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	Fourth Ecumenical Council - OrthodoxWiki
		In AD 449, between the third and fourth Councils, another council was held in which St. Cyril's successor, Dioscorus of Alexandria, "insisted that there is in Christ only one nature (physis)".
		The Council also freed Jerusalem from the jurisdiction of Ceasarea and gave it the fifth place in honor, thus creating what is known by the Orthodox as the 'Pentarchy'.
		The Holy Fathers of the Fourth Ecumenical Council are commemorated on July 16 and also on the 9th Sunday after Pentecost the Sunday of the Fathers of the First Six Councils.
	orthodoxwiki.org /Fourth_Ecumenical_Council (887 words)

	OCA - The Orthodox Faith
		The Council of 431 subsequently became known as the Third Ecumenical Council.
		This council came to be known as the latrocinium or robber council.
		The Council of Chalcedon gave to Constantinople, the New Rome, "equal privileges with the old imperial Rome" because the new capital city was "honored with the emperor and the senate" (Canon 28).
	www.oca.org /OCchapter.asp?SID=2&ID=138 (985 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Council of Chalcedon
		The Fourth Ecumenical Council, held in 451, from 8 October until 1 November inclusive, at Chalcedon, a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor.
		Formal accusations of heresy and of unjust actions committed in the Robber Council of Ephesus were preferred against him by Eusebius of Dorylaeum; and at the suggestion of the imperial commissioners he was removed from his seat among the bishops and deprived of his vote.
		Council of Chalcedon, forbade all discussions on questions of faith, forbade the Eutychians to have priests, to live in monasteries, to hold meetings, to inherit anything, to bequeath anything to their partisans, or to join the army.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03555a.htm (3838 words)

	Ecumenical Councils and the rise and fall of the Church of Rome (Roman Catholic Church) - abelard
		The purpose of the council was twofold: reform of the Church and the recovery of the Holy Land.
		The Council of Vienne (fifteenth Ecumenical Council, 1311 – 1312, Templars).
		The Council of Trent (nineteenth Ecumenical Council, 1545 – 1563).
	www.abelard.org /councils/councils.htm (12581 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: First Council of Nicaea
		In order to expedite the assembling of the Council, the emperor placed at the disposal of the bishops the public conveyances and posts of the empire; moreover, while the Council lasted he provided abundantly for the maintenance of the members.
		Council of Nicaea written in Greek in the fifth century by Gelasius of Cyzicus.
		Several days later the emperor commanded that a final session should be held, at which he assisted in order to exhort the bishops to work for the maintenance of peace; he commended himself to their prayers, and authorized the fathers to return to their dioceses.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11044a.htm (1776 words)

	The Fourth Ecumenical Council - by Al. Vasilief
		Marcian, favoring the stand taken by the first two ecumenical councils, could not become reconciled to this triumph, and in the year 451 he called the Fourth Ecumenical Council, at Chalcedon, which proved to be of great importance for all subsequent history.
		The council condemned the acts of the Robber Council of Ephesus and deposed Dioscorus.
		The dogmas approved by this Council of Chalcedon, triumphantly confirming the main doctrines of the first ecumenical councils, became the basis of the religious teachings of the orthodox church.
	www.ellopos.net /elpenor/vasilief/fourth-ecumenical-council.asp (600 words)

	Council of Chalcedon
		The council declared that a new bishop should be chosen for Ephesus, but the two aforesaid should retain their episcopal dignity and receive a pension from the church revenues of Ephesus.
		The fourth forbade the erection of a monastery or an oratory without the permission of the proper bishop; recommended to the monks a life of retirement, mortification, and prayer; and forbade the reception of a slave in a monastery without the permission of his master.
		The twenty-eighth ratified the third canon of the Council of Constantinople (381), and decreed that since the city of Constantinople was honoured with the privilege of having the emperor and the Senate within its walls, its bishop should also have special prerogatives and be second in rank, after the Bishop of Rome.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/c/chalcedon,council_of.html (4112 words)

	Council of Chalcedon
		The Council of Chalcedon was the fourth ecumenical council of the Christian church.
		The Council of Chalcedon, the fourth ecumenical council of the church, was summoned by the Eastern Emperor Marcion.
		The "Definition of the faith" was passed at the council's fifth session, and was solemnly promulgated at the sixth session in the presence of the emperor and the imperial authorities.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txs/chalcedo.htm (7139 words)

	The Greek Orthodox Church of the Holy Cross - Studies in the Faith
		The Council of Constantinople of 448 strove mainly to ascertain whether Eutyches was in agreement with the epistle of Saint Cyril (referred to above) and with the words of the confession of John of Antioch.
		The Sixth Ecumenical Council was convoked in the year 680 under the Emperor Constantine IV (668-685) in the capital city of Constantinople (it is also known as the Third Council of Constantinople).
		This council was convoked to address the compromise sought between the Emperor Heraclius and Patriarch Sergius of Constantinople with the Monophysites earlier this century.
	www.goholycross.org /studies/councils.html (7898 words)

