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Topic: Fourth century CE

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	Quadi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		First Century BCE/CE In the 1st century BCE, according to Roman written sources, the Quadi were migrating alongside the more numerous Marcomanni, whose name simply means the "men of the borderlands" living on the frontiers of Germany, where it was bordered by the River Danube, south of which lay Roman territory.
		Second Century CE In the later 2nd century CE, Marcus Aurelius fought them in the Marcomannic War, for which our source is an abridgement of lost books of Dio Cassius' history.
		Third and Fourth Centuries CE In the 4th century, Valentinian spent much of his reign defending the Rhine frontier against a mixed horde of Sarmatians, Goths, and Quadi under their king Gabinius, who was slain at the treaty table by the Roman Marcellinus, son of the praefect of Gaul, Maximinus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Quadi (792 words)

	Nepal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By 250 BCE, the region came under the influence of the Mauryan empire of northern India, and later became a puppet state under the Gupta Dynasty in the 4th century CE.
		The Licchavi dynasty went into decline in the late 8th century and was followed by a Newari era, from 879, although the extent of their control over the entire country is uncertain.
		By late 11th century, southern Nepal came under the influence of the Chalukaya Empire of southern India.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nepal (5117 words)

	Medieval Dates
		5th Century, CE Spain ceases to be a part of the Roman Empire (which splits in two with its better, richer half moving its capital east to Constantinople) and experiences a series of invasions by the Vandals, Suevi, and Alani, and then is dominated by Visigothic rule.
		The Sixth Century, CE The Visigoths continue to strengthen their empire in Spain with the adoption of Roman Catholicism as the religion of the state and the establishment of Toledo as the capital of the Visigothic Empire (henceforth called the "Imperio toledano").
		The Eighth Century, CE A period of swift changes and cultural diversity, the seventh century, CE sees the invasion and conquest of the Iberian peninsula by Muslim forces, a major dynastic change in Damascus, the beginning of the Carolingian Renaissance in Frankish lands and the beginnings of a Jewish and Muslim Golden Age in al-Andalus.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /santiago/text.html (2125 words)

	Banyas: Cult Center of the God Pan
		Following the Muslim conquest in the 7th century, this pagan cult center which had existed throughout the Byzantine period was destroyed and the ashlars of the walls removed for re-use.
		During the first century CE another shrine, dedicated to Pan and the Nymphs, was constructed east of the Temple of Augustus.
		In the third century, a cultic building for the burial of the bones of the sacred goats was erected at the eastern end of the sacred precinct.
	www.us-israel.org /jsource/Archaeology/banyas.html (1245 words)

	[No title]
		Pauline Christianity was legalized in the 313 CE and became the official religion of the Empire circa 380 CE.
		Century CE, and was restored by Joseph Smith in the early 19
		Gnostic Christians This movement and its literature were essentially wiped out by the end of the 5th century CE by heresy hunters from mainline Christianity.
	www.religioustolerance.org /chr_meta.htm (1363 words)

	A brief overview of the early history of the Orthodox Church
		Circa 30 CE: Founding of Christianity: Christianity was founded by Yeshua of Nazareth, now generally referred to as Jesus Christ -- a Greek translation of Yeshua, Messiah.
		Fourth century CE: The years of Christian persecution came to an end in 313 CE.
		Later in the fourth century, Emperor Theodosian issued a series of decrees or rescripts to "suppress all rival religions, order the closing of the temples, and impose fines, confiscation, imprisonment or death upon any who cling to the older [Pagan] religions.
	www.religioustolerance.com /chr_orthh.htm (1714 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2004.03.18
		The texts range in date from the second century BCE to the fourth century CE, although the majority of the papyri are Roman in date (texts 20, a receipt for the sale of land, and 21, a marriage contract, are the only Ptolemaic pieces).
		Text 10 is a rent contract of a quarter share of a house between two veterans dated to the early fourth century; text 12, along with texts 66, 67, 68, 69 and 70 comes from an official archive from Philadelphia dating to the end of the fourth century CE.
		Text 36 (170 CE, Soknopaiou Nesos) is a fascinating text concerned with the delivery of linen by the priests of the important Roman period temple in the north Fayyum for the burial of the Apis bull at Memphis.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2004/2004-03-18.html (940 words)

