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	Fourdrinier machine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Fourdrinier machine is the basis for most modern papermaking, and it has been used in some variation since its conception.
		This was a cylinder mould machine, quite different in operation but also developed in England, not a Fourdrinier machine which was not introduced into the USA until 1827.
		While the Fourdrinier machine uses a wire conveyor to create the web, another type of machine makes use of a cylinder mold that rotates while partially immersed in a vat of dilute pulp.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fourdrinier_machine (1297 words)

	Paper - MSN Encarta
		The heart of the Fourdrinier machine is an endless belt of wire mesh that moves horizontally.
		At the end of the Fourdrinier machine, the paper is slit by revolving cutters and wound on reels.
		For example, the Inverform machine, which was invented in England in the 1940s, is a high-speed machine that produces a range of box board used by the food packaging industry.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761557788/Paper.html (2060 words)

	India Paper Market - History Of Paper
		In a paper machine, interrelated mechanisms operating in unison receive paper stock from the beater, form it into a sheet of the desired weight by filtration, press and consolidate the sheet with removal of excess water, dry the remaining water by evaporation, and wind the traveling sheet into reels of paper.
		Linerboard facings are of two general types: the Fourdrinier kraft liner is made of pine kraft pulp, usually unbleached, in an integrated mill as a continuous process from the tree to the paper web; and the cylinder liner is made from reprocessed fibres, generally from used containers, providing a content of about two-thirds kraft.
		Machine finish has a medium-smooth surface obtained for this finish from a calender stack at the dry end of the machine.
	www.indiapapermarket.com /history2.asp (5465 words)

	Watermark1B8
		In 1797 Robert produced a paper machine model, but as with many inventions, the initial trial of the machine proved it to be a failure.
		The machine makes paper of perfect quality in thickness and gives advantages that cannot be derived from ordinary methods of forming paper by hand, where each sheet is limited in size in comparison with those made on this machine.
		The principle by which Nicholas-Louis Robert's paper machine functioned is the same principle that modern papermaking machines are based upon: the paper is formed on an endless woven-wire cloth which retains the matted pulp fibers while at the same time allowing the superfluous water to drain through the mesh of the woven wire material.
	www.motherbedford.com /watermarks/Watermark1B8.htm (1565 words)

	Advent of the Paper Machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1798, the Frenchman Nicholas-Louis Robert (1761-1828) invented a prototype of a machine on which paper was formed on a continuous sheet of wire cloth.
		The improved machine came to the attention of brothers Henry and Sealy Fourdrinier, who engaged engineer Bryan Donkin and built a new and further improved machine in 1807.
		The first fourdrinier machine in the US was imported from England and erected in Saugerties, New York, in 1827.
	www.ipst.edu /amp/collection/museum_machine.htm (448 words)

	AF&PA \| Glossary
		Fourdrinier paper machine: Named after its sponsor, with its modifications and the Cylinder machine, comprise the machines normally employed in the manufacture of all grades of paper and board.
		The fourdrinier machine, for descriptive purposes, may be divided into four sections: the wet end, the press section, the drier section, and the calender section.
		The fourth section of the machine, the calender section, consists of from one to three calender stacks with a reel device for winding the paper into a roll as it leaves the paper machine.
	www.afandpa.org /content/navigationmenu/pulp_and_paper/glossary/glossary.htm (3787 words)

	Machines, paper, board, tissue
		Machine width is 2030 mm with a trim width of 1980 mm.
		Used 2450 mm trim MG machine with 3 vats, 4 dryers 1500 mm diameter, 3000 MM diameter yankee dryer, pope reel and 100 m/min winder.
		Machine has: 4 formers (2 for duplex and 2 secondary formers) fourdrinier; hydraulic headboxes; 3 wet presses; 1 suction press; 52 dryers 1500 mm dia 4 bar; 5000 mm MG cylinder; Jagenberg on line coater; machine calender; pope reel.
	www.acmesurplus.com /machines,_paper,_board,_tissue.htm (6885 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the manufacture of paper, a stock of fibers and mineral fillers suspended in water, is deposited onto the moving wire on the Fourdrinier table of a paper machine.
		The table 10 includes ahead box 12 from which a stock suspension is deposited onto a continuously moving wire 14, a breast roll 16, forming unit 18, and a series of gravity foil boxes 20 and vacuum foil boxes 22, a dandy roll 24, a series of suction boxes 26, and a couch roll 28.
		The frequency of these impulses is referred to as the Fourdrinier frequency, which is defined as the velocity of the wire (in inches-per-second) divided by the pitch distance between the foils (in inches).
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=02/31258.030717&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (6041 words)

	FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
		At what is called the 'breast roll,' at one end of the machine, there is discharged upon the wire, from a flow box or pond, a constant stream of papermaking stock of fibers of wood pulp mixed with from 135 to 200 times their weight of water of the consistency and fluidity of diluted milk.
		A Fourdrinier machine, having the breast roll end of the paper- making wire maintained at a substantial elevation above the level, whereby the stock is caused to travel by gravity, rapidly in the direction of movement of the wire, and at a speed approximately equal to the speed of the wire, substantially as described.
		In that machine, the speed of the stock, which was the subject-matter of his improvement, had always been controlled by two factors, the head of the stock in the flow box, and the carrying effect of the under-moving wire.
	caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=261&invol=45 (5536 words)

	Horizontal twin wire machine with vertically adjustable open roll and deflector blade - Patent 4875977
		The invention is more specifically directed to a recent trend in Fourdrinier machines wherein a second wire is mounted on top of the primary wire downstream from the breast roll so that liquid is expressed from the stock on the primary wire through both wires.
		At two locations on the front side of the machine, an eyebolt 103 is pivotally mounted on a part of the main frame 10 for releasable clamping engagement with a bracket portion 104 of the frame assembly 100 which rests on a removable block 105.
		A bar 156 extending the full width of the machine is bolted or otherwise secured to the bottom portion of member 151, and this bar projects beyond part 152 and cooperates with the bottom of the shield member 155 to define a slot extending the full width of the machine.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4875977.html (6752 words)

	Fourdrinier machine
		Papermaking machine patented by the Fourdrinier brothers Henry and Sealy in England in 1803.
		On the machine, liquid pulp flows onto a moving wire-mesh belt, and water drains and is sucked away, leaving a damp paper web.
		Such machines can measure up to 90 m/300 ft in length, and are still in use.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0016502.html (233 words)

	The Mills at Trout Run PA
		As a consequence, in the 20th century, as paper machines became increasing larger they required a great deal of real estate and resources, limiting the possibilities of economic expansion of the Hamilton mill complex to meet the production pressures of its competitor mills with their behemoth paper machines.
		Machines imported into the U. from Britain came via a third country, usually France, and were difficult to purchase due to the complexity of the process and the high shipping costs from Europe.
		A third Fourdrinier machine (eighty-six inches) was added, and the mill was furnished with new shafting throughout.
	www.paperindustryweb.com /rivermill/troutrun.htm (2858 words)

	Glossary of Papermaking Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A Hydrapulper, originally known as the Cowles Pulper (invented by Edwin Cowles), is a machine that rehydrates sheets of dry pulp, pulps up recycled papers, and otherwise mixes and blends paper stock with water to create the desired slush of pulp stock.
		The headbox is the receptacle on the wet end of the paper machine in which the pulp, or stock, is distributed onto the wire.
		A paper machine winder refers to the roll on to which the paper is wound when it comes off the last dryer of the paper machine.
	www.paperhall.org /info/glossary.html (3333 words)

	Paper - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Paper remained a luxury item through the centuries, until the advent of steam-driven paper making machines in the 19th century, which could make paper with fibres from wood pulp.
		Although older machines predated it, the Fourdrinier paper making machine became the basis for most modern papermaking.
		Together with the invention of the practical fountain pen and the mass produced pencil of the same period, and in conjunction with the advent of the steam driven rotary printing press, wood based paper caused a major transformation of the 19th century economy and society in industrialized countries.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /p/pa/paper.html (1352 words)

	210999b
		Theses are particularly useful for the high speed machines, where the fourdrinier wet end would tend to give two-side sheet, since both sides are wire sides and the sheet is formed symetrically on the two sides.
		The paper often stretches a few percent in the machine direction while contracting in the cross direction through the course of drying, causing the machine direction to be stiffer and to have a higher tensile strength than the cross machine direction.
		The paper machine operation starts with stock preparation where wood fiber and recovered wood fiber is mixed with water and mineral (commonly clay or calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide).
	www.wmich.edu /ppse/pekarovicova/210999b.html (2044 words)

