure.com /freedive (4128 words)

	John Cage and the Avant-Garde: The Sounds of Silence
		And here's the suggestion: take four minutes and thirty-three seconds from your own life and find some way to perform the piece yourself.
		I have a deep personal attachment to this work because I was privileged to have heard the composer play it shortly after its creation.
		Lucier read a one-minute narrative (complete with his charming stutter) into a tape recorder.
	www.classicalnotes.net /columns/silence.html (2366 words)

	Silence
		There were international silences of three minutes on 15 March 2004 for the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings, and on 5 January 2005 for the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.
		One widely recognized symbolic gesture of silence consists of a forefinger laid vertically across the lips.
		One famous example of silence in music, or even as music, is the avant garde composer John Cage's 1952 work 4'33", which consists entirely of four minutes and thirty-three seconds of silence.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/si/silence.html (828 words)

	IB Music/Introduction - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks
		Though 4’33” is comprised of randomly produced sounds by the audience, Cage exerts his control over the sound by limiting it to four minutes and thirty-three seconds.
		There are three characteristics of sound that differentiate one sound from the next.
		After the second section is played, the piece returns back to the original section of music and plays it over again.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Introduction_to_IB_Music (1157 words)

	AmIAnnoying.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		His composition 'four, thirty-three' consisted of four minutes and 33 seconds of silence.
		The correct way to perform it is to open the piano lid, sit still and then close it four minutes and thirty three seconds later, stand up and take a bow.
		Although 'four, thirty-three' is his most famous composition, he has produced many non-silent musical compositions.
	www.amiannoying.com /2002/view.aspx?ID=6060 (218 words)

	404 Information
		John Cage specified in his score that the piece should be in three movements, each performed in silence, and that the title of the piece is determined by the length of the silence chosen.
		I would invite people working at their computer to stop what they are doing for four minutes and sit in silence.
		They broke with the expectation of a continuous four minutes and four seconds sans screen refresh.
	www.cybergrain.com /404/info.html (2163 words)

	Colour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		If I did that, it wouldn't really be 4'33" because to perform the composition, you have to make the silence in a certain way, according to the rules laid down by the composer.
		It's not just four minutes and thirty-three seconds of any old silence.
		My friend had gone through an elaborate process that basically amounted to performing some other piece of music four minutes and thirty-three seconds long, with a software synthesizer and the volume set to zero.
	samsara.law.cwru.edu /blog/archive3/Colour.html (1382 words)

	Ten Second Silence - Band page with free MP3 music downloads on SoundClick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Ten Second Silence is Henry Harrison and Matt Doherty, students at The Rivers High School in Weston, MA.
		Cage decided that four minutes and thirty three seconds of silence was music.
		Ten Second Silence gets its name from this idea; their name is a tribute to John Cage.
	www.soundclick.com /tensecondsilence (177 words)

	NonStopFlight.html
		The title refers to the clock-time duration of the composition, which (usually consists of four minutes and thirty three seconds of silence.
		It is cathartic - four minutes and thirty three seconds of meditation, in effect" David Tudor, Ibid.
		Non Stop Flight includes four performances of 4'33" by John Cage marking the beginning and end of and the movements of the piece.
	www.o-art.org /history/80s&90s/Mills/Oliv/NonStopFlight.html (825 words)

	Rolywholyover: A Composition for Museum by John Cage
		The composition 4'33" -- a score for piano whose only note is a whole note rest lasting four minutes and thirty-three seconds -- is about this proposition.
		The foremost avant-garde composer for thirty years, Cage proved his durability at a recent retrospective at New York's Alice Tully Hall in honor of his sixtieth birthday; after all these years his compositions still drew enthusiastic cheers and heartfelt boos from the audience.
		The Zen Buddhist fascination with silence can also be detected in his music Four Minutes Thirty-three Seconds (1952) is intended for one or any number of instruments; it consists of three silent movements of 30", 2'23", and 1'40", during which the performers sit poised with their instruments without playing.
	hypertextbook.com /eworld/rolywholyover.shtml (1613 words)

