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Topic: Four Saints in Three Acts

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Teresa of Avila

Mortification of the flesh

Santa Maria della Vittoria

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Saints
		In the New Testament, all believers are called saints, but since the 2nd century the title has usually been reserved for men and women of the most outstanding merit.
		or Saint Francis of Assisi, 1182?-1226, founder of the Franciscans, one of the greatest Christian saints, b.
		particularly the liturgy, veneration of the saints as intercessors.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Saints (1461 words)

	Teresa of Ávila - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Saint Teresa of Ávila (known in religion as Teresa de Jesús, baptised as Teresa de Cepeda y Ahumada) (March 28, 1515 - October 4, 1582) was a Spanish Roman Catholic mystic and monastic reformer.
		The deeply pious and ascetic ideal after the example of saints and martyrs was instilled in her at a young age by her father, the knight Alonso Sánchez de Cepeda, and especially by her mother, Beatriz d'Ávila y Ahumada.
		Saint Teresa was the inspiration for one of Bernini's most famous works, The Ecstasy of St. Theresa in Santa Maria della Vittoria in Rome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Teresa_of_Avila (1665 words)

	Four Saints in Three Acts - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Four Saints in Three Acts is an opera by American composer Virgil Thomson with a libretto by Gertrude Stein.
		The first act takes place at the Avila cathedral, the second act is a picnic and the final act is set at the garden of a monastery.
		Also considered unusual was the all-fl cast portrayed the European saints as there was little or no precedent for this in stage history.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Four_Saints_in_Three_Acts (344 words)

	Four Saints in Three Acts - Mark Morris Dance Group
		Four Saints received its first performance in Morris' version on June 28, 2000 at London’s Coliseum.
		Four Saints was conceived in 1927 by composer Virgil Thomson and author Gertrude Stein.
		Morris’ Four Saints is a sunny experience, furthered by the colorful designs of Maira Kalman, whose palette and symbols are reminiscent of Matisse.
	www.culturevulture.net /Dance/MarkMorrisFourSaints.htm (520 words)

	Theater Pro
		Saint Ignatius describes the Holy Ghost as “pigeons on the grass alas and the magpie in the sky.
		Dancers Michelle Yard as Saint Teresa and John Heginbotham as Saint Ignatius were impressive in their solos and duets, Morris’s choreography serving to clarify and expand the verse, expertly sung by member of the English National Opera.
		“Four Saints in Three Acts” — there are two principal saints and four acts — was originally presented by The Friends and Enemies of Modern Music in 1934, opening in Hartford, Connecticut, and then moving to Broadway where, surprisingly, it was a big hit, running for sixty performances.
	www.theaterpro.com /pl_stein.html (597 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Virgil Thomson
		He worked with Gertrude Stein on the operas Four Saints in Three Acts and The Mother of Us All.
		Gertrude Stein was born in Pittsburgh on February 3, 1874 and passed on July 27, 1946 in Paris.
		Four Saints in Three Acts was an Opera by American composer Virgil Thomson and with a libretto by Gertrude Stein.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Virgil-Thomson (642 words)

	time-sense: Gertrude Stein Online
		Four of Stein's works—What Happened: A Play, Ladies' Voices, Four Saints in Three Acts, and The Mother of Us All, each from different periods in Stein's literary oeuvre ??—illustrate her continual manipulation and transformation of both language and genre.
		Saint Cecilia will next ask the same question, and Saints Ingatius, Jan, Chavez and Plan will expand on the answer of "there are many." The specific answer to this question never comes (unless one remember the list given in the narrative at the beginning).
		More than any of her other plays, Four Saints is completely about the production/writing/creating of a play while still trying to be "a play." The self-reflexivity here is beyond that of her other plays—it is inescapable from the moment the play begins to the very conclusion.
	www.tenderbuttons.com /gsonline/timesense/1_2fichtel.html (5876 words)

