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Topic: Frame Check Sequence

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	Bus interface unit - Patent 4827477
		A frame check sequence generator of essentially the same configuration as the tester provides a word based on the content of the data which is altered if the parity is incorrect.
		Frame check sequence generator tester 44 provides, with a degree of certainty dependent on the selected polynomial, a logic output indicating whether the data received from generator 42 is correct or contains an error.
		To produce an incorrect frame check sequence in the transmitter in response to a parity error, as determined by parity tester 64, line 157 to the D input of flip-flop 158 is broken at point "X" and an EXCLUSIVE OR gate 183 associated with parity tester 64 (FIG.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4827477.html (9119 words)

	[No title]
		Frame Check Sequence (FCS) — An error detecting code inserted as a field in a block data to be transmitted.
		Cycle Redundancy Check (CRC) — An error detecting code in which the code is the remainder resulting from dividing the bits to be checked by a predetermined binary number.
		Frame — is a predefined structure that provides a specific location for various kinds of control information & for user data.
	www.csupomona.edu /~dlbell/267telecom/ChapterCheatSheets&Links/Ch9.doc (1102 words)

	frame - a Whatis.com definition
		A frame is usually transmitted serial bit by bit and contains a header field and a trailer field that "frame" the data.
		The frame check sequence and second flag fields constitute the trailer.
		The information or data in the frame may contain another encapsulated frame that is used in a higher-level or different protocol.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,289893,sid9_gci212152,00.html (340 words)

	Method and apparatus for graceful preemption on a digital communications link - Patent 4542380
		In accordance with the well-known error checking method of the present example, the 16-bit sequence inserted in the FCS field is the ones complement of the sum (modulo 2) of: (a) the remainder of x.sup.k (x.sup.15 +x.sup.14 +x.sup.13 +.
		After the closing flag of the preempting frame has been transmitted, the saved values of the first set of status variables are used to return link controller 1000 to its status at the point the preempted frame was interrupted and the balance of the preempted frame from user device 10 is then transmitted.
		The frame check sequence of the present embodiment is such that after the FCS field of a given frame is shifted into FCS shift register 2408, the generated FCS field should be a predetermined constant field is no errors were received.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4542380.html (12301 words)

	RFC 1662 (rfc1662) - PPP in HDLC-like Framing
		Flag Sequence The Flag Sequence indicates the beginning or end of a frame, and is used for frame synchronization.
		Invalid Frames Frames which are too short (less than 4 octets when using the 16-bit FCS), or which end with a sequence of more than six "1" bits, are silently discarded, and not counted as a FCS error.
		The following octet sequences all begin valid PPP LCP frames: 7e ff 03 c0 21 7e ff 7d 23 c0 21 7e 7d df 7d 23 c0 21 Note that the first two forms are not a valid username for Unix.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc1662.html (4338 words)

	Frame Formats
		Frame type bit—Used to indicate whether this is a MAC or LLC frame.
		The Explorer field indicates whether the encapsulated frame is a data frame or and explorer (ARE or STE) frame.
		This field is use to account for the case where a frame crosses a router and is padded to 64 bytes (minimum Ethernet frame).
	www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/product/lan/trsrb/frames.htm (4101 words)

	Facts about topic: (Frame Check Sequence) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The sending host computes a checksum on the entire frame and sends this along.The receiving host computes the checksum on the frame using the same algorithm, and compares it to the received FCS.
		It may then discard the data, and request retransmission of the faulty frame.
		A cyclic redundancy check (An error correction code that is recorded in each sector of a magnetic disk and used to catch errors in the data) is often used to compute the FCS.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fr/frame_check_sequence.htm (93 words)

