
	Where results make sense

Topic: Fourth War of Religion

	War - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Today only just wars are seen as legitimate, and it is the goal of organizations such as the United Nations to unite the world against wars of unjust aggression.
		Sometimes the term "war" is restricted by legal definition to those conflicts where one or both belligerents have made a formal declaration of war.
		A war where the forces in conflict belong to the same country or empire or other political entity is known as a civil war.
	open-encyclopedia.com /War (2810 words)

	Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly . INTERVIEW . Chris Hedges . January 31, 2003 \| PBS
		When you ask a democracy to go to war, the state is required to give evidence to the citizens that there is a credible and real threat against them, and that, therefore, their sons and daughters should be put in a situation in which they could be killed.
		Religion lends itself to that kind of triumphalism, that notion of the crusade, the purging of evil, the sanitation of dark forces by the forces of light.
		A: In the war in the former Yugoslavia, religion was not the cause of the war.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/religionandethics/week622/hedges.html (7528 words)

	The Changing Face of War: Into the Fourth Generation
		Fourth is a goal of collapsing the enemy internally rather than physically destroying him.
		Fourth generation adversaries will be adept at manipulating the media to alter domestic and world opinion to the point where skillful use of psychological operations will sometimes preclude the commitment of combat forces.
		This is not to say that terrorism is fourth generation warfare, but rather that elements of it may be signs pointing toward a fourth generation.
	www.cursor.org /backhome/fourth_gen.htm (3232 words)

	Wars of Religion
		The religious wars began with overt hostilities in 1562 and lasted until the Edict of Nantes in 1598.
		This third war was more protracted, and brought the war to the rural areas in central and southern France, spreading the suffering to the population and raising the cultural tensions between Catholics and Protestants.
		The fourth war was set off when the city of La Rochelle, the de facto capital of the Protestants, refused to pay taxes to the king because of the massacre and refused admittance to the royal governor.
	www.lepg.org /wars.htm (3850 words)

	BBC - Religion & Ethics - The Ethics of War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Congress of Vienna ruled in the case of Napoleon that it was a crime to go to war in breach of a treaty.
		The "Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of the War and on the Enforcement of Penalties" lays down a clear doctrine of criminal responsiblity for war crimes.
		Fourth Geneva Convention brings together the elements of the first three Geneva Conventions and adds rules to protect civilians during war.
	www.bbc.co.uk /religion/ethics/war/conventions.shtml (550 words)

	The Fourth World War by Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos / Autonomy: Chiapas - California / In Motion Magazine
		Such was the case with nazism in the second World War, and, in the Third, with all that had been known as the USSR and the socialist camp as an option to the capitalist world.
		The concept of "total war" was developed further: it is not only a war on all fronts, it is a war which can be anywhere, a total war in which the entire world is at stake.
		An example would be the Persian Gulf War, a war which involved a great accumulation of military force in a short period of time, a large military action in a short period of time, the conquering of territories and withdrawal.
	www.inmotionmagazine.com /auto/fourth.html (6077 words)

	Khilafah.com - Destroy the Fourth Crusader War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The declaration of war on the Muslims of Iraq announced by George Bush is a declaration of war against the entire Islamic Ummah.
		The fact that America is in an actual state of war requires of Muslims to consider this state of war as a basis for her relations with her.
		The war that Bush started is a colonial war aimed at achieving hegemony and control, imposing influence and reshaping the region anew according to the new American standards.
	www.khilafah.com /home/category.php?DocumentID=6858&TagID=2 (2211 words)

	Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Parties to the conflict shall take the necessary measures to ensure that children under fifteen, who are orphaned or are separated from their families as a result of the war, are not left to their own resources, and that their maintenance, the exercise of their religion and their education are facilitated in all circumstances.
		Ministers of religion who are interned shall be allowed to minister freely to the members of their community.
		Ministers of religion shall be at liberty to correspond on matters concerning their ministry with the religious authorities in the country of detention and, as far as possible, with the international religious organizations of their faith.
	www.unhchr.ch /html/menu3/b/92.htm (14864 words)

	Stalin's Holy War: Religion, Nationalism, and Alliance Politics, 1941-1945, by Steven Merritt Miner. Introduction. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It is argued here that religion was a significant factor in all of these areas, and a comprehensive history of religion during the war must address each of them.
		A large American interview project of refugees from the USSR after the war suggested that "the church was overwhelmingly considered the sole area in which German rule brought decided improvement."[30] Certainly, Moscow knew of German-sponsored or -tolerated religious activity in the occupied territories, and this was the source of great anxiety.
		Throughout the war, therefore, Moscow and its agents abroad would work tirelessly to eradicate the memory of prewar Soviet religious repression and to replace it with a new image of the USSR as the defender of Christian civilization.
	uncpress.unc.edu /chapters/miner_stalins.html (7172 words)

	Religion and War
		American wars usually contain some elements of both holy war and Rambo, but it is in the name of National Self-Interest that the formal decision to go to war is made.
		Even if one rejects the proposition that no war of any kind is any longer justifiable, it has to be admitted that fewer and fewer wars could reasonably pass the moral criteria, given the increased risks.
		Although religion can play a dangerous role in conflicts if it is allowed to become caught up in demonizing the enemy, overall, we need our religious principles and our religious traditions to guide us in dealing constructively with one another.
	www.rochesterunitarian.org /1998-99/990314.html (2566 words)

	Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949.
		In addition to the provisions which shall be implemented in peace-time, the present Convention shall apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties, even if the state of war is not recognized by one of them.
		In case of alarms, the measures internees shall be free to enter such shelters as quickly as possible, excepting those who remain for the protection of their quarters against the aforesaid hazards.
		Any civilian, military, police or other authorities, who in time of war assume responsibilities in respect of protected persons, must possess the text of the Convention and be specially instructed as to its provisions.
	www.icrc.org /ihl.nsf/7c4d08d9b287a42141256739003e636b/6756482d86146898c125641e004aa3c5?OpenDocument (17144 words)

	Encyclopedia: 1572 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The French Wars of Religion were a series of conflicts fought between Catholics and Huguenots (Protestants) from the middle of the sixteenth century to the Edict of Nantes in 1598.
		Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, the third Duke of Alva (or Alba) (1508-January 12, 1583) was a Spanish general and governor of the Spanish Netherlands (1567 - 1573), nicknamed the Iron Duke because of his cruelty, giving the Protestants of the Low Countries a firsthand taste of the Black Legend.
		In the Eighty Years War the city of Haarlem in the Netherlands was put under a bloody siege by a Spanish army that wanted to reclaim the revolted city for Philip II, the Spanish king.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/1572 (3755 words)

	WAR AND RELIGION - part one - by the Real Indiana Jones (WOVOCA.com - Earth Mother Crying! © )
		Religion and politics were forever bound together when Ha Shem created a nation at Mount Sinai and gave them their Constitution in the form of the Torah.
		Esdras goes on to describe what can only be a Civil War, “And behold, the body of the Eagle was divided and strove inside itself.” During the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, certain powerful interests saw an opportunity to gain control of the money supply and a great war between the states was the result.
		This Fourth Beast of Daniel emerges in the Last Days in a consortium with and melting into one with the Apocalyptic Beast of Revelation chapter 13:1-10… “And I John stood on the sand of the sea, [Israel] and behold a Beast rose out of the sea [the Gentile Nations] having seven heads and ten horns.
	www.wovoca.com /prophecy-israel.htm (10158 words)

	"The Changing Face of War: Into the Fourth Generation" by Lind, Nightengale, Schmitt, Sutton & Wilson
		Too many so-called "smart" weapons provide examples; in combat they are easy to counter, fail of their own complexity, or make impossible demands on their operators.
		Some elements in terrorism appear to reflect the previously noted "carryovers" from third generation warfare.
		Some ideological elements in South America see drugs as a weapon; they call them the "poor man's intercontinental ballistic missile." They prize the drug traffic not only for the money it brings in through which we finance the war against ourselves — but also for the damage it does to the hated North Americans.
	www.d-n-i.net /fcs/4th_gen_war_gazette.htm (3216 words)

	Joseph Loconte & Nile Gardiner on War & Religion on National Review Online
		Church leaders also claim that war would destabilize the region and incite more terrorist wrath against the United States and Britain.
		The U.S. war in Afghanistan toppled a brutal government, eliminated a safe haven for al Qaeda, and was greeted with unbridled joy by those who suffered most under the Taliban — women and children.
		— Joseph Loconte is the William E. Simon fellow in religion and a free society at the Heritage Foundation, where Nile Gardiner is a visiting fellow in Anglo-American security policy.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/comment-loconte-gardiner031203.asp (991 words)

	Decades History Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The slaughter of French Protestants at the hands of Catholics began in Paris as Charles IX of France attempted to rid the country of Huguenots.
		France’s fourth war of religion started with the Massacre of St. Bartholomew’s Day, in which 50,000 Huguenots and their leader, Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, were killed in and around Paris.
		France’s Fourth War of Religion ended with the Pacification of Boulogne.
	www.decades.com /ByDecade/1570-1579/2.htm (916 words)

	WHKMLA : Fourth Huguenot War, 1572-1573
		The city of La Rochelle, in response to the massacre, refused to admit the royal governor and withheld the payment of taxes.
		in November issued a declaration of war; a royal army under the command of the King's brother, Duke Henri of Anjou (the future King Henri III), laid siege to the port city, from the land side.
		The Wars of Religion, from Le Poulet Gauche
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/16cen/huguenot4.html (442 words)

	French Wars of Religion Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		King declared war on city of La Rochelle
		Home : Conflict and War : 15th - 17th Century Conflicts :
		Do you have any comments and suggestions about this timeline, please e-mail and tell us at: suggestions@timelines.info
	www.timelines.info /history/conflict_and_war/15th_-_17th_century_conflicts/french_wars_of_religion (79 words)

	Battlegames : History : Chronology of Conflict (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Second Italian War between Charles V and Francis I
		Third Italian War between Charles V and Francis I
		Fourth Italian War between Charles V and Francis I
	www.battlegames.co.uk /html/history/chrono_AD16th.htm (60 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)