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Topic: Foxfire (bioluminescence)

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	Bioluminescence K-12 Experiments for Lesson Plans & Science Fair Projects
		Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism as the result of a chemical reaction during which chemical energy is converted to light energy.
		Bioluminescence is a form of luminescence, or "cold light" emission; less than 20% of the light is generated by thermal radiation.
		Bioluminescence is used as a lure to attract prey by several deep sea fish such as the anglerfish.
	www.juliantrubin.com /encyclopedia/biochemistry/bioluminescence.html (1171 words)

	Putting Down Roots --Gardening Columns
		Foxfire is a curiosity, an educational toy for children, and part of folk tales and cultural myths concerning elves, ghosts, and supernatural "cold" fires.
		Despite all the romance and myth surrounding foxfire, its source is fungi rotting wood, explains Kim Coder, a forestry professor at the University of Georgia.
		Bioluminescence is produced by the sudden decay of a high-energy molecule to a lower energy form.
	www.puttingdownroots.net /columns/2003/fire.htm (759 words)

	Foxfire: Bioluminescent Fungi
		Bioluminescence in Fungi says that the "bioluminescent ability occurs in 25 different phyla many of which are totally unrelated".
		Foxfire depends upon a number of conditions to survive, but once taken from the wild it's been known to be quite durable, lasting for days in people's fridges, or being posted through the mail, etc. It's even been put to practical purposes in the past:
		Foxfire: Bioluminescence in the Forest, Kim D. Coder, University of Georgia.
	inamidst.com /lights/foxfire (600 words)

	Foxfire Resort
		Foxfire is the name of a series of books which are anthologies of articles from a lesser-known magazine of the same name.
		Foxfire is the term for an eerie glow in the forest generally attributed to bioluminescent fungus (genus ''Armillaria'') which grows on decaying wood.
		The Foxfire Fund or, simply, Foxfire, is a not-for-profit educational and literary organization in Rabun County, Georgia that uses stories and practical instructions from the people in its Appalachian surroundings to teach and promote a self-sufficient, self-reflective way of life.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/65/foxfire-resort.html (864 words)

	Foxfire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Foxfire (bioluminescence), the glow from a forest fungus.
		Foxfire: Confessions of a Girl Gang, a novel by Joyce Carol Oates.
		Foxfire (1955 film)a Western directed by Joseph Pevney.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foxfire (181 words)

	Living Light
		Bioluminescence can be confused with fluorescence, but differs in that energy comes from chemical reactions, rather than a source of light (Haddock 2005).
		Bioluminescence is found on land as well as within the sea.
		Bioluminescent bacteria are prevalent in many places, and will sometimes serve in a symbiotic relationship with a larger organism.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /people/midorcas/animalphysiology/websites/2005/Plekon/livinglight.htm (250 words)

	BL Web: Reader Questions
		The bioluminescent reaction requires hydrogen peroxide, a copper-containing luciferase and a luciferin whose structure and chemical synthesis was described by Dr. John Wampler in my laboratory as N-isovaleryl-3-amino-1-propanal.
		Bioluminescent dinoflagellates are found all over the world in the temperate and tropical oceans, but in these special bays they are found in higher concentrations than anywhere else in the world.
		It is thought that their high concentrations are created by the unique flushing of these bays with narrow openings to the ocean and the fact that they are lined with mangroves that add nutrients to the water that normally limit the dinoflagellates growth.
	www.lifesci.ucsb.edu /~biolum/answers.html (7969 words)

	1999 Shirt Lake Almanac
		Bioluminescence is the term that covers all of the species, plant and animal, that emit light.
		With that heavy stuff out of the way here are some interesting facts about "living" light, or as in the case of the trees, foxfire.
		In 1986 scientists produced bioluminescence in tobacco plants by splicing the luciferase gene into the genetic material.
	www.blueberrypoint.com /1999/08/16.cfm (813 words)

	Chemoluminescence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A standard example of chemoluminescence in the laboratory setting is found in the luminol test, where evidence of blood is taken when the sample glows upon contact with iron.
		When chemoluminescence takes place in living organisms, the phenomenon is called bioluminescence.
		Chemoluminescence takes place in numerous living organisms, the American firefly being a widely studied case of bioluminescence.
	wikipedia.cas.ilstu.edu /index.php/Chemoluminescence (708 words)

	[No title]
		Malt agar -The malt agar produced a bioluminescence level that was constant throughout the samples (with wood and without).
		The bioluminescent glow for the breadcrumb and vitamin agar with no wood was in between the oak and pine samples.
		The bioluminescence produced by the fungi growing with the pine and vitamin media was the highest out of all.
	mv.lycaeum.org /mu/armillaria_bioluminescence.html (861 words)

