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Topic: Four stroke cycle

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Otto cycle

Two stroke cycle

Two stroke cycle

Internal combustion engine

Poppet valve

Power Stroke

Atkinson cycle

Compression heating ignition

Camshaft

Reciprocating engine

Internal combustion engine

Miller cycle

Desmodromic valve

Atkinson cycle

Double overhead cam

	cars - Four-stroke cycle
		The four-stroke cycle is more fuel-efficient and clean burning than the two-stroke cycle, but requires considerably more moving parts and manufacturing expertise and the resulting engine is larger and heavier than a two-stroke engine of comparable power output.
		On the first downward stroke (intake) of the piston, a mixture of fuel and air is drawn into the cylinder through the intake valve or valves.
		The air-fuel mixture is then ignited, usually by a spark plug for a gasoline or Otto cycle engine, or by the heat and pressure of compression for a Diesel cycle of compression ignition engine, at approximately the top of the compression stroke.
	www.carluvers.com /cars/Four_stroke_cycle (794 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A single sweep of the cylinder by the piston in an upward or downward motion is known as a stroke and the downward stroke that occurs directly after the air-fuel mix passes from the carburetor to the the cylinder, where it is ignited; this is known as a power stroke.
		Engines based on the four-stroke cycle or Otto cycle have one power stroke for every four strokes (up-down-up-down) and are used in cars, larger boats and many light aircraft.
		Gas turbines cycles (notably jet engines), do not use the same piston to compress and then expand the gases; instead separate compressors and gas turbines are employed; giving continuous power.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Internal_combustion_engine (5596 words)

	Internal-Combustion Engine - MSN Encarta
		Four principal types of internal-combustion engines are in general use: the Otto-cycle engine, the diesel engine, the rotary engine, and the gas turbine.
		At the moment when the piston reaches the end of this stroke and the volume of the combustion chamber is at a minimum, the fuel mixture is ignited by the spark plug and burns, expanding and exerting a pressure on the piston, which is then driven away from the cylinder head in the third stroke.
		During the final stroke, the exhaust valve is opened and the piston moves toward the cylinder head, driving the exhaust gases out of the combustion chamber and leaving the cylinder ready to repeat the cycle.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553622/Internal-Combustion_Engine.html (1525 words)

	Four-stroke cycle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On the first downward stroke (intake) of the piston, a mixture of fuel and air is drawn into the cylinder through the intake (inlet) port.
		The air-fuel mixture is then ignited, usually by a spark plug for a gasoline or Otto cycle engine, or by the heat and pressure of compression for a Diesel cycle of compression ignition engine, at approximately the top of the compression stroke.
		Rod/stroke ratio is the ratio of the length of the connecting rod to the length of the crankshaft's stroke.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Four-stroke_cycle (2130 words)

	Four-stroke cycle engine valves - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The reasoning behind this is to increase the total valve area, which is a major determinant of the power the engine can be made to produce.
		The circular shape of the combustion chamber limits the size of two single large valves, and it is easier to fit four smaller valves into the space while still achieving greater valve area.
		A rubber lip-type seal ensures that excessive amounts of oil are not drawn in from the crankcase on the induction stroke and that exhaust gas does not enter the crankcase on the exhaust stroke.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/4-stroke_cycle_engine_valves (587 words)

	Essays Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		"Four stroke" refers to the four strokes made by the piston in the course of one cycle of the engine's operation.
		The first stroke is a downward movement of the piston that sucks in the air-fuel mixture that is supplied by a carburetor or through a fuel injection system.
		Lenoir's engine used a two-stroke cycle and was double-acting; a mixture of air and illuminating gas entered while the piston was beginning to move away from the end of the cylinder.
	www.fofweb.com /Subscription/Science/Helicon.asp?SID=2&iPin=ffests0300 (1698 words)

	The marine diesel prime mover. - The four stroke plant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The two stroke and four stroke titles refers to the mechanical action of the machinery, in particular the piston within the cylinder, to achieve the theoretical Carnot heat cycle, as define by the laws of thermodynamics.
		Four stroke engines are more complicated than the two stroke and "pack" less horsepower per pound.
		The four stroke is outwardly similar to it’s brother, the two stroke.
	www.dieselduck.ca /machinery_page/diesel_engine/diesel_engine.02.htm (1262 words)

	[No title]
		The basic operating unit of a four stroke engine is the cylinder3.
		Each piston rod is attached to one of these crankpins and as the piston moves up and down in the cylinder, its 'reciprocating' motion is translated into rotation as the crankpins move around the crankshaft.
		The mixture is compressed with a subsequent upward stroke of the piston, followed by the combustion process that drives the piston back downward and creates mechanical power through the crankshaft.
	lycos.com /info/four-stroke-cycle.html (571 words)