	Heartland Old Catholic Church - The Seven Ecumencial Councils (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		These councils were "ecumenical" in that bishops from all of Christendom were invited to attend.
		First Council of Constantinople, A.D. This council was called by Roman Emperor Theodosius I. It was in response to the heresy of Macedonianism, which said the Holy Spirit was merely one of God's powers and not a person like God the Father and God the Son.
		Council of Ephesus, A.D. This council was called by Byzantine Emperor (Eastern Empire) Theodosius II, grandson of Theodosius I. It was in response to the heresy of Nestorianism, which said Jesus was merely a man in whom the Word of God dwelled (as in a temple).
	www.heartlandoldcatholic.org /councils.htm (1452 words)

	Creeds and Documents From the Seven Ecumenical Councils
		Fifth Ecumenical Council: (The Capitula Of The Council)
		The main task of this council, under the sway of St. Cyril, was the anathematizing of Nestorius.
		And this our holy and Ecumenical Synod inspired of God has set its seal to the Creed which was put forth by the 318 Fathers, and again religiously confirmed by the 150, which also the other holy synods cordially received and ratified for the taking away of every soul-destroying heresy.
	members.aol.com /theclarion/creeds_confessions/seven_councils.html (1971 words)

	Canons of the Orthodox Church
		Ecumenical Councils - To navigate, use the “forward” and “back” buttons at the top and bottom of each page, or return to the Table of Contents with the “TOC” button at the top of each page.
		The Canons of the Councils of Ancyra, Gangra Neocaesarea
		The Fourth Ecumenical Council - The Council of Chalcedon A.D. 451, Emperors Marcian and Pulcheria (in the East) and Valentinian III.
	www.3saints.com /canons.html (631 words)

	The Ecumenical Councils
		The Fifth Ecumenical Council met in Constantinople in 553 and was convoked by Emperor Justinian I. The Monophysite controversy continued unabated even after the condemnation of Eutyches and the issuing of the Chalcedonian Statement of Faith.
		The Council confirmed the Church's teaching on the dual nature of Christ, and reaffirmed that He is both Truly God and Truly Man. Emperor Justinian himself confessed his Orthodox faith in a form of the famous Church hymn "Only begotten Son and Word of God" which is sung during the Divine Liturgy.
		Actually, the Quinisext may be considered to be the continuation of all the preceding Ecumenical Councils inasmuch as by its 2nd canon it received and ratified all of their canons and decisions.
	www.stmaryofegypt.org /fathers2/Councils_Contents.htm (3030 words)

	Short Summaries of the Ecumenical Councils
		The Council condemned and repudiated the heresy of Arius and affirmed the immutable truth, the dogma that the Son of God is true God, born of God the Father before all ages, and is eternal, as is God the Father; He was begotten, and not made, and is of one essence with God the Father.
		The Council was called because of the false doctrine of Nestorius, Archbishop of Constantinople, who profanely taught that the Most-holy Virgin Mary simply gave birth to the man Christ, with whom then God united morally and dwelled in Him, as in a temple, as previously He had dwelled in Moses and other prophets.
		The Council reiterated its censure of the heresies of Nestorius and Eutychius.
	www.orthodoxphotos.com /readings/LGFLS/summaries.shtml (1562 words)

	The Fourth Ecumenical Council
		From the acts of the council which preceded the appearance of Eutyches at it, one must note that the epistle of Leo the Great was not permitted to be read, obviously since it was unfavorable for Eutyches and Dioscorus, since it was directed against their heretical teachings.
		At the first session of the council, which took place on October 8th, at the insistence of the pope's legates, Dioscorus of Alexandria, who was sitting among the other fathers, had to leave their ranks and sit in the middle, as one under judgment, who had lost the right to vote.
		"Epistle of the Council of Chalcedon to the Emperors Valentinian and Marcian.
	www.orthodoxinfo.com /ecumenism/hist_fourth.aspx (8106 words)

	[No title]
		The Sixth Ecumenical Council was convoked in the year 680 under the Emperor Constantine IV (668-685) in the capital city of Constantinople (it is...
		The Emperor presided over the council, but he followed the tradition established at the Fourth Ecumenical Council.
		Whatever the rationale behind his support, the western--that is, papal--position was forwarded and declared orthodox by the council.
	www.lycos.com /info/ecumenical-council--fourth-ecumenical-council.html (262 words)