	MSS 29/29A, The Virgil Thomson Papers in the Irving S. Gilmore Music Library of Yale University.
		Four Saints in Three Acts : an opera to be sung / Gertrude Stein.
		Four saints in three acts : an opera / by Gertrude Stein and Virgil Thomson ; scenario by Maurice Grosser.
		Four saints in three acts : an opera / by Gertrude Stein and Virgil Thomson ; scenario by Maurice Grosser.-- New York : G. Schirmer, c1948.
	webtext.library.yale.edu /xml2html/music/vt-as1a.htm (2218 words)

	Gertrude Stein, The Great Great Grand MF of Rap?: Four Saints in Three Acts and the Hip Hop/Rap/Spoken Word Aesthetic ...
		According to Steven Watson, in his indispensable Prepare for Saints, Stein “believed that the purity of the artist’s devotion to art reflected the immaculate conditions of the religious life, that genius was analogous to sainthood, and that artists and writers expressed contemporary spirituality before it appeared in the society at large” (42).
		Four Saints opens with “To know to know to love her so/Four Saints prepare for saints,” an easy iambic tetrameter that is akin to the line length of the strict metric conventions of rap in the early 1980’s.
		The goal in writing Four Saints was to set spoken American language to music, but by the time decisions are being made in the early 1930’s for casting, Stein is in agreement regarding an all-fl voice, but wary of exploiting the fl body.
	www.americanpopularculture.com /journal/articles/spring_2003/mills.htm (4012 words)

	Lincoln Center Festival 96 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		I was expecting Four Saints to be the highlight of the weekend, but I left the New York State Theatre disappointed and irritated.
		His chorus of male and female saints in white hoop skirts follows the solemn procession of the two St. Theresas and St. Ignatius to their martyrdom with just the right mixture of solemnity and silliness.
		Saints Theresa I and II, soprano Ashley Putnam and mezzo Suzanna Guzman, were far harder to understand (and Putnam's upper register has not warmed up since Sarah Caldwell's 1981 Rigoletto).
	www.bostonphoenix.com /alt1/archive/music/reviews/08-08-96/LINCOLN_CENTER_FESTIVAL.html (1343 words)

	criticaldance.com: Mark Morris Dance Group Review
		In her production notes for Four Saints in Three Acts, Stein wrote "A saint a real saint never does anything, a really good martyr does something but a really good saint does nothing, and so I wanted to have Four Saints who did nothing and that was everything.
		Michele Yard as Saint Theresa plays her role with childlike naivete, moving about the stage in a white baby-doll nightie with bouncy jumps and runs.
		The chorus of lesser saints is dressed in ruffled Spanish skirts and mantillas, or toreador pants.
	www.criticaldance.com /reviews/2002/mmdg-berkeley-000923.html (721 words)

	Full-Time Training - History
		It was also the Lord's disciples that He trained to practice and enjoy His invisible presence during the 40-day period between His resurrection and public ascension.
		Acts 19:9-10 reveal that Paul continued to train the disciples by separating them and reasoning daily in the school of Tyrannus for two years in Ephesus.
		After that training, these eighty to one hundred saints came down from the mountain and were scattered throughout China.
	www.full-timetraining.org /history.htm (657 words)

	ENGL402 > Projects > Matteotti > Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The four cast members I tracked down nearly sixty years after the performance recalled the opera as a central and unforgettable event in their lives.
		The prolonged and often arduous task of bringing Four Saints in Three Acts to the stage fell to Virgil Thomson and rested largely on his ability to network, as well as his propensity to impress and convince others of his (and Stein's) passion, artistic, and intellectual vision.
		Four Saints in Three Acts' fascination and enduring appeal is largely personal, stemming from the distinct American familiarity of the music, the fun and sheer joy inherent in Stein's text, the variety
	www.humanities.ualberta.ca /mmorris/402/introduction1.htm (693 words)