	The Music Chamber - Indeterminism
		Theoretically, indeterminism is the opposite of serialism, where the composer controls every minute detail of a piece through numerical patterns.
		The extraordinary thing about it is that it's just four minutes and thirty-three seconds of silence.
		You see, to John Cage there was no such thing as true silence; there was only the absense of intentional noise.
	library.thinkquest.org /27110/noframes/periods/indeterminism.html (258 words)

	you’re everybody’s satellite « moments before the wind.
		It was playing in the office, and I was only half listening in that way that you do when you are focusing on something else, and all of a sudden I realized I was listening to Kevin Cole talk about John Cage.
		I missed the introduction, so I have no clue why he brought it up, but he was talking about that eponymous piece, 4:33, which is four minutes and thirty-three seconds of silence.
		Only, it was just the first movement, which is about four seconds long, and so I was immediately disappointed.
	alimarcus.wordpress.com /2006/08/29/youre-everybodys-satellite (321 words)

	NPR : John Cage - 4:33
		All Things Considered, May 8, 2000 · Each week we bring you a story from the NPR 100 -- the 100 most significant American musical works of the 20th century.
		Writer Will Hermes presents the story behind the musical composition 4:33 (Four Minutes, Thirty-Three Seconds), by John Cage.
		The piece was premiered in 1952, and consisted of a pianist sitting down at a keyboard, closing the lid, setting a stopwatch, and sitting, in silence, for four minutes and thirty-three seconds.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=1073885 (231 words)

	John Cage sayings
		The composition takes its name from the fact that it requires four minutes and thirty-three seconds to perform.
		In this circumstance a mesostic is written by finding the first word in the book that contains the first letter of the row that is not followed in the same word by the second letter of the row.
		The second letter belongs on the second line and is to be found in the next word that contains it that is not followed in the same word by the third letter of the row.
	www.writing.upenn.edu /~afilreis/88/cage-quotes.html (1184 words)

	John Cage
		Somewhat later, during my first year at Fairhaven College, I performed Cage's famous piano piece called 4'33" - which is, basically, four minutes and thirty-three seconds of silence, in three movements which are delineated by the performer opening and closing the cover of the piano keyboard.
		The performance started on 5 September, 2001, but for the first 17 months the only sound was silence, punctuated by the wheezing of the solar-powered organ bellows.
		The first three actual notes of the performance began on 3 February, 2003, another note will be added in July of 2004 and another note will be added in July of 2005.
	www.drizzle.com /~slmndr/salamandir/cage/index.html (565 words)

	Time Factor
		“4 Minutes and 33 Seconds.” To perform the piece, a pianist sat at the piano in complete silence, for four minutes and thirty-three seconds.
		Whenever someone asked Cage why the piece had to be four minutes and thirty-three seconds long, he replied that if the song were any shorter it would be incomplete.
		In his kooky way he was saying that you should use the exact amount of time necessary to make the performance meaningful to everyone involved.
	www.abbottcom.com /training_and_the_timefactor.htm (1022 words)

	AE160D Unit 3: Experimental Musician, John Cage
		For 4 minutes and 33 seconds you heard the sounds in your room, the sounds outside of your room, the mechanical sounds of the building you are in (heating, air conditioning, buzz of lights, elevators, etc.), the mechanical sounds of your computer, and the sounds that you made.
		In the second, you could hear some raindrops - it began to rain - and in the third movement, you heard only people who were indignant, and many of whom were walking out.
		In this four hour long composition, twelve musicians play radios and TV's at random from 7 to 11 pm in a Los Angeles art gallery.
	arted.osu.edu /160/03_Intro.php (1365 words)

	BU Alumni Web :: Bostonia :: Spring 2004
		While some people may be put off by such theatricality, Paraskevas says, "for me it's more important to have three people in the audience say, 'That performance was unbelievable - I've never heard that in my life,' even if the other 497 people in the audience say it was the worst concert they've ever attended.
		Once at a Liechtenstein concert, he performed John Cage's 4'33", which calls for four minutes and thirty-three seconds of silence.
		A minute into the piece, his cell phone went off.
	www.bu.edu /alumni/bostonia/2004/spring/profiles/paraskevas (680 words)

	Re: HES: DISC -- What is something worth? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Batt, who is releasing "A One Minute Silence" as a British single this week, has tweaked the Cage people further by registering hundreds of other silent compositions, ranging in length from one second to ten minutes.
		"I couldn't get four minutes and thirty-three seconds, obviously, but I got everything else," he said.
		He is proudest of two of his registered copyrights: four minutes and thirty-two seconds and four minutes and thirty-four seconds.
	eh.net /lists/archives/hes/mar-2004/0022.php (117 words)

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