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Topic: Fraktur (typeface)

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	Fraktur (typeface) Information
		Besides the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet, and the ess-zet and vowels with umlauts as well, Fraktur typefaces often include the long s, a variant form of the letter r, and a variety of ligatures once intended to aid the typesetter and which have specialized rules for their use.
		Fraktur quickly overtook the earlier Schwabacher and Textualis typefaces in popularity, and a wide variety of Fraktur fonts were carved.
		Fraktur saw a short resurgence after the War because many printers did not have the money for new typefaces during the economic hardships of (roughly) 1945-1955, but after the economy started to recover it was quickly abandoned.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Fraktur_(typeface) (574 words)

	Fraktur (typeface sub-classification) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Besides the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet, and the ess-zet and vowels with umlauts as well, Fraktur typefaces often include the long s, a variant form of the letter r, and a variety of ligatures once intended to aid the typesetter and which have specialized rules for their use.
		Fraktur quickly overtook the earlier Schwabacher and Textualis typefaces in popularity, and a wide variety of Fraktur fonts were carved.
		Fraktur saw a short resurgence after the War because many printers did not have the money for new typefaces during the economic hardships of (roughly) 1945-1955, but after the economy started to recover it was quickly abandoned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fraktur_(typeface) (697 words)

	Fraktur
		Fraktur quickly overtook the earlier Schwabacher and Gothic typefaces in popularity, and a wide variety of Fraktur fonts was carved.
		Fraktur went out of fashion during the early 20th century because of the obvious communication problems with non-native German speakers.
		Consequently, Fraktur is today used merely for decorative typesetting; for example, a number of traditional German newspapers still print their name in Fraktur on the first page.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fr/Fraktur_typeface.html (430 words)

	Fraktur and German Script
		Fraktur is a typeface used in older German books and printed documents.
		When the word "fraktur" is used in English, it generally refers to the typeface.
		An exception is "American fraktur" as used in the Pennsylvania German culture, where the documents themselves--not just the writing in them--are called fraktur.
	www.asherwin.com /frakturscript.html (542 words)

	Typeface
		In typography, a typeface is a co-ordinated set of letter designs, making a complete alphabet, and generally intended to be made into a font for printing or use on a computer display.
		A Gothic typeface was thus also carved by Johannes Gutenberg when he printed his 42-line Bible, including a large number of ligatures[?] and common abbreviations.
		Fraktur faces were in wide use in Germany until the end of World War II; see the Fraktur article for details.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ty/Typeface.html (964 words)

	JAIC 1994, Volume 33, Number 1, Article 3 (pp. 33 to 45)
		Fraktur lettering of the text and designs surrounding or embellishing the text are the two main elements of the fraktur.
		Frakturs were produced by Protestant groups from the Rhineland, Switzerland, and the surrounding regions who immigrated to the American colonies in the late 17th century seeking religious freedom.
		One of the primary occupations of this society, founded in 1730 by Conrad Beissel, was producing frakturs in the manner of a medieval cloister (Lichten 1958).
	aic.stanford.edu /jaic/articles/jaic33-01-003_2.html (1191 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Fraktur (typeface)
		However, in an attempt to deliberately differentiate Germany from the rest of the Western world, it was reinforced by Nazi Germany (1933–1945), which pronounced that Antiqua typefaces were not Aryan.
		Fraktur is today used merely for decorative typesetting; for example, a number of traditional German newspapers still print their name in Fraktur on the first page.
		In spite of the Nazi decree of 1941, Fraktur is frequently associated with the Nazi regime in American popular culture.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Fraktur_typeface (661 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Emphasis (typography)
		As a result, typefaces therefore have to be supplied at least fourfold (with computer systems, usually as four font files): as regular, italics, bold, and both bold and italics to provide for all combinations.
		The reason for this particular German typographic convention can be seen in the traditional use of flletter typefaces, for which boldface was not feasible, since the letters were very dark in their standard format.
		The flletter typefaces were officially abolished in 1942 by Nazi Germany, and after that, its use quickly diminished.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Bold (738 words)

	JAIC 1994, Volume 33, Number 1, Article 3 (pp. 33 to 45)
		ABSTRACT—A short history of the fraktur in America is presented, focusing on the Protestant German community in Pennsylvania from the late 17th century to the mid-19th century.
		The fraktur is one of the legacies of America's early cultural diversity.
		Fraktur: The illuminated manuscripts of the Pennsylvania Dutch.
	aic.stanford.edu /jaic/articles/jaic33-01-003.html (6062 words)

	Fraktur (typeface) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		typefaces One difference between the Fraktur and other flletter scripts is that in the small-letter o, the left part of the bow is broken, but the right part is not.
		I Danmark konkurrerede fraktur og antikva i hele 1800-tallet – endda endnu i begyndelsen af 1900-tallet.
		Annak ellenére, hogy használata régi német hagyomány, a fraktur sokak szemében – az 1941-es tiltó rendelet ellenére – a nácizmussal kapcsolódik össze.
	germanic.language.en.ogarnij.com /en/fraktur+%28typeface%29 (1683 words)