	RFC 1549 (rfc1549) - PPP in HDLC Framing
		Two consecutive Flag Sequences constitute an empty frame, which is ignored, and not counted as a FCS error.
		Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Field The Frame Check Sequence field is normally 16 bits (two octets).
		Each Flag Sequence, Control Escape octet, and octet with value less than hexadecimal 0x20 which is flagged in the sending Async-Control-Character-Map, is replaced by a two octet sequence consisting of the Control Escape octet and the original octet with bit 6 complemented (exclusive- or'd with hexadecimal 0x20).
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc1549.html (3912 words)

	Glossary of Networking Terms
		A frame has an alignment error if the number of bits received is not a multiple of eight; since there are eight bits in one byte, frames must be received on byte boundaries.
		The Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is a an error-checking algorithm used to check for the validity of a frame.
		Frame Too Long errors are input errors where the frame has a valid Start Frame Delimiter (SFD) and Frame Check Sequence (FCS), but it is longer than the maximum allowable size of an Ethernet frame.
	www-commeng.cso.uiuc.edu /uiucnet/reports/glossary.html (2870 words)

	Detecting Frame Errors with Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
		All frames on a network are susceptible to errors, these can be caused by crosstalk between the wires in a cable or by external interference such as Radio Frequency and Electromagnetic Interference.
		Frames have a FCS field which is used to store a value which is calculated for each frame.
		If the FCS number included in the frame doesn’t match the recalculated number then an error has occurred during transmission, the frame is discarded, and the destination host requests it to be resent.
	www.internetworktraining.com /kbase/layer_2_switching/fcs.html (302 words)

	Encyclopedia: HDLC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The frame begins and ends with the bit pattern 01111110 or hex 7E, called the frame delimiter (or flag).
		Then a frame check sequence (FCS) is added, followed by a frame delimiter.
		The frame delimiter continues to be sent until another frame is sent.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/HDLC (909 words)

	Svrops.com - Ethernet Technologies
		If the 802.3 frame does not have a minimum of 64 bytes, padded bytes are added to make 64.
		Frame Sequence Check (FCS) — CRC value is used to check for damaged frames.
		If the value is different from what is transmitted, the receiving network adapter assumes that an error has occurred during transmission and discards the frame.
	www.svrops.com /svrops/documents/ethernet.htm (357 words)

	[No title]
		Frame Check The frame check sequence is used to verify the integrity of the transmitted frame and is required for both the primary and alternate frame formats.
		Frame Check Sequence for Primary Frame Format THIS FIELD MAY BE REMOVED OR ALTERED AT A LATER DATE This is a required field when using the alternate Data Link Layer frame format.
		Frame Check Sequence for Alternate Frame Format THIS FIELD MAY BE REMOVED OR ALTERED AT A LATER DATE This is a required field when using the alternate Data Link Layer frame format.
	www.ornl.gov /sci/p1451/p1451.3/Proposals/P00-001.doc (674 words)

	34. Basic Frame Structure (cont'd) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		As each packet is sent, the Source calculates a check number from the data using a predetermined algorithm (formula).
		The result of this calculation is appended to the packet in the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field.
		The End Frame Delimiter is a series of octets that have a specific bit pattern that identifies the end of the packet to the Destination.
	www.techbooksforfree.com /intro_to_data_com/page113.html (381 words)

	Frame relay
		The Frame Relay network provides a number of virtual circuits that form the basis for connections between stations attached to the same Frame Relay network.
		The resulting set of interconnected devices forms a private Frame Relay group which may be either fully interconnected with a complete "mesh" of virtual circuits, or only partially interconnected.
		This field is used to align the Data of the frame to a 16 bit boundary.
	www.networksorcery.com /enp/protocol/framerelay.htm (324 words)

