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Topic: Four Power Allied Control Council

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	Allied Control Council - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On 30 August 1945 the Control Council constituted itself and issued its first proclamation, which informed the German people of the Council's existence and asserted that the commands and directives issued by the Commanders-in-Chief in their respective zones were not affected by the establishment of the Council.
		The initial members of the Control Council were as follows: Marshal Georgy Zhukov for the Soviet Union, Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery for the United Kingdom, General Dwight Eisenhower for the United States, and General Jean Joseph-Marie Gabriel Lattre de Tassigny for France.
		During its short active life, the Allied Control Council was housed in and operated from the former building of the Kammergericht, the supreme court of the state of Prussia, which is situated in Berlin's Schöneberg borough in the American sector.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Allied_Control_Council (1417 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia â“ Free Online Encyclopedia for Reference, Research, Facts
		The Allies set up a new system of rule for Germany, aimed at outlawing National Socialism and abolishing Nazi ideology, at disarming Germany and preventing its again becoming a military power, and at fostering democratic ideals and introducing representative and elective principles of government.
		A Council of Foreign Ministers was established to consider peace settlements.
		The work of the Allied Control Council for Germany was at first blocked by France, which did not feel bound by an agreement to which it had not been party; the council had not even begun to function when the rift caused by the cold war broke it up.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:PotsdamC (365 words)

	Four-Power Authorities - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following the defeat of Nazi Germany and then the partition of German territory, two Four-Power Authorities, in which all 4 of the conquering forces (The United States, the United Kingdom, France, and the Soviet Union) managed equally were created.
		The intended governing body of Germany until it could run itself was called the Allied Control Council.
		This was a far cry from the intensely adversarial relations the allies had with the Warsaw Pact leader in almost every other aspect of world affairs during this time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Four-Power_Authorities (236 words)

	Potsdam Conference - MSN Encarta
		Administration of the country, until the establishment of a permanent new government, was transferred to the military commanders of the United States, the USSR, the United Kingdom, and France, in their zones of occupation, and a four-power Allied Control Council was created to resolve questions pertaining to Germany as a whole.
		It was agreed that the four occupying powers of Germany should take reparations from their respective zones of occupation; but, because the USSR had suffered greater loss than any of the other major powers, provision was made for additional compensation to the USSR.
		On July 26, the U.S., British, and Chinese governments issued an ultimatum, called the Potsdam Declaration, to the Japanese government, confronting Japan with a choice between unconditional surrender and total annihilation; the USSR was not then at war with Japan and was not a party to the ultimatum.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761554624 (443 words)

	east germany - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		During WWII, Allied leaders decided at the Yalta Conference that post-war borders of Poland would be moved westward to the Oder-Neisse line, just as Soviet borders were also moved westward into formerly Polish territory.
		Discussions at Yalta and Potsdam also outlined the planned occupation and administration of post-war Germany under a four-power Allied Control Council, or ACC (composed of the United States, United Kingdom, France, and the Soviet Union).
		Since Berlin was entirely enclosed in the Soviet part of Germany, the areas of Berlin being held under the control of the three western countries soon became known as West Berlin.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/east-germany (4333 words)

	NARA - IWG - The Trial of the Major War Criminals.
		Members of the three convicted groups were subject to apprehension and trial as war criminals by the national, military, and occupation courts of the four allied powers.
		This led to the four-power, Allied Control Council (ACC) for Germany to authorize each of the powers to hold subsequent trials on its own, in its zone of occupation.
		These consisted of four cases in which the defendants belonged to various branches of the SS, officials of three industrial organizations (the Krupp works, I.G. Farben company, and the Flick combine), three cases of German generals, and two cases included mainly members of former German ministries.
	www.archives.gov /iwg/research-papers/trial-of-war-criminals-before-imt.html?template=print (908 words)

	Berlin - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Hitler's Reich Chancellery was demolished by Soviet occupation authorities: red marble from the Chancellery was used to renovate the adjacent war-damaged U-Bahnhof Mohrenstraße subway station and the remaining rubble was used in the construction of Soviet War Memorial at Treptower Park in Berlin.
		Though the city was initially governed by a Four Power Allied Control Council with a leadership that rotated monthly, the Soviets withdrew from the council as East-West relations deteriorated and began governing their sector independently.
		For buffering the load peaks, accumulators were installed in the 1980s in some of these power stations, which were connected by static invertors to the power grid and were loaded during times of low power consumption and unloaded during times of high consumption.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Berlin (4540 words)