	Foxfire (bioluminescence) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Foxfire is the term for the bioluminescence created by a fungus that can grow on decaying wood in the right conditions.
		It is often attributed to members of the genus Armillaria, though others are reported, and as many as 40 individual species have been identified.
		Foxfire: Bioluminescence in the Forest and the pdf file by Dr. Kim D. Coder, University of Georgia 8/99
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foxfire_(bioluminescence) (157 words)

	Foxfire - Everything on Foxfire (information, latest news, articles,...)
		Foxfire: a series of books and a magazine published by the Foxfire Fund: a not-for-profit educational and literary organization in Rabun County, Georgia.
		Foxfire: a 1996 movie, based on the novel by Joyce Carol Oates.
		Foxfire: a Tony Award-winning play that was later adapted into an Emmy Award-winning telefilm.
	www.spiritus-temporis.com /foxfire (261 words)

	Gerald Durrell Jersey Zoo Bioluminescence Chemiluminescence
		It is a bioluminescence caused by a wood-rotting fungus and is akin to the light of the glow-worm, firefly and lantern fish.
		The mechanism is the oxidation of luciferin, a light-emitting compound, mediated by the enzyme luciferase.
		Bioluminescent bacteria are common in the marine environment and are a common cause of glowing seafood.
	www.shoarns.com /Luminous.html (4005 words)

	MARCH26 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		What Paul saw were bioluminescent, single-cell algae (dinoflagellates).
		Bioluminescence is essentially absent (with a few exceptions) in fresh water.
		On land it is most commonly seen as glowing fungus on wood (called foxfire), or in the few families of luminous insects.
	www.enoreo.on.ca /~bellavia/mar26.html (1678 words)

	Audubon Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Perhaps the most familiar example of bioluminescence is the common firefly, or lightning bug, which flashes a yellow light from the end of its abdomen to attract potential mates in summer.
		Foxfire fungi, for example, found on rotting wood in forests in North America, Europe, and as far away as Asia, produce an eerie green glow likely to attract animals that disperse their spores through the forest.
		Another effective bioluminescent defense often used by schools of smaller sea creatures such as mid-water shrimp is called countershading.
	magazine.audubon.org /features0611/vieques-webExclusives.html (647 words)

	DNR Question of the Week Archive: Minnesota DNR
		This phenomenon, called "foxfire", is a blue-green glow given off by the mycelia (threadlike strands) of certain fungi that grow in rotting wood.
		Bioluminescence, the emission of light from living organisms, is most likely to occur when decomposing wood is damp and when the temperature is in the high 70s.
		If you want to see foxfire, go for a hike in the woods after dark on a cloudy or moonless night in late summer or early fall.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /news/question_week/oct04.html (729 words)

	Atp bioluminescence
		Bioluminescence is simply light produced by a source of an angler jellyfish a chemical atp bioluminescence reaction.
		At least two atp bioluminescence chemicals are among the predominant source of light is atp bioluminescence emitted and the deep ocean.
		Bioluminescence is not only carries around plankton, including dinoflagellates, but also directly affects their biology.
	bioluminescence.intlhospitalityacademy.com /atp-bioluminescence.html (2710 words)

	The Bioluminescence Web Page
		In contrast, bioluminescence is essentially absent (with a few exceptions) in fresh water, even in Lake Baikal.
		Bioluminescence has evolved many times in the sea as evidenced by the several distinct chemical mechanisms by which light is emitted and the large number of only distantly related taxonomic groups that have many bioluminescent members.
		Bioluminescent bacteria occur nearly everywhere, and probably most spectacularly as the rare "milky sea" phenomenon, particularly in the Indian Ocean where mariners report steaming for hours through a sea glowing with a soft white light as far as the eye can see.
	lifesci.ucsb.edu /~biolum (450 words)

	Notes from Underground - Summer 1999, David Rose, COMA
		Quite simply, bioluminescence is "living light." It is a natural light emitted from certain living creatures - protozoa, insects, crustaceans, fish, and fungi, among others - from a chemical process in which oxygen combines with a substance (known as luciferin) in the presence of an enzyme (luciferase).
		This, as well as 'foxfire' and 'touchwood,' were folk names for bioluminescent rhizomorphs, tough strands of mycelia, visible as shining runners in wood.
		The word 'foxfire,' by the way, has nothing to do with foxes, but is derived from the French 'faux fire,' meaning 'false fire.' Armillariella mellea, the honey mushroom, with its world-wide range and mycelial 'shoe-strings,' is most frequently responsible for streaks of foxfire in decaying wood.
	www.mushroomthejournal.com /coma/nfusum99.html (1184 words)