	The Papertrail - Papermaking in the United Kingdom
		The Fourdrinier brothers had a new engineering works built for Donkin in Bermondsey and leased Frogmore Mill in Apsley, Hertfordshire, as the site of their new paper mill in 1803 where the first, improved Robert machine was installed later that year.
		Further developments of both machines were made over the next two years and additional patents were acquired in 1803 and 1807 recognising the enormous advances that had been achieved in developing a machine that could produce good paper commercially.
		The cylinder mould machine, as it was named, competed strongly with the Fourdrinier machine for many decades and was the type of machine first used by the fledgling US paper industry (1819).
	www.thepapertrail.org.uk /?V_DOC_ID=881 (1674 words)

	Tech-Writer.net > Pens > Fountain Pens > Papers & Inks > Stationery and Papers > The Papermaking ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Chemical treatment reduces the lignin content, and synthetic sizing agents are added, and it is the decomposition of residual lignin in paper which, in the presence of heat and light, presents the major problem to individuals wishing to preserve the papers.
		Robert conceived the idea of a machine to produce a continuous roll of paper to fill the urgent need for banknotes after the French Revolution.
		Most modern paper machines are referred to as "fourdrinier" machines.
	www.tech-writer.net /papermakingmachines.html (539 words)

	NAFI \|Library \| View Article
		In the fourdrinier machine, a mixture of pulp and water flows continuously on to a moving wire-mesh screen.
		With the cylinder machine, a cylinder covered by a screen rotates through a pulp vat and collects matted pulp on the outside of the screen.
		Cylinder machines are used to make thicker paper and cardboard by placing sheets of matted pulp on top of each other.
	www.nafi.com.au /library/viewarticle.php3?id=94 (909 words)

	Dartford Technology: Papermaking - Bryan Donkin
		Prototype machines were installed at the paper-mills which the Fourdriniers owned at St Neots, Frogmore, and Two Waters in Hertfordshire.
		The basic principle of his machine was the formation of paper on an endless belt of woven wire.
		Eventually the courts decided that the machine should be called the 'Fourdrinier', even though Dartford's Bryan Donkin had done much of the hard work to nurture the machine from inception to completion.
	www.dartfordarchive.org.uk /technology/paper_donkin.shtml (633 words)

	Etherington & Roberts. Dictionary--Fourdrinier machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		CYLINDER MACHINE comprise the machines normally employed in the manufacture of all grades of paper and board.
		The Fourdrinier machine may be considered in four sections: wet end, press section, drier section, and calender section.
		The overall speed of Fourdrinier machines is determined by the grade and weight of the paper being manufactured.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /don/dt/dt1432.html (569 words)

	Hertfordshire Genealogy: Book0080: Hertfordshire Past 41 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Plans and a model machine, or the essential parts of it, were brought to England where the wealthy stationers Henry and Sealy Fourdrinier, who were already established hand-made paper makers in this country, turned it into a mechanical and commercial success with the help of engineering genius Brian Donkin.
		The advantage Dickinson's machine had over the Fourdrinier in the early days was that it produced a smooth sheet of paper with only a slight wire-mark on the underside, making it even-sided and very suitable for book printing.
		Despite the early introduction of the cylinder machine in America it was the Fourdrinier which became the world's paper-making machine.
	www.hertfordshire-genealogy.co.uk /data/books/book0080-herts-past-41a.htm (1625 words)

	Watercolour Paper - 100 percent cotton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A wire cylinder on the fourdrinier machine which makes a wove or laid effect on the texture of the paper as well as a watermark.
		On a fourdrinier machine, the watermark is achieved by a relief design on the dandy roll, leaving an impression.
		On the cylinder machine the watermark is attached to the wire.
	www.artmaterialsupplies.com /paperwc.html (1451 words)

	Deutsches Museum - Guided tours - paper machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Paper is produced on papermaking machines, which generate 6000 tons every day.
		In the museum, a laboratory machine is demonstrated; this machine was built around 1955 to perform a series of tests.
		Figure: When the machine is started, the paper must be guided through the separate areas by hand.
	www.deutsches-museum.de /info/fuehr/e_fueh24.htm (259 words)

	The Pusey Jones Chronicles-Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1887, machines were being constructed having a respective width of 90, 92., 96 and 112.
		The 112-inch machine built for the Hudson River Pulp and Paper Company was then the largest machine in existence, and was designed to produce paper at rate of 200 feet per minute.
		The machines were shipped on the long journey from the Puseyjones docks, down to the South Atlantic, around storm-tossed Cape Horn, back across the Pacific equatorial waters and finally to their ultimate destination at the Powell River Co., Ltd., Powell River, British Columbia, Canada..
	www.citicom.com /~lbagnato/pj2mile.htm (1322 words)

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