	History Channel Search Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Administration of the country, until the establishment of a permanent new government, was transferred to the military commanders of the U.S., the USSR, Great Britain, and France, in their zones of occupation, and a four-power Allied Control Council was created to resolve questions pertaining to Germany as a whole.
		Pending definitive settlement in a peace treaty, all lands east of the Oder and Neisse rivers were placed under Polish and Soviet jurisdiction.
		The conferees determined to disarm the country and prevent remilitarization; to outlaw the National Socialist (Nazi) party that had been led by Hitler; to decentralize the economy and reorganize it with emphasis on agriculture; and to encourage democratic practices.
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..po122700.a (423 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		The armistice left Hitler in control of Europe from the Vistula River to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Pyrenees to the Arctic Circle.
		On Oct. 13, 1943, the Western Allies permitted the Badoglio regime to declare war on Germany, thus achieving a status of cobelligerency with the Allies.
		The right of veto in the Council by the great powers on basic matters affecting their security and sovereignty (a major American provision) won approval, but there was disagreement over the limits to be placed on the use of this right by these powers.
	www.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_14.html (10664 words)

	EEM - Eastern European Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Political localization was evident in the emergence of powerful duchies and in the growth of feudalism.
		The powers of the state governments were abolished, and the adherents of National Socialism from 1934 made up the sole legal party.
		Later in 1973, Stoph was elected chairman of the council of state and was replaced as prime minister by Horst Sindermann; Stoph returned as prime minister from 1976 to 1989.
	www.eem.org /Germany.HTML (5012 words)

	Austria - Four-Power Occupation and Recognition of the Provisional Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The four Allied powers had not agreed to any firm plans for Austria prior to the war's end, and only in early July 1945 were the borders dividing the country into four occupation zones finally set.
		Vienna's city center was placed under Four Power control, while the rest of the city was divided into specific occupation zones.
		Supreme authority in Austria was wielded by the Allied Council, in which the Four Powers were represented by their zonal commanders.
	countrystudies.us /austria/43.htm (212 words)

	The Berlin Airlift of 1948 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The first sign of trouble had been at a meeting of the four-power Allied Control Council in Berlin on January 20, 1948, when the Soviet Military Governor, Marshal Sokolovsky, formally condemned the British and American plans for an economic merging of their two zones.
		Bizonia, Sokolovsky complained, amounted to the establishment of a separatist German government in western Germany, and was a violation of agreements reached by the Allies at Yalta and in the Control Council.
		At subsequent meetings of the Control Council in Berlin efforts were made to reach a joint agreement with the Russians over currency reform, but without success.
	mars.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/germany/lectures/36airlift.html (3791 words)

	Wikinfo \| History of Germany since 1945 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Western powers were concerned about the deterioating economic situation in their zones; the American Marshall Plan economic aid was extended to Western Germany and a currency reform introduced the Deutsche Mark and halted rampant inflation there.
		The West German military would be subject to complete EDC control, but the other EDC member states (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands) would cooperate in the EDC while maintaining independent control of their own armed forces.
		In addition to terminating Four Power rights, the treaty mandated the withdrawal of all Soviet forces from Germany by the end of 1994, made clear that the current borders (especially the Oder-Neisse line) were viewed as final and definitive, and specified the right of a united Germany to belong to NATO.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=History_of_Germany_since_1945 (3056 words)

	Germany - Postwar Occupation and Division
		Pending the negotiation of a peace treaty with Germany, Poland was to administer the German provinces of Pomerania, Silesia, and the southern portion of East Prussia.
		The Allies, remembering the political costs of financial reparations after World War I, had decided that reparations consisting of payments in kind were less likely to imperil the peace after World War II.
		The zones were governed by the Allied Control Council (ACC), consisting of the four supreme commanders of the Allied Forces.
	countrystudies.us /germany/44.htm (1087 words)

	The World Almanac (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		After the Allied occupation of Germany, tension escalated between the western powers and the Soviet Union.
		Meanwhile, the Allies were urging the western German provinces to forge themselves into a nation.
		The deep rift between the Western and Eastern sectors of Germany was affirmed with the ratification of the Federal Republic of Germany's constitution on May 23, 1949, which marked the nationhood of the three former western sectors.
	www.worldalmanac.com /feature/feature.htm (2800 words)

	United States of America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Executive power in the new regime was vested in appointees of the Crown, but the colonists were eventually permitted to retain the representative assembly, called the House of Burgesses, that had been founded in 1619.
		The Boston populace arrested Andros, seized control of the colonial government, and dispatched emissaries and greetings to William III and Mary II, the new English sovereigns.
		Displaying unusual executive ability and skillful control of his cabinet and Congress during most of his two terms in office (he was reelected in 1916), Wilson succeeded in carrying out notable revisions and reforms in the laws governing the tariff, the banking system, trusts, labor, and agriculture.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/GeogHist/histories/history/hiscountries/U/unitedstates.html (19280 words)

	USFA History - Early Occupation
		The reduction of the redoubt area thus became an important objective of the Allies and speed of movement was essential to forestall the enemy's retiring into the area in time to fortify it agains the Allied attack.
		Control was transferred from the Mediterranean to the European Theater of Operations, except that the former Theater was directed to furnish military government personnel and the headquarters staff for the occupation forces.
		Two of the major achievements of quadripartite control during this period were the extension through the whole of Austria of the power of the Provisional Government under Dr. Karl Renner on 20 October, and the preparations for, and supervision of, the first free elections for the national and provincial legislatures of the postwar period.
	www.usfava.com /USFA_History1.htm (2836 words)