	Virgil Thomson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		RCA has finally issued on CD the classic 1947 version of Four Saints in Three Acts, abridged (by about half) and conducted by Virgil Thomson himself.
		"A real saint never does anything, a martyr does something but a really good saint does nothing, and so I wanted to have Four Saints who did nothing and I wrote the Four Saints in Three Acts and they did nothing and that was everything.
		Ignatius, although there are actually more than four saints and more than three acts.
	www.bostonphoenix.com /alt1/archive/music/reviews/04-11-96/REX/VIRGIL_THOMSON.html (500 words)

	Robert Wilson: Works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Virgil Thomson and Gertrude Stein completed Four Saints in Three Acts in 1928, but it was not until 1934 that the premiere took place.
		For Robert Wilson, however, Four Saints was an opera well-suited to his theatrical vision, as its creators dispensed with most operatic conventions.
		For me Four Saints in Three Acts is a meditation on the joy of life.
	www.robertwilson.com /common/featuredworks/4Saints2.html (596 words)

	village voice > dance > Mark Morris at BAM;Lava’s Timberline at P.S. 122;Donald Byrd at Symphony Space by Deborah ...
		I particularly like the act in which four gingham-clad women and two kids pour water into glasses in various intrepid ways to ring the Johnson-Agee duet, and afterward remove them via even more acrobatic and imaginative strategies.
		Using the music loosely, Byrd gives Da Silva three swains to display her and sets the gorgeous Story showing off for Bowman in a mix of acrobatic flips, pirouettes, and beats.
		Four dancers lashed loosely together with white strips twist and untwist.
	www.villagevoice.com /dance/0112,jowitt,23222,14.html (1068 words)

	Office of Public Affairs at Yale - News Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It is, he notes, neither about four saints-he reckons dozens of holies make their way on the stage in the course of the play-nor does it take place in three acts.
		Stein's synopsis of the action is: "Act I is scenes from the life of Saint Teresa of Avila.
		Act II is a garden party in the country near Barcelona.
	www.yale.edu /opa/newsr/03-02-07-01.all.html (476 words)

	Four saints, three acts, one character: difficult composer Virgil Thomson
		He is known to some Houstonians because in 1996, in honor of his centenary, Houston Grand Opera staged his Four Saints in Three Acts (a Robert Wilson production that went on to New York's Lincoln Center Festival and Scotland's Edinburgh Festival).
		The 1934 premiere of Four Saints was the highlight of his career as a composer.
		With decidedly uncontemporary, plain-spoken music, a revolutionary all-fl cast, such future artistic stars as director John Houseman and choreographer Frederick Ashton, and a healthy dose of publicity, it was a sensation, first in Hartford, Conn., then on Broadway.
	www.chron.com /cgi-bin/auth/story/content/chronicle/features/books/97/07/20/thomson.html (1030 words)

	Best Prices on Virgil Thomson: Four Saints In Three Acts/The Plow That Broke The Plains at iMegaDeals.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Four saints in Three Acts is one of the best American operas.
		Four Saints In Three Acts Act I: Tableau I: Saint Teresa In A Storm
		Four Saints In Three Acts Act III: Vision Of The Holy Ghost: Pigeons On The Grass Alas
	www.imegadeals.com /amazon/asinsearch_B000003FWL.html (515 words)

	OPERA America's Encore Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Prologue: A choral introduction to the saints; Act I: On the steps of Avila Cathedral; Act II: A garden party in the country near Barcelona; Act III: A monastery garden on the coast near Barcelona; Act IV: The sisters and saints reassembled and reenacting why they went away to stay.
		Its principal characters are St. Teresa of Avila, Saint Ignatius Loyola, and their respective confidants, Saint Settlement and St. Chavez.
		About her libretto, Gertrude Stein wrote, "A saint a real saint never does anything, a martyr does something but a really good saint does nothing and so I wanted to have Four Saints that did nothing and I wrote Four Saints in Three Acts and they did nothing and that was everything.
	www.operaamerica.org /encore/four_s.htm (482 words)

