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Topic: Fragmentation (biology)

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	Fragmentation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In biology, fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction where an organism is split into fragments.
		In music, fragmentation is the use of fragments or the "division of a musical idea (gesture, motive, theme, etc.) into segments." It is used in tonal and atonal music and is used in musical development and closure.
		In weaponry, fragmentation is the process by which the casing of an artillery shell, bomb, grenade, etc is shattered by the detonating high explosive filling.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fragmentation (692 words)

	Habitat fragmentation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Habitat fragmentation can be caused by geological processes that slowly alter the layout of the physical environment or by human activity such as land conversion, which can alter the environment on a much faster time scale.
		Habitat fragmentation is frequently caused by humans when native vegetation is cleared for agriculture or development.
		Additionally, unoccupied fragments of habitat that are separated from a source of colonists by some barrier are less likely to be repopulated than adjoining fragments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Habitat_fragmentation (954 words)

	FragRefs
		The composition of the beetle and spider faunas in fragmented heathlands.
		Landscape characteristics of fragmented shrubsteppe habitats and breeding passerine birds.
		Rolstad, J. Consequences of forest fragmentation for the dynamics of bird populations: conceptual issues and the evidence.
	www.selu.edu /Academics/Faculty/jstratford/Research/FragRefs.htm (2949 words)

	Ecological Archvies A012-002-A1
		Developmental instability in a fragmented population of prairie phlox: A cautionary tale.
		Season-long fecundity, survival and viability of ovenbirds in fragmented and unfragmented landscapes.
		Defining forest fragmentation by corridor width: The influence of narrow, forest-dividing corridors on forest-nesting birds in southern New Jersey.
	www.esapubs.org /archive/appl/A012/002/appendix-A.htm (1961 words)

	Vivek Malhotra, Professor of Biology, UCSD
		We have reconstituted the fragmentation of the pericentriolar Golgi stacks in permeabilized Normal rat Kidney (NRK) cells by mitotic cytosol prepared from NRK cells that are arrested in mitosis.
		The fragmentation of the Golgi membranes reconstituted in our permeabilized cells is equivalent to the state of the Golgi membranes in the pre-metaphase/metaphase stage of the mitotic cycle in mammalian cells.
		Fragmentation and dispersal of the pericentriolar Golgi complex is required for entry into mitosis in mammalian cells.
	biology.ucsd.edu /faculty/malhotra.html (984 words)

	Fragmentation can make seedlings wimpy
		"Fragmentation of tropical dry forests reduces genetic variation and seedling vigor of the tree Samanea saman," says Mauricio Quesada of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico's Institute of Ecology in Morelia, Mexico, who did this research with three co-authors in the February issue of Conservation Biology.
		Tropical trees are particularly vulnerable to fragmentation in part because they grow at low densities and depend on animals for pollination.
		Fragmentation also decreased genetic diversity: in isolated trees, seeds from different fruits of the same tree were four times more likely to have the same father.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-01/sfcb-fcm012402.php (370 words)

	Devlopmental & Molecular Biology - Dennis Shields
		Fragmentation and Re-assembly of the Golgi apparatus in vitro: a requirement for phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis.
		A Caspase Cleavage Fragment of p115 Induces Fragmentation of the Golgi Apparatus and Apoptosis.
		Fragmentation of the Golgi Apparatus: A Role for bIII Spectrin and Synthesis of phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate.
	www.aecom.yu.edu /dmb/shields.htm (567 words)

	Bay Area Conservation Biology Symposium 2006
		Habitat fragmentation and grassland diversity in Eastern Contra Costa County.
		However, much fragmentation research focuses on attributes of the habitat fragments themselves, such as their size, shape, and isolation, while neglecting the resource potential of the surrounding landscape.
		Fragments of natural areas within urban centers (parks) are important reservoirs of biodiversity.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~gscb/fragmentation.htm (669 words)

	David Norton - People - New Zeland School of Forestry - University of Canterbury
		We found that large fragments were more likely to have mistletoes than small fragments, but that small fragments either contained many or few to no mistletoes, reflecting the way fragmentation "samples" the pre-existing distribution.
		These results indicate that, in order to predict biotic responses to fragmentation, information on distribution patterns and scales of patchiness in the prefragmentation landscape is required and the effects of fragmentation per se are likely to be confounded by other factors such as disturbance.
		Furthermore, quantifying fragmentation effects is difficult because of the small sample sizes typical of highly fragmented landscapes.
	www.fore.canterbury.ac.nz /people/norton_abstract_journls.shtml (1869 words)

	Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Birds in Western Landscapes: Contrasts with Paradigms from the Eastern United States
		Fragmentation of mature forest by young forest Fragmentation of mature forest by young for- est created by timber harvest has raised conser- vation concerns because of the loss of mature forest habitat and potential fragmentation ef- fects.
		The outcome of fragmentation is binary in the sense that the resulting landscape is assumed to be composed of fragments (e.g., forest) with something else (the non-forest matrix) between the fragments.
		Another result of habitat fragmentation is an increase in the amount of edge habitat, as well as the proliferation of new types of edges, as anthropogenic habitats (e.g., agriculture, logged forest, and urbanized areas) replace native hab- itats and abut the remaining fragments.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Condor/cooper/SGML/sab_025/sab_025.html (18188 words)