	Amaterasu-Epona
		The statue of Aphrodite is from Myrina, 2nd century BCE; the "Birth of Aphrodite" on the shell is from the Ludovisi Throne, 470-60 BCE; the figurine of Aphrodite on a swan is from Boeotia, Greece, 6th century BCE.
		Celtic Goddess of smithcraft, poetry, inspiration, and healing, she was known as the "Bright Arrow" and was associated with fertility and the birth of lambs in the spring.
		She stands in front of a third century sculpture of the Goddess Brigantia from Scotland; her pendant shows a portrait of a woman from a cauldron found at Kraghede, Denmark, 1st century BCE; her torque is from Snettisham, Norfolk, England, 1st century, BCE; bracelet from Erstfeld, Switzerland, 4th century BCE.
	www.goddessmyths.com /Amaterasu-Epona.html (1826 words)

	Nyingma History
		Century CE that Buddhism began to be established in any systematic and general way.
		Centuries CE a second wave of translation and interpretation occurred resulting in the New Translation period of the Sarma.
		Century CE Kunkhyen Jigme Lingpa and Gertse Mahapandita verify the authenticity of the Nyingma Gyudbum inner tantra texts and compose catalogues and histories for a blockprint edition made at Derge, eastern Tibet.
	www.nyingma.com /nyingma%20History.htm (2036 words)

	Linux Today - Linux Today: The Alexandria Effect
		In the fourth century CE, under the Christian Patriarch Cyril, the library was looted and torched.
		Seven centuries of human knowledge was lost in one fell swoop; much of the knowledge contained in the volumes at the Library would not be rediscovered for up to 1500 years later.
		Late in the 21st century CE, a law was passed severely restricting the use of paper for documents.
	www.linuxtoday.com /mailprint.php3?action=pv<sn=2001-05-18-009-20-OP (911 words)

	Jordan - Touristic Sites - South of Amman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		His victory was short-lived, however, as in the mid-ninth century BCE the Moabite King Mesha freed the city from the control of the Israelites (2 Kings 3).
		Near the beginning of the second century CE, Trajan ousted the Nabateans from Madaba, and the city gradually became a Roman provincial town with the usual colonnaded streets and impressive public buildings.
		Grand buildings and a reservoir were constructed, while in the sixth century CE bishops were assigned to the city and a number of religious structures were erected.
	www.kinghussein.gov.jo /tourism6a.html (1213 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Noble Eightfold Path
		The history of Buddhism spans from the 6th century BCE to the present, starting with the birth of the Buddha Siddhartha Gautama.
		(iv) With the abandoning of pleasure and pain...as with the earlier disappearance of elation and distress...he enters and remains in the fourth jhāna: purity of equanimity and mindfulness, neither in pleasure nor in pain.
		The Noble Eightfold Path, according to Buddhism and as taught by Gautama Buddha, is the way to the cessation of suffering, the fourth part of the Four Noble Truths.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Noble-Eightfold-Path (1750 words)

	Prof. Aune's Photos from Egypt
		The second day we drove to St. Catherine's Monastery, founded in the fourth century CE by Helena, the mother of the Emperor Constantine, where we overnighted.
		It was rebuilt in the sixth century, and the walls and church date from that period.
		To the left is a mosque built in the 12th century to accommodate the Muslims in the area.
	www.nd.edu /~daune/near_east_arch/egypt/egypt.htm (476 words)

	The biblical book of Revelation: acceptance and dispute
		During the 1st century CE, Judaism was composed of about 24 separate religious groups.
		The Council of Constantinople in 380 CE went further, and declared millennialism to be a heresy.
		In the fourth century CE, when the canon of the Bible was assembled from among the approximately 50 gospels and hundreds of epistles then in use by the Christian movement, Revelation was only reluctantly included.
	www.religioustolerance.org /chr_ntb5d.htm (404 words)