	Virgil Thomson: Vignettes - The Musician
		Four Saints in Three Acts (1927-33), the first of the two Thomson-Stein operas, is the most abstruse.
		Thomson says the slightly zany libretto is about many things, but that fundamentally the activity of 21 (not four) saints in four acts (not three) is an allegory of the quotidian life of creative people like themselves, enjoying life in contemporary Paris.
		Unlike the Saints and Susan B. Anthony, the life and psychology of a decadent English poet would be an anomaly in Kansas City.
	www.virgilthomson.org /vignettes2.html (6046 words)

	Sufism Journal: Sufi Biographies
		Numerous stories of saints say that "he was heard when he prayed" or "such as he said would definitely come true," or "when he became angry God Almighty would quickly take revenge for his sake" (N 506).
		The saint was able to disappear from sight, to become completely invisible, and to practice buruz, exteriorization, i.e., he could be present at different places at the same time.
		The saint was capable of coming to the aid of his disciples wherever they were through the faculty of tayy al-makan, of being beyond spatial restriction, which is often attested to in hagiography.
	www.sufismjournal.org /history/history.html (1408 words)

	OPERA REVIEW: Four Saints: A Romp in a Spirited Production By Benjamin Frandzel (Oakland Opera Theater, December 7, ...
		When Gertrude Stein and Virgil Thomson created Four Saints in Three Acts nearly seventy years ago, they may not have realized their work, with its sheer and deliberate lack of gravity, would prove epecially enduring.
		On the facing page of the book, we saw footage framed in a deliberately overdone style you might call 'gothic camp,' with characters frolicking outdoors, saints or deities engaged in cosmic travel, or simply close-ups of cast members singing simultaneously with their live counterparts.
		It was also a reminder that Four Saints is, in its origins, an “outsider” opera, which had its premiere in an art gallery's theater, not an opera house.
	www.sfcv.org /arts_revs/foursaints_12_11_01.php (879 words)

	Four Saints @ Coliseum, London : ballet review
		Four Saints in Three Acts (Thompson / Dido and Aeneas / Purcell)
		Virgil Thompson - who died in 1989 - was one of the influences behind the music of Aaron Copeland, and his opera Four Saints in Three Acts couldn't be anything but American, despite its theoretical setting in Spain.
		With an impenetrable but delightful libretto by Gertrude Stein, the work is about - in Thompson's own words - 'the religious life, peace between the sexes, community of faith and the production of miracles' and takes the form of a series of episodes in the lives of St Teresa of Avila and St Ignatius Loyola.
	www.musicomh.com /opera/four-saints.htm (495 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Virgil Thomson's Brilliant Careers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The composer of Four Saints in Three Acts will be remembered less for his music than for his criticism.
		...Four Saints was premiered in 1934 at the opening of the modernart wing of the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, Connecticut...
		...The most distinctive aspect of Four Saints is its fanciful employment of the church music of Thomson's youth...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V104I1P52-1.htm (2227 words)

	usOperaweb - Betty Allen Interview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Betty Allen is well known today for having served as President of the Harlem School of the Arts (HSA) in New York, a position she took over from its founder, Dorothy Maynor, in 1969.
		Thomson cast her in the role of Saint Teresa II in his opera Four Saints in Three Acts.
		Saint Teresa sings, ‘Having had it, having happily had it, having had it with a spoon.’ And everyone just roared.
	www.usoperaweb.com /2002/september/allen.htm (2580 words)

	glbtq >> arts >> Thomson, Virgil
		The hymn melodies that shape the score of Four Saints are an echo of Thomson's earliest musical career, that of an organist in a Baptist church in Kansas City, Missouri, where he was born on November 25, 1896 into a tolerant, middle-class family.
		The work (which, in spite of its title, features a cast of numerous real and imaginary saints and four acts with a prologue) has never quite become part of the standard operatic repertory; it has nevertheless achieved a certain quirky longevity and stands today as its composer's best-known work.
		Blackmer, Corinne E. "The Ecstasies of Saint Teresa: The Saint as Queer Diva from Crashaw to Four Saints in Three Acts." En Travesti: Women, Gender Subversion, Opera.
	www.glbtq.com /arts/thomson_v.html (1295 words)

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