	Leaf Litter- Biohabitats eNewsletter
		In fact, the Center for Conservation Biology reported in the Fall of 2003 that human settlement and use patterns often echo the distribution of habitats and high biodiversity.
		As reported in the summer 2001 issue of Conservation Biology, a survey conducted for the Biodiversity Project found that the public's overall concern for species and habitat loss appears to be waning.
		Population persistence of a butterfly with habitat fragmentation
	www.biohabitats.com /ndg_newsite/newsletter/number.03/newsletter.htm (1058 words)

	Special section: Habitat fragmentation can amplify
		Fragments are well-known to be inferior to intact habitat because they are more likely to lose species.
		A study of hunting in Amazon forest fragments found that the smaller the fragment, the greater the overharvesting of animals from peccaries to monkeys to curassows (turkey-, tree-dwelling birds).
		A study of atmospheric deposition in deciduous forest fragments in New York State found that during the growing season, sulfate is about 20% higher at the edge than in the interior.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-11/sfcb-ssh112901.php (455 words)

	Forestry/Biology 4252
		The effects of habitat fragmentation by forestry and agriculture on the abundance of small mammals in the southern boreal mixedwood forest.
		Effects of forest fragment size, nest density, and proximity to edge on the risk of predation to ground-nesting birds.
		Effects of habitat fragmentation on the abundance of two species of leptodactylid frogs in an Andean montane forest.
	bolt.lakeheadu.ca /~dmorriswww/htmldocs/cons2003.html (3784 words)

	Recherche scientifique MNHN
		The resulting fragmentation is bound to have an effect on the populations of typical plant species present in these meadows.
		The aim of the project is to identify the existing and potential effects of rapid habitat fragmentation on hay meadow vegetation.
		The level of fragmentation of a population depends on one hand on the gegraphical distance to the next population and on the other hand on the size of the population.
	www.mnhn.lu /recherche/proj_bio_generic.htm (327 words)

	Survival and Evolution of Species in Fragmented Landscapes
		The network includes complementary research skills from basic population biology to genetics and mathematical modelling, which are required for succesful accomplishment of the ultimate aim of the network.
		Extinction occurs with a delay in recently fragmented landscapes; assessing the length of that delay is critical for conservation, and it may affect the chance of the species evolving in the changing landscape.
		Develop guidelines to assess the effects of metapopulation structure and habitat fragmentation on population persistence and the maintenance of genetic variation within and between metapopulations, drawing on data from tasks #1, 3 and 4, and analyses in task #2.
	www.helsinki.fi /science/fragland/tmr_idx.html (7318 words)

	Biology 489: Graduate Seminar
		As forest fragments can not be examined solely in isolation of their surroundings, it will often be necessary to take a landscape-level approach to the examination of fragmentation studies.
		A key emphasis of the seminar is to identify key theories and concepts, as well as methodological approaches related to the biology of fragmented forests.
		Habitat fragmentation, native insect pollinators, and feral honey bees in argentine "Chaco Serrano".
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/ibc99/tropic/frag.html (1173 words)

	A caspase cleavage fragment of p115 induces fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus and apoptosis -- Chiu et al., ...
		Fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during apoptosis is independent of GM130 phosphorylation.
		Fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus and apoptosis in COS7 cells transfected with cDNAs encoding full-length or p115 fragments
		fragmentation of the organelle and the onset of apoptosis.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/jcb.200208013v1 (6684 words)

	ScienceDaily: Fragmentation Linked To Stress In Birds
		This is supported by the finding that manakins were rarely recaptured in fragments, implying that they had grown their feathers in continuous forest.
		For instance, the forest fragments were separated by pasture and regenerating forest rather than by parking lots and houses.
		Fragmentation May Limit Songbird Sex Lives (May 30, 2001) -- Researchers have discovered a surprising factor in the decline of songbirds in North America: forest fragmentation may put a cramp in their sex lives.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2001/05/010529234825.htm (1596 words)

	[No title]
		Andren, H. Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat: a review.
		Bennett, A. Conservation of mammals within a fragmented forest environment: the contributions of insular biogeography and autecology.
		Quinn & Hastings, A. Extinction in subdivided habitats.
	www.nbi.ac.za /webftp/consfarm/bib/wffragment.txt (2120 words)

	National Science Foundation Awards Grants for Environmental Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This research will also provide general insights into the effects of forest fragmentation by serving as a case study that documents the effects of fragmentation and assesses the influence of ecological processes influencing biodiversity.
		Specific goals are to measure the amount of genetic differentiation in tropical tree populations over relatively small spatial scales, and ascertain whether fragmented populations possess the same level of genetic diversity as those of a larger forest of equal size.
		Says Bawa, "Deforestation and forest fragmentation are ubiquitous in the tropics and are presumed to result in loss of biodiversity, including genetic diversity within species.
	www.accessexcellence.org /RC/AB/IWT/NSF_Awards_Grants.html (1145 words)