	Small Gas Engines
		In the case of the four stroke cycle engine, the oil is in a bath located in the lower part of the engine.
		These factors make the two stroke cycle engine good for things like weed trimmers, chainsaws and lawnmowers where the operator could be tired out by a heavier machine or where the engine may be turned at steep angles or even operated in an up-side-down position.
		The stroke is the movement of the piston in the cylinder from one end of its travel to the other.
	gaiser.vansd.org /tpaterek/yellqust/sge.htm (5140 words)

	Four-Stroke Motors: outfitter environmental stewardship in Grand Canyon
		A "stroke" is the movement of the piston from its highest position in the cylinder (top-dead-center) to its lowest (bottom-dead-center), or from the lowest to the highest position.
		Lastly, four-stroke motors draw in the air/fuel mixture and expel exhaust gases on separate strokes of the piston, which means that large amounts of unburned fuel are not released from a four-stoke as in a two-stroke (a fact that also contributes substantially to a four-stroke's much greater inherent fuel efficiency).
		The third stroke in the four-stoke cycle is the power stroke, which begins as the compressed air/fuel mixture is ignited in the combustion chamber.
	www.gcroa.org /Pages/fourstrokediagram.htm (988 words)

	History of Cars ~ Part 2
		It takes four strokes of the engine to include one of power, so this system is known as the four-stroke cycle.
		The four main stages are an induction stroke in which a downward movement of the piston sucks in the fuel-air mixture; a compression stroke in which upward movement caused by the explosion of the fuel; and an exhaust stroke in which the upward-moving piston forces exhaust gases out of the cylinder.
		The gas inside the cylinder on the compression stroke is pure air, which is compressed to 1 : 14 to 1 : 20 of its initial volume - a much higher compression ratio than is used in petrol engines.
	members.tripod.com /~Eagle_Planet/History_of_cars_part_2.html (860 words)

	A History of Aeronautics - Chapter VI. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The continuation of the outward stroke of the piston, after the exhaust ports have been closed, compresses the charge into the combustion chamber of the cylinder, and the ignition of the mixture produces a recurrence of the working stroke.
		Theoretically the two-stroke and the four-stroke cycle engines possess exactly the same thermal efficiency, but actually this is modified by a series of practical conditions which to some extent tend to neutralise the very strong case in favour of the two-stroke cycle engine.
		When the piston approaches the bottom end of its stroke the upper edge first overruns an exhaust port, and almost immediately after uncovers an inlet port on the opposite side of the cylinder and in communication with the crank chamber; the entering charge, being under pressure, assists in expelling the exhaust gases from the cylinder.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/tech/engineering/AHistoryofAeronautics/chap39.html (1629 words)

	Reg/Regi Technologies Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The four stroke piston engine was first demonstrated by Karl Otto in 1876, hence it is also known as the Otto cycle.
		The four strokes of the cycle are intake, compression, power, and exhaust.
		The Radmax TM Rotary Engine also uses the four stroke principle, however combustion chambers form between the rotor, outer housing walls, and vanes and their volumes change as the vanes move during rotation.
	www.regtech.com /rotaryprinciple.html (487 words)

	Wankel Engine - BikersUnite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the Wankel engine, the four strokes of a typical Otto cycle engine are arranged sequentially around an oval, unlike the reciprocating motion of a piston engine.
		However, whereas a normal four stroke cycle engine produces one combustion stroke per cylinder for every two revolutions (that is, one half power stroke per revolution per cylinder) each combustion chamber of each rotor in the Wankel generates one combustion 'stroke' per revolution (that is, three power strokes per rotor revolution).
		Since the Wankel output shaft is geared to spin at three times the rotor speed, this becomes one combustion 'stroke' per output shaft revolution per rotor, twice as many as the four-stroke piston engine, and similar to the output of a two stroke cycle engine.
	bikersunite.com /wiki/index.php?title=Wankel_Engine (1341 words)

	Two-stroke cycle - WOI Encyclopedia Italia
		The two-stroke cycle of an internal combustion engine differs from the more common four-stroke cycle by completing the same four operations (intake, compression, power, exhaust) in only two strokes (linear movements of the piston) rather than four.
		The design types of the two-stroke cycle engine vary according to the method of intake of fresh air/fuel mixture from the outside, the method of scavenging the cylinder (exchanging burnt exhaust for fresh mixture) and the method of exhausting the cylinder.
		The simpler stroke in the fully valved diesel two-stroke cycle is the compression stroke; both valves are closed, and the rising piston compresses the air, heating it.
	www.wheelsofitaly.com /wiki/index.php?title=Two-stroke_cycle&printable=yes (2741 words)

	Definition of Four-stroke cycle
		The four-stroke cycle of an internal combustion engine is the cycle most commonly used for automotive and industrial purposes today (cars and trucks, generators, etc).
		The cycle is characterized by four strokes, or straight movements in a single direction, of a piston inside a cylinder:
		On the first downward stroke (intake) of the piston, a mixture of fuel and air is drawn into the cylinder through the intake valve or valves.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Four-stroke_cycle (538 words)