	All Ecumenical Councils - All the Decrees
		Third Council of Constantinople (680-681), under Pope Agatho and the Emperor Constantine Pogonatus, was attended by the Patriarchs of Constantinople and of Antioch, 174 bishops, and the emperor.
		Council of Constance (1414-1418), was held during the great Schism of the West, with the object of ending the divisions in the Church.
		Council of Basle (1431), Eugene IV being pope, and Sigismund Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
	www.piar.hu /councils (1185 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Council assembled at Nicaea in the province of Bithynia of Asia Minor and was formally opened by Constantine himself.
		The doctrinal definitions of an Ecumenical Council are infallible.
		Through legates, he participated in the sixth ecumenical council (680-681), that of Constantinople, which condemned monothelitism (belief that Christ had only one will) and accepted his definition of two wills, not one, in Christ.
	www.lycos.com /info/ecumenical-council--ecumenical-councils.html?page=2 (434 words)

	THE FOURTH ECUMENICAL COUNCIL
		The Council was concerned, once again, with the nature of Jesus Christ.
		The teaching arose that Christ's human nature (less perfect) dissolved itself in His divine nature (more perfect): like a cube of sugar in a post of water.
		The Council condemned Monophysitism and proclaimed that Christ has two complete natures: the divine and the human, as defined by previous Councils.
	www.atl-americanchurch.org /4thcouncil.htm (118 words)

	Melkite Greek Catholic Church Information Center Fourth Ecumenical Council also named Council of Chalcedon in 451
		From October 8 to November 1, 451, the Fourth Ecumenical Council was held in Chalcedon.
		The Fourth Ecumenical Council was under Pope Leo the Great and the Emperor Marcian.
		Degreed that it was permissible for Second Ecumenical Council also named Council of Constantinople I to include the material on the Holy Spirit in The Nicean Creed
	www.mliles.com /melkite/councilsecumenical4.shtml (538 words)

	Council of Chalcedon - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Chalcedon, Council of, fourth ecumenical council, summoned in 451 by the Eastern emperor Marcian at the behest of Pope Leo I to overturn the...
		Eastern Church, general term for the various ancient Christian communions of the Middle East and Eastern Europe, of which three groups remain today....
		This chart lists the 21 ecumenical councils in the history of the Roman Catholic church.
	encarta.msn.com /Council_of_Chalcedon.html (113 words)

	Fourth Lateran Council — FactMonster.com
		Lateran Council, Fourth, 1215, 12th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, convened at the Lateran Palace, Rome, by Pope
		This council established the requirements of confession at least once a year and communion at Easter time as the minimum requirement for church membership, called the Easter duty.
		Council of Chalcedon - Chalcedon, Council of, fourth ecumenical council, convened in 451 by Pulcheria and Marcian, empress...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/society/A0828962.html (224 words)

	Chalcedon, Council of - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Chalcedon, Council of fourth ecumenical council, convened in 451 by Pulcheria and Marcian, empress and emperor of the East, to settle the scandal of the Robber Synod and to discuss Eutychianism (see Eutyches).
		The council produced 28 disciplinary canons important for canon law in both the East and West.
		However, the Roman Catholic Church did not admit the 28th canon, which made the patriarch of Constantinople second only to the pope in Rome in precedence, until the Fourth Lateran Council (1215).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-chalcedoc1.html (362 words)

	Ecumenical council - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An Ecumenical Council or general council is a meeting of the bishops of the whole church convened to discuss and settle matters of Church doctrine and practice.
		Reconciliatory efforts between Oriental Orthodox with the Eastern Orthodox and the Catholic Church in the mid- and late-20th century have led to common Christological declarations.
		The first and subsequent councils are not recognized by nontrinitarian churches: Arians, Unitarians, Mormons, Jehovah's Witnesses, etc.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ecumenical_council (2995 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Twelfth Ecumenical Council: Lateran IV 1215
		The council approves the existing order of the patriarchal sees and affirm, three of their privileges: their bishops may confer the pallium and may have the cross borne before them, and appeals may be taken to them.
		The prohibition also is not in the future to affect marriages beyond the fourth degree of consanguinity and affinity; since in degrees beyond the fourth a prohibition of this kind cannot be generally observed without grave inconvenience.
		Though tournaments have been, under certain penalties, generally forbidden by different councils, since however at this time they are a serious obstacle to the success of the crusade, we strictly prohibit em under penalty of excommunication for a period of three years.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/basis/lateran4.html (12630 words)

	THE FOURTH ECUMENICAL COUNCIL--THE COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON
		But neither subscriptions privately made before the council, nor these vehement cries of the Fathers in the council, were thought sufficient to tranquillize minds in so unsettled a state of the Church, for fear that a matter so important might seem determined rather by outcries than by fair and legitimate discussion.
		And the clergy of Constantinople exclaimed, "It is a few who cry out, not the whole council which speaks." So it was determined, that the letter of Leo should be lawfully examined by the council, and a definition of faith be written by the synod itself.
		Before the holding of the Council of Chalcedon, in the Greek Church, the canons of several synods, which were held previously, were gathered into one collection and provided with continuous numbers, and such a collection of canons, as we have seen, lay before the Synod of Chalcedon.
	www.synaxis.org /ecf/volume37/ECF37THE_FOURTH_ECUMENICAL_COUNCILTHE.htm (11993 words)

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