	Fragmentation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		High schools often are criticized for having a fragmented approach to education.
		Subjects are compartmentalized--50 minutes of history, then biology, and perhaps physical education--and usually taught in isolation.
		The European use of apprenticeship, the Japanese use of group processes in school, and the emphasis on problem-solving teams on the job in both Europe and Japan are obvious examples of this applied focus." (p.
	www.ncrel.org /sdrs/areas/issues/envrnmnt/stw/sw1lk4.htm (218 words)

	Other courses of RF Rockwell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The course is intended to provide an introduction to both the theory and application of statistics in Biology.
		It stresses both descriptive and inferential statistics and is heavily focussed on using various analyses of variance to test hypotheses and probe data.
		Topics include the philosophy and ethics of conservation, biodiversity, extinction, fragmentation, biology of populations and communities, design and management of reserves, societal and political issues.
	research.amnh.org /~rfr/other.html (409 words)

	What is Forest Fragmentation?
		Furthermore, forest interior species, such as many of the beetles that were studied, were found to be highly prone to extinction in small fragments (Klein, 1989).
		Similar studies on other taxa have also shown the same results. For example, forest interior bird species are only found in the largest fragments (Newmark, 1991).
		Some believe that for some species, extinction rates might fall after isolation, due to protection from pathogens and predators, and reduced competition from new immigrants. They also point to the fact that species with animal seed dispersers able to survive in fragmented systems will be able to disperse well in these new systems (Kellman, 1996).
	www.environmentalsciences.homestead.com /aboutfragmentation.html (869 words)

	Principles of Conservation Biology - Chapter 7 Suggested Readings
		Most studies of all taxa found that movements of species were facilitated by corridors and that transient effects occur on fragments, with initial crowding followed by relaxation of abundances.
		Because roads are a primary cause of habitat fragmentation and related problems, it is must reading for conservationists.
		Baker’s chapter on measuring and analyzing forest fragmentation is one of the best treatments of this topic and would be useful to people studying fragmentation anywhere.
	www.sinauer.com /groom/article.php?id=44 (446 words)

	Critical role in programmed cell death identified
		In cells instructed to die, the mitochondria tend to become smaller or fragment, but whether this fragmentation is a requirement for cell death or a byproduct has been unclear, until now.
		Conradt and her colleagues determined that mitochondrial fragmentation is required for cells to die and that the process that commits cells to the point of no return happens quickly.
		The researchers demonstrated that when they cause worm mitochondria to fragment without instructing cells to die, the cells still die and when they block fragmentation, the cells survive; in other words, blocking fragmentation prevents cell death, inducing fragmentation provokes cell death.
	www.biologynews.net /archives/2005/02/16/critical_role_in_programmed_cell_death_identified.html?action=results&poll_ident=6 (1109 words)

	Bird song changes sound alarm over habitat fragmentation
		Although much previous research has focused on bird song and vocal mimicry, this is the first study to analyse the role played by habitat loss and fragmentation on song-matching.
		Having ruled out other explanations, such as the stage of the breeding season and competition intensity, the researchers say this change in song-sharing is due to lack of interaction between individuals isolated by habitat barriers.
		Sharing song types - when a male replies to a rival's song with the same song sequence - with neighbours is common in birds, and is thought to act as a threat signal between males, which would explain why birds have evolved such complex song repertoires.
	www.biologynews.net /archives/2005/12/01/bird_song_changes_sound_alarm_over_habitat_fragmentation.html (697 words)

	Fischer Presentations
		The effects of habitat fragmentation on fish developmental stability.
		The effect of habitat fragmentation on the dispersal and genetic variability of darters.
		The effects of habitat fragmentation on dispersal rates and genetic diversity in darters.
	www.ux1.eiu.edu /~cfruf/about/presentations.htm (1772 words)

	Biology
		I am especially interested in the effect of habitat fragmentation on population dynamics.
		This general interest acts as an umbrella for a variety of research projects that range from basic research on metapopulation dynamics in pikas (Ochotona princeps) and toads (Bufo boreas) to viability modeling of Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) populations in both fragmented and non-fragmented systems.
		The effect of habitat fragmentation on dispersal, mating behavior and genetic variation in a pika (Ochotona princeps) metapopulation.
	www.unr.edu /biology/peacock.htm (361 words)

	fragmentation \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		fragmentation in 13 languages, encyclopedia term for fragmentation.
		(computer science) the condition of a file that is broken up and stored in many different locations on a magnetic disk; "fragmentation slows system performance because it takes extra time to locate and assemble the parts of the fragmented file"
		fragmentation to French fragmentation to Italian fragmentation to Spanish fragmentation to Dutch fragmentation to Portuguese fragmentation to German fragmentation to Russian fragmentation to Japanese fragmentation to Chinese (T) fragmentation to Chinese (S) fragmentation to Korean fragmentation to Turkish fragmentation to Hebrew fragmentation to Additional fragmentation to Croatian fragmentation to Serbian fragmentation to Swedish
	www.babylon.com /definition/fragmentation (952 words)

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