	METAe Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Fraktur type evolved in the 16th century and is only one of five typeface classes which are defined as "gothic fonts".
		The big success of the Fraktur type was due not so much to Maximilian (only four of his planned editions were completed), but to the adoption of this font type by the Renaissance artist Albrecht Dürer and by the reformation movement.
		Many new Fraktur versions were created in the 20th century, some of them are associated with the 'Dritte Reich' as they were abused for Nazistic ideology.
	heds.herts.ac.uk /METAe/Articles/art04_2.htm (681 words)

	CHAPTER III Learning German Typeface and Script (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It was this separation that caused Fraktur to be known as the “German” and Antiqua as the “Latin” font.
		For the next five centuries, the Germans managed to hold on to the ancient Fraktur, swaying between unanimous support of it and cursing the “anachronistic monk’s scribbling” depending on the current level of national sentiment.
		After all, German children had to learn eight different alphabets (Fraktur, Kurrent, Antiqua and Latin Script, upper and lower case each) and after 1941 this was reduced to four, thus making learning much easier on the children.
	home.comcast.net /~alsturm/Wurzeln/chapter_iii_learning_german_type.htm (1695 words)

	Historical Society of Berks County PA / Taufscheine/Fraktur
		Over 500 pieces of Pennsylvania hand-done fraktur and printed house blessings, birth, baptismal, confirmation, and marriage certificates are included in the extensive and rich permanent collection of the Historical Society.
		The word “Fraktur” refers to a type of German lettering or typeface used from the fifteenth century until World War II.
		Not only does Berks County fraktur represent a cornucopia because of sheer numbers of fraktur that came from this region, it also represents a microcosm of the history of American Taufscheine made possible by a mutually beneficial trade among schoolmasters, printers, and scnveners.
	www.berkshistory.org /fraktur (379 words)

	Production First Software Encyclopedia of Typography and Electronic Communication : F
		Fraktur Calligraphic styles of fl letter which mimic the writing style practiced specifically in the 12th to 14th century German monasteries and the typeface designs of late 15th century German printers.
		If a typeface is inherently an upright design, then the second digit is always odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9) while for a real italic typeface design, the second digit is always even (0, 2, 4, 6, 8).
		In a Japanese character set, a character glyph whose width is approximately standard height (analogous to « cap height ») and therefore is approximately the area of a square.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/profirst/f.htm (3754 words)

	Re: Phoenician, Fraktur etc
		If Fraktur and ordinary Latin are the same script, then it couldn't be said that the Germans abandoned the Fraktur script after WWII.
		Fraktur was dropped during the middle of the war.
		The name Fraktur comes from the Latin /frangere/ ("to break"), /fractus/ ("broken") - It is not surprising that a type style with a name originally meaning broken or fractured is a little difficult to read if you are not familiar with it.
	www.mail-archive.com /unicode@unicode.org/msg25178.html (304 words)

	German Fraktur Exhibition To Celebrate Bold American Art Form
		The "golden age" of fraktur took place in southeastern Pennsylvania during the late 1700s and early 1800s.
		"Fraktur range from the serious, such as those that emphasize fundamental religious beliefs, to the whimsical, like the examples showing simply drawn flowers," said John Krill, senior paper conservator at Winterthur and curator of the exhibition.
		"Museum scientists have studied and identified the colors on fraktur using state-of-the-art equipment in the Winterthur science laboratories, among the best museum research facilities in the United States." Fraktur were first analyzed in the late 1970s using x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) to identify the chemical elements present in the colors.
	antiquesandthearts.com /TT-2005-08-30-11-03-45p1.htm (451 words)

	Download Fette Fraktur Regular - Linotype.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Fette Fraktur is used to invoke a nostalgic or rustic feeling and found often on restaurants with 'hearty homemade food' or breweries who use the 'good old recipes' of the founder.
		One could say Fette Fraktur font is a true mix of styles, not unusual for typefaces created at the turn of the 19th century.
		The Fette Fraktur Regular typeface belongs to the Fette Fraktur Font Family which is part of the Linotype Originals.
	www.linotype.com /12851/fettefrakturregular-font.html (404 words)

	Printing With Zentenar Fraktur and Writing With Kurrent Kupferstich Script
		Keep in mind that Zentenar Fraktur is only one of several type faces is use at the time.
		The study and understanding of older German printing types and hand writing forms are important to many genealogists, historians, and any other researchers with a need to understand the old German printing and writing which is not in general use anymore.
		Fraktur was used to print or write thousands of the older German documents, letters, books and manuals, and the information they hold is important to researchers.
	www.germanways.com /frakturscripting.htm (607 words)