	Reflections
		Recently she discovered that a stick of wood for her heating stove had a spot on it that glowed in the dark.
		Editor's note: Eerie foxfire, also known as will-o'-the-wisp or faerie fire, is most commonly seen in moist fall woods.
		Some mystery remains attached to foxfire, however, for researchers are unable to ascertain any survival advantage for fungi emitting this strange glow.
	www.mdc.mo.gov /conmag/2000/05/reflect.htm (1029 words)

	NC Mountains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Hollifield is now one of the few recognized authorities on this kind of bioluminescence, which comes to light when certain mushrooms grow on moist, decaying timber.
		Foxfire is cool in color and soggy to the touch, the antithesis of red hot flames.
		According to an ancient tale, the swirling northern lights (aurora borealis) were thought to resemble a fox with a flaming tail running through the sky and were referred to as “foxfire.” The glow of foxfire in the woods must have reminded folks of the colors of the northern lights.
	www.visitnc.com /region_article.asp?r=1§iongroupid=1&articleid=945 (1248 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Foxfire may be more scarce here but it's more likely I haven't looked in the right places.
		I have seen glowing fungi on dead maple leaves but don't know if it was the same species as the foxfire I find on oaks.
		Although I knew about foxfire, lightningbugs and glow worms, an insect I found recently came as a complete surprise.
	www.ces.ncsu.edu /cabarrus/staff/dgoforth/newsart/glowworm.html (835 words)

	Species Spotlight: Foxfire
		Bioluminescence refers to light produced by a chemical reaction within an organism.
		It’s most common to get a glimpse of the foxfire phenomenon on a rotting log, as fungi are an integral part of the wood decay process.
		The search for foxfire does not have to be limited to walking around at night looking for faint glows on rotting logs.
	www.buckeyeforestcouncil.org /mj/Winter1999/Articles/mj13foxf.html (755 words)

	Althouse: Have you been having trouble seeing new posts to this blog?
		Foxfire was the name of a popular set of back-to-the-land how-to books in the 60's and 70's.
		There are also several bioluminescent species of jellyfish and other creatures inhabiting the waters around Puget Sound.
		And swimming in bioluminescent water (er, um, actually skinnydipping, but hardly erotic since the water is coooooold) is like swimming in fireworks.
	althouse.blogspot.com /2006/10/have-you-been-having-trouble-seeing.html (1090 words)

	About the So (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Bioluminescent Fungi.– Among CE-2 cases I have had the opportunity to see and/or read about, include tales about glowing marks on the ground, “phosphorescent patches,” or “ghostly lights” in the forests.
		Bioluminescent fungi are by no means a recent discovery, one of the earliest accounts of bioluminescent fungi in the New World was published by Spanish chronicler Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo in 1526 (Glawe and Solberg 1989).
		This might be an explanation to the ghostly green-bluish lights, the glow-in-the-dark (“foxfire” in US), or apparitions seen at night in the forests by the locals since immemorial times and precursors of many folk tales and legends (Nieves-Rivera in press).
	www.escepticospr.com /Archivos/uforings.htm (1708 words)

	home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Foxfire garden lighting fixtures are interpretations in solid copper of some of our favorite native plant species.
		We chose Foxfire as a name for our lighting because the fungal bioluminescence phenomenon known as foxfire is representative of the subtlety we feel is the essence of the best sort of garden lighting.
		This is foxfire, usually noticed in bits of decaying wood.
	www.reninet.com /foxfire/home.html (233 words)

	Current study of luminous rainforest floor litter at Springbrook Research Centre. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The areas where these luminous leaves occur are also occupied with an as yet unidentified luminous caterpillar and also by giant bioluminescent earthworms.
		The bioluminescence displayed occurs on large patches of forest litter during the decomposition process.
		These mushrooms do not appear to generate bioluminescence, yet the substrate material itself is bioluminescent possibly due to fungal discharge of its' waste products.
	maguires.com /~maguires/research/luminous_leaves.htm (580 words)

	Class
		Course description: Bioluminescence, also called "Living Light", is found throughout the animal kingdom occurring both in terrestrial and marine habitats.
		For 2002-2004 I was President of the International Society for Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence.
		Bioluminescence is one of the oldest studied subjects in Science.
	bmbiris.bmb.uga.edu /fres1010/Class.htm (1383 words)

	Jack
		Fireflies and their glowworm larvae are probably most famous for their bright bioluminescence, but a few fungi and bacteria also produce light.
		Most organisms use bioluminescence to find food or mates, but it is a mystery as to why a mushroom should glow.
		Fragments of decaying, glowing wood with the fungus embedded in it are called touchwood, and this ghostly light is one of the types of foxfire (another is from electrical energy).
	www2.brevard.edu /jefrick/jack.htm (670 words)

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