	AllRefer.com - Germany : History : Postwar Germany, Germany (German Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		However, the council failed to agree on how to implement the often imprecise Potsdam decisions, and separate governments were soon established in each of the four zones.
		In 1946, politics there were brought under the control of the Communist-dominated Socialist Unity party (SED), led by Wilhelm Pieck, Otto Grotewohl, and Walter Ulbricht.
		After the Western powers had planned steps toward establishing a West German constitution and had instituted a currency reform, the Soviet authorities unsuccessfully blockaded (1948–49) West Berlin as part of the cold war (see Berlin airlift).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Germany-history-postwar-germany.html (751 words)

	Berlin Blockade and Airlift - Rescue operation during the Cold War in Germany
		August 1945, the victorious Allied Powers reached the Potsdam Agreement on the fate of postwar Europe, calling for the division of a defeated Germany into four occupation zones and the similar division of Berlin into four zones - later called East Berlin and West Berlin.
		The Berlin blockade had its roots in 1945 and 1946 when the breakdown of the Four Power Allied Control Council rendered the reunification of postwar Germany impossible.
		Led by the U.S., the three major Western former Allied Powers reached an agreement on this approach during a series of impromptu meetings in London from February to June 1948.
	www.germannotes.com /hist_west_berlin_blockade.shtml (812 words)

	The Airlift Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		An international crisis that arose from an attempt by the Soviet Union, in 1948-49, to force the Western Allied powers (the United States, the United Kingdom, and France) to abandon their post-World War II jurisdictions in West Berlin.
		In March 1948 the Allied powers decided to unite their different occupation zones of Germany into a single economic unit.
		In protest, the Soviet representative withdrew from the Allied Control Council.
	www.calpoly.edu /~ablewitt/airlift.html (321 words)

	German Life: German-American Travel Favorites
		A bizonal Economic Council was established in Frankfurt with a professor of economics, Ludwig Erhard, as its director.
		By December 1947, when the four foreign ministers met in London, an open break was inevitable: Vyacheslav Molotov, the Soviet representative, delivered an insulting attack on the United States, claiming that America had enriched itself during the war whereas Russia had suffered more than anyone at the hands of the Germans.
		The Allies, preoccupied with the Berlin Airlift, compromised.
	www.germanlife.com /Archives/1999/9906_01.html (9974 words)

	[No title]
		Agreement on Voting in the UN Agreement was reached on voting procedures in the Security Council of the new United Nations organization, with each of the Security Council's five permanent members (the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, France, and China) to have a veto.
		The Potsdam Conference agreed to establish a four-power Allied Control Council to determine the policies to be executed in all of the four zones in Germany.
		In practice, however, the four powers failed to reach agreement on common policies, and thus each power proceeded to determine policy for its own zone.
	www.angelfire.com /blog/europeanhistory/Important_Allied_Conferences.doc (997 words)

	Germany Demographics and Geography - Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online
		The chief theater of the war, Germany was reduced to misery and starvation, lost a large part of its population and became, as a result of the Peace of Westphalia (1648) a loose confederation of petty principalities under the nominal suzerainty of the emperor.
		The most powerful German state to emerge from the wars of the 17th and 18th centuries was Prussia.
		The occupying powers allowed West Germany considerable autonomy from the start, and in 1951, West Germany was given the right to conduct its own foreign relations.
	www.columbiagazetteer.org /public/Germany.html (3041 words)

	Holocaust Assets Report
		At the Allied Conference at Potsdam in July and August 1945, President Truman, British Prime Ministers Churchill and Attlee (who succeeded Churchill mid-way through the Conference), and Soviet Marshal Stalin and their top political advisers became engaged with the looted assets issue as they agreed upon policies for dealing with a defeated Germany.
		The Allied Control Authority managing occupied Germany had a key role in American planning for the handling of external assets and looted gold.
		They settled instead for an undertaking by Truman, Attlee, and Stalin assigning to the Allied Control Council the control of the disposition of these assets-along with a decision by Stalin not to claim for the USSR any of the assets located in Western Europe.
	fcit.coedu.usf.edu /holocaust/RESOURCE/GOLD/GOLDS3.HTM (664 words)

	ACCL Order No 10
		The main purpose of this document was to establish a common framework within which each of the four main powers (the USA, USSR, UK and France) would conduct their individual war crimes trials.
		The Allied Control Council was the four-power body which governed Germany until its separation into the two states of West Germany (comprised of the former American, British and French zones) and East Germany (the former USSR zone).
		Adherence to the provisions of the London Agreement by any of the United Nations, as provided for in Article V of that Agreement, shall not entitle such Nation to participate or interfere in the operation of this Law within the Control Council area of authority in Germany.
	www.stephen-stratford.co.uk /accl_order_10.htm (1309 words)

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