	Logo Design by VivaLogo / Logo Library / Typeface
		A flletter typeface was thus also carved by Johannes Gutenberg when he printed his 42-line Bible, including a large number of ligatures and common abbreviations.
		In English typefaces, one passage commonly used since the 16th century is lorem ipsum which originated as a Latin passage from Cicero.
		In the United States, typeface designs are not copyrightable, although unusually novel designs may be patentable.
	www.vivalogo.com /logo-library-design/typeface.htm (1364 words)

	ABBYY FineReader XIX Gothic Fraktur
		The Fraktur typeface, dominant in Germany, was created on behalf of the German Emporer Maximilian and soon became popular in many parts of Europe.
		The solution for Fraktur text recognition was achieved through the development of OCR dictionaries specifically for this time period.
		Using the sample text, the recognition engine was "fine-tuned" to work with the subtle features of the Fraktur alphabet (such as the ligatures, or connected letters).
	www.frakturschrift.com (899 words)

	Fraktur - IBWiki
		It is still used by Lutherans in Germany, Scandinavia, the Baltic, and elsewhere, and is also the preferred Western typeface in most of India.
		It is use by Lutherans as part of a biscriptal system where Fraktur is reserved for native and non-Romance words, while Antiqua is reserved for Romance loans.
		Fraktur has a cursive handwritten form called Spitzschrift.
	ib.frath.net /w/Fraktur (112 words)

	Typeface Classification
		These typefaces, rather round in opposition to the Gothics of the Middle Ages, are characterized by short and thick serifs, and a weak contrast between full and untied.
		These typefaces, dating from the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, recognizable thanks to their great contrast, the verticality of the characters and their horizontal and fine footings.
		There is a historic timeline, a list of famous type designers, a list of famous typefaces, a timeline of the great typefaces, anatomy of a letter (glossary), lecture notes, and font downloads of fonts that were developed in the courses of K.F. Oetzbach.
	cg.scs.carleton.ca /~luc/classify.html (2302 words)

	Materials of the Pennsylvania German fraktur artist Magazine Antiques - Find Articles
		The art of making fraktur was practiced by Pennsylvania German schoolmasters in the late eighteenth and first half of the nineteenth centuries, although not all fraktur artists were schoolmasters and not all schoolmasters were fraktur artists.
		He also appears to be the first scholar to approach these works as material culture, recognizing the historical and artistic value of their texts and images and seeking to identify the materials and methods used to prepare them.
		This room was in du Pont's words a "background" for his fraktur and something that he had been "dreaming about for years." (12) There are currently eight rooms at Winterthur dedicated to the arts of the Pennsylvania Germans, all containing fraktur.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1026/is_3_168/ai_n15675379 (775 words)

	Black letters : Fraktur, Schwabacher und Gotik (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In contrast to the Suetterlin script, fl letter is a typeface that was used in several variations from the 16th century until about 1940.
		The terms "Gotik" and "Fraktur" include a wide variety of fonts that are quite similar to each other.
		First came the gothic typeface, which became increasingly narrower and steeper in the 13th century.
	www.suetterlinschrift.de /Englisch/Fraktur1.htm (209 words)

	Forum - Abstract Fonts - your type - 10 000 Free Fonts
		Fraktur font, but the capital letters are completely different, and the lowercase have small differences.
		The 2 different images are obviously different variations, so I am hoping to find both, or something close.
		It is a lot like the Fette Fraktur font but has obviously been altered.
	www.abstractfonts.com /forum/?q=fraktur (397 words)

	German Fraktur Blackletter Fonts at the Walden Font Co. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		German Fraktur Blackletter Fonts at the Walden Font Co.
		Walden Font is proud to present a collection of 18 classic Fraktur and German Script fonts.
		Fraktur is being rediscovered by sophisticated book designers, calligraphers and typographers.
	www.waldenfont.com /product.asp?productid=2 (150 words)

	Personal Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Already in the late 15th century, however, these typefaces were replaced by the so-called Antiqua, the Schwabacher and the bastard typefaces (the latter were variants hovering between two standard typefaces).
		The Fraktur competed with the Antiqua, and became the dominant typeface of Europe.
		In the 18th century, difference in thickness became a crucial part of the letter, and several new typefaces were developed: the Baskerville, the Didot or the Bodoni (all named, by the way, after their inventors).
	homepage.hispeed.ch /retus/01a0803.htm (318 words)

	Richmond Fraktur LT font. Fonts for Windows and Mac
		The Linotype Richmond Fraktur family has three font styles available for purchase: Linotype Richmond Fraktur Regular is a standard typeface that may be used for any application.
		Linotype Richmond Fraktur DFR contains many alternates, such as the long s, which are necessary to properly set historical documents according to their original standards.
		Richmond Fraktur LT is a Trademark of Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG, which may be registered in certain jurisdictions, exclusively licensed through Linotype Library GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG.
	www.fonts.ru /fstore/fonts/Richmond-Fraktur-LT.htm (332 words)

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