	History of Iran: Ctesiphon (Parthian: Tyspwn)
		At the end of the fourth century, king Seleucus, the successor of Alexander the Great and founder of the Seleucids empire, built Seleucia on the opposite bank of Opis.
		In the second century CE, the large city became the natural target for Roman aggression, because the Romans thought that the capture of the Parthian capital would inevitably result in the fall of the eastern empire.
		In the fifth century, Ctesiphon became a very important center of Nestorianism, a Christian church that accepts a larger distance between the two natures of Christ than the churches of the West.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/ctesiphon/ctesiphon.php (710 words)

	BBC - Religion & Ethics - Buddhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Son was introduced there in approximately the 7th century CE by a Korean monk named Pomnang, said to have studied under the fourth Chinese patriarch, but little is known of him or of these early times.
		During the 9th century CE, Son Buddhism became the dominant form of Buddhism in Korea as a result of a steady stream of Korean masters going to China to study Ch'an Buddhism and returning to Korea to teach.
		Son remained significant in Korea until 1392 CE, when a revolt replaced the pro-Buddhist government with one that favoured Confucianism and regarded Buddhism as an un-Korean influence.
	www.bbc.co.uk /religion/religions/buddhism/subdivisions/korean_zen.shtml (588 words)

	Culture of Iran: Cultural and Cosmological Impact of Iranian Civilization in Vietnam and Peninsular Areas of Southeast ...
		By the third century CE, Parthian Empire's trade routes were extended in the maritime ports of Southeast Asia as far as the Malay Peninsula's international port of Tun-sun, where the Iranian merchants had established settlements with no less than 500 residents [Wheatley 1964:47].
		The discovery of Sogdian inscriptions in Inner Tibet and in Western Himalayas [Flood 1991:32] and the spread of its kin-Iranian cultural sphere in Southeast Asia are among the cultural factors in support of the argument for the impact of the diffusion of Partho-Sassanid culture and cosmology in Southeast Asia.
		Indeed the extent of this rich cultural impact from the direction of Sassanian civilization to the Far East was symbolized in the ninth century CE by the Chinese Wang Chien who wrote: "The families of Lo-yang learn Iranian music".
	www.iranchamber.com /culture/articles/iranian_cultural_impact_southeastasia.php (1261 words)

	The Berzin Archives - Historical Sketch of Buddhism and Islam in East Turkistan
		Around the first century CE, it came from Gandhara (Pakistan) and Kashmir to Kashgar, and also from Gandhara, Kashmir, and Khotan to the Indo-European people of Kroriana, near Lop Nor to the east of Khotan.
		The Chinese had military garrisons in these oasis states from the first century BCE until the second century CE, but this was before the establishment of Buddhism in China.
		In the mid-ninth century, at about the same time as the Tibetans left East Turkistan after Langdarma's rule, most of the Altai branch of the Uighurs, who had been ruling Mongolia for the previous century and a half, moved to Turfan.
	www.berzinarchives.com /islam/history_east_turkestan_buddhism.html (893 words)

	GTP
		In the fourteenth century, it became the capital of an administrative region in Babylonia.
		At the end of the fourth century, king Seleucus, the successor of Alexander, built Seleucia on the opposite bank of Opis.
		In the second century CE, the Parthians moved the center of this city to the eastern bank, and renamed Opis Ctesiphon.
	www.gtp.gr /LocInfo.asp?infoid=28&code=MIQZZZ00BGWBGW&PrimeCode=MIQZZZ00BGWBGW&Level=8&PrimeLevel=8&IncludeWide=1&LocId=56992 (466 words)

	The Holy Order of O:N:E:
		The first edition of the Gospel of John was composed, very early in the second century CE and under the pressure of Synoptic ascendancy, as a combination of the Johannine Signs Gospel and the Synoptic traditions about the passion and resurrection.
		The text, written around the middle of the second century CE, was dependent on a harmonized version of the Gospels of Matthew, Luke, and possibly Mark as well (Koester, 1982:202-203; Cameron, 1982:103-104).
		Extant middle-second-century CE text is redacted from the Cross Gospel and intracanonical units such as Joseph and Burial in 6:23-24, Women and Youth in 12:50-13:57, and Disciples and Apparition in14:60.
	www.essenes.net /new/Crossanchron.html (2563 words)