	Split-cycle four-stroke engine patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An expansion piston is slidably received within an expansion cylinder and operatively connected to the crankshaft such that the expansion piston reciprocates through an expansion stroke and an exhaust stroke of a four stroke cycle during a single rotation of the crankshaft.
		A compression piston is slidably received within a compression cylinder and operatively connected to the crankshaft such that the compression piston reciprocates through an intake stroke and a compression stroke of the same four stroke cycle during the same rotation of the crankshaft.
		As the end of the stroke approaches top dead center (TDC), i.e., the point at which the piston 16 is closest to the cylinder head 18, the volume of the mixture is compressed in this embodiment to one eighth of its initial volume (due to an 8 to 1 Compression Ratio).
	www.freshpatents.com /Split-cycle-four-stroke-engine-dt20051208ptan20050268609.php (2349 words)

	Cybersteering.com - Features: Four Cylinder Car Engines
		The four cylinder internal combustion engine, during the four stroke cycle, converts the chemical energy stored in their fuels into heat energy when fuel is burnt.
		The rising piston compresses the mixture in the combustion chamber and compression heat vaporises the mixture.
		Four cranks together complete the crankshaft; each crank has a piston and connecting rod to turn it.
	www.cybersteering.com /cruise/feature/engine/engine.html (569 words)

	4 Stroke Cycle
		Stroke - Distance the piston travels on a stroke, or the distance from TDC to BDC.
		The stroke is twice the distance of the throw.
		The exhaust stroke starts with the opening of the exhaust valve at 45 degrees BBDC, lasts through 180 degrees from BDC to TDC, and lasts until 5 degrees ATDC; for a total duration of 230 degrees.
	abbysenior.com /mechanics/4stroke.htm (2523 words)

	Otto Cycle \| World of Invention
		The four distinct events in the four-stroke engine are commonly labeled the intake, or induction stroke, the compression stroke, the explosion, or power stroke, and the exhaust stroke.
		In the intake stroke, the gas-air mixture is drawn into the chamber, through the intake valve, as the piston moves down the chamber.
		The Otto cycle was a starting point for later developments in the internal combustion engine, such as the Stirling engine, where the mixture is burned not in the piston chamber but in a separate combustion chamber.
	www.bookrags.com /research/otto-cycle-woi (574 words)

	Otto Cycle Engines - Gizmo Highway how it works Guide
		The Otto Cycle Engine was invented by Nikolaus Otto in 1876 it is also commonly known as a four-stroke cycle Engine because of the four strokes involved in an internal combustion engine.
		The four strokes are usually described as induction, compression, ignition and exhaust.
		The four "strokes" are also present at each stage of a jet engine, where they are performed simultaneously rather than as a sequence.
	www.gizmohighway.com /autos/otto_engine.htm (322 words)

	Classification based on cycles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cycle means the steps that must be repeated for each combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the cylinders.
		Stroke means the up-and-down or back-and-forth movements of the pistons.
		A two-stroke cycle engine is used where low cost is important, as in a power lawn mower.
	library.thinkquest.org /C007574/data/petrol11.htm (153 words)

	L2_6_1_rf
		In the first stroke (intake stroke), the intake valve opens while the piston moves down from its highest position in the cylinder (closest to the cylinder head) to its lowest position, drawing air into the cylinder in the process.
		Intake occurs during the end of the expansion stroke and the early part of the compression stroke.
		The advantage of the two-stroke cycle is that it generates more power for a given engine size, since power is generated on every other stroke, rather than every fourth stroke.
	www.chevron.com /products/prodserv/fuels/bulletin/diesel/L2_6_1_rf.htm (989 words)

	Pivoting wall type, four stroke, internal combustion, rotary engine - Patent 4214557
		The engine of this invention completes a four stroke cycle in one revolution of a rotor, and multiple units may be coupled together to meet power requirements.
		Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a unique four stroke, internal combustion, rotary engine having a wedge shaped combustion chamber and a cam actuated pivoting wall in place of the conventional reciprocating piston.
		The present embodiment is therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced herein.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4214557.html (1734 words)

	The marine diesel prime mover. - The two stroke plant
		As oppose to the four stroke which must see the piston perform four strokes and two crank rotations, in order to achieve one cycle.
		The most prominent builders of large, slow speed, two stroke engine are Sulzer of Switzerland, producer of the first big two stroke design, and Burmeister and Wain (BandW) of Denmark, the pioneers of the engine’s application to ship design.
		Two stroke engine have a wide variety of power output from the 353 Detroit Diesel with an output of less than 75 kW to a Sulzer RT-flex96C producing a 80,080 kW or about 109,000 bhp from fourteen cylinders turning at 102 rpm, not to be outdone MAN BandW has come out with the K108ME-C.
	www.dieselduck.ca /machinery_page/diesel_engine/diesel_engine.01.htm (1471 words)

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