	Notes from History - Ancient roots, modern legacy - Life&Leisure news
		A fourth century CE decree by emperor Theodosius refers to such persecution, including the destruction of synagogues.
		Among the most prominent Jews in the early centuries of Bulgarian statehood was Sarah, who married tsar Ivan Alexander (1331 to 1371) and took the name Theodora on converting to Christianity.
		In the mid-14th century, there were two councils in Turnovo against the Jews, who were accused on charges of blasphemy against the Christian scriptures.
	www.sofiaecho.com /art.php?id=10218&catid=32 (935 words)

	Sample Chapter for Levin, C.; Kohl, M.,: The Old Testament: A Brief Introduction.
		In the second century CE, new translations of the proto-Masoretic text were made for Greek-speaking Jews in place of the Septuagint.
		In the eighth and ninth centuries the Vulgate came to be generally accepted in the Western church.
		This shows that this text, which was the only one used in the Jewish community from the end of the first century CE, is not an edited revision, but is also a form of the text with its own history.
	www.pupress.princeton.edu /chapters/s7935.html (2637 words)

	The Myth of a Gentile Galilee by Mark A. Chancey
		The chronological dimension of this evidence is crucial because Galilee's cultural ethos changed dramatically after the defeat of the Jews by the Romans in the first revolt (66-70 CE) and the stationing of a Roman legion near and in Galilee c.
		To take this evidence from the second and third centuries CE, a very different period in Galilee's historical development, and draw conclusions about the first century -- especially the early first century when Galilee was ruled by a client king, not a Roman governor -- would be terribly anachronistic.
		In short, while it is reasonable to assume that there were some gentiles in first-century CE Sepphoris, there is nothing in the archaeological or literary record to suggest that there was an especially large number.
	www.bibleinterp.com /articles/Myth_Gentile_Galilee.htm (2130 words)

	Dating the Bible - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Hartman and Di Lella, 1978), the book of Daniel was written in the third century to second century BCE, even though it claims to have been written in the 6th century BCE (Hartman and Di Lella suggest multiple authorship, with some material dating to the third century, culminating with a second century editor and redactor).
		The Nag Hammadi collection, also known as the Gnostic Scriptures (Pagels), were not accepted as canonical by Jerome in the 4th century CE.
		They were written in Coptic, and are generally dated to the third and fourth centuries CE.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Dating_the_Bible (995 words)

	Diaspora (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Already in the first century CE, Judaism had spread to Hispania; in the early fourth century, there was a Jewish community in Cologne in Germania Inferior.
		At the end of the fourth century, the rabbinical traditions of Judaea were written down in the Palestinian Talmud.
		In the late fifth century, Jews in that area were forced to flee, and some scholars wrote down their threatened traditions: the Babylonian Talmud, which is larger than its Palestinian twin, and has become more authoritative.
	www.livius.org /di-dn/diaspora/diaspora.htm (1058 words)

	Jordan - History - Christendom and the Byzantines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		As Christianity gradually became the accepted religion of the area in the fourth century, churches and chapels began to sprout up across Jordan.
		The plague of 542 CE wiped out much of the population, while another cause may have been the Sassanian invasion of 614 CE.
		The Sassanians, who had ruled Persia and Iraq since the early third century CE, occupied Jordan, Palestine and Syria for fifteen years, but the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius managed to recover the area in 629 CE.
	www.kinghussein.gov.jo /his_chris_byzan.html (346 words)

	Buddhism Buddha Buddha Riligion - GKIndia.com
		Fourth Buddhist Council (not recognized by Theravada) at Jalandhar in Kashmir: Ven.
		Century of war and disorder in the Roman Empire began.
		Reign of Chandragupta II of India 375-413 CE Buddhism introduced to Silla in SE Korea: Buddhapalita and Bhavaviveke of Madhyamika school (1st half of 5 century CE): Dinnaga, acclaimed to be the founder of Buddhist logic; Buddhadatta
	www.gkindia.com /worldreligions/buddhism.htm (773 words)

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