	RFC 1549 (rfc1549)
		The Data Link Layer PPP uses the principles, terminology, and frame structure of the International Organization For Standardization's (ISO) 3309-1979 Simpson [Page 4] RFC 1549 HDLC Framing Decvember 1993 High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) frame structure [2], as modified by "Addendum 1: Start/stop transmission" [3], which specifies modifications to allow HDLC use in asynchronous environments.
		Simpson [Page 5] RFC 1549 HDLC Framing Decvember 1993 Flag Sequence The Flag Sequence indicates the beginning or end of a frame, and always consists of the binary sequence 01111110 (hexadecimal 0x7e).
		Simpson [Page 10] RFC 1549 HDLC Framing Decvember 1993 Aborting a Transmission A sequence of more than six "1" bits indicates an invalid frame, which is ignored, and not counted as a FCS error.
	www.cse.ohio-state.edu /cgi-bin/rfc/rfc1549.html (3985 words)

	RFC 1662 (rfc1662)
		Simpson [Page 5] RFC 1662 HDLC-like Framing July 1994 Control Field The Control field is a single octet, which contains the binary sequence 00000011 (hexadecimal 0x03), the Unnumbered Information (UI) command with the Poll/Final (P/F) bit set to zero.
		Escaped data is transmitted on the link as follows: Simpson [Page 8] RFC 1662 HDLC-like Framing July 1994 0x7e is encoded as 0x7d, 0x5e.
		Simpson [Page 9] RFC 1662 HDLC-like Framing July 1994 Robust transmitters should avoid using this trick over-zealously, since the price for decreased delay is decreased reliability.
	www.cse.ohio-state.edu /cgi-bin/rfc/rfc1662.html (4458 words)

	Telecommunications Information Gateway - CCNA Review Quizzes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Sending a single frame to all routers to simultaneously update their routing tables.
		Sending a single frame to all hubs and bridges at the same time.
		A frame has sections called fields and each field is composed of bytes.
	www.celticrover.com /tig/ccna/ccna_chp6_review4.asp (195 words)

	FCS - Fiber Channel Standard, First Customer Ship, Frame Check Sequence
		Frame Check Sequence: Any mathematical formula which derives a numeric value based on the bit pattern of a transmitted block of information and uses that value at the receiving end to determine the existence of any transmission errors.
		Value calculated from the bits in the frame (often, a CRC) and inserted into the FCS field of the packet by the sender.
		The FCS detects bit errors occurring in the bits of the frame between the opening flag and the FCS, and is only effective in detecting errors in frames no larger than 4096 octets.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/FCS.asp (423 words)

	Ethernet Frame Types (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Bytes 13 and 14 of an Ethernet frame contain the length of the data in the frame, not including the preamble, 32 bit CRC, DLC addresses, or the Length field itself.
		If the calculated checksum does not match the checksum on the frame, the frame is discarded and never reaches the memory buffers in the station.
		The Ethertype is analogous to the SAPs in the 802.3 frame in that it specifies the memory buffer in which to place this frame.
	ct.wacc.cc /cisco/AddCCNALinks/ethernet_frame_types.htm (2158 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Frame Check Sequence register calculates a two byte value used for error checking.
		Each data bit is passed to the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) which controls FCS calculations and sending of the FCS bytes to the Bytestuffer for processing.
		The FCS detects errors in the received frame, with a high level of confidence.
	www.ece.uvic.ca /499/2001a/group04/fcs.html (173 words)

	esp@cenet document view
		A message for transmission may be provided and a message frame-check sequence may be computed based on the message.
		Rather than constructing a packet that includes both the selected information block and the message, however, the information block frame-check sequence that is associated with the selected information block is added to the message frame-check sequence to compute a transmit frame-check sequence.
		If the remainder does correspond to one of the information block frame-check sequences, then the information block associated with the information block frame-check sequence that corresponds to the remainder may be processed as received information.
	v3.espacenet.com /textdoc?IDX=EP1316155 (294 words)

	Ethernet Frame Types (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		There are a variety of Ethernet Frame Types that may be observed in a Novell LAN environment.
		The frame is similar to that described in 802.3 except that it does not contain the Logical Link Control (LLC) information in the packet.
		Otherwise, it is interpreted as a 802.2 frame.
	telecom.tbi.net /frmlan.html (574 words)

	Windows modem error: PPP Frame check error (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		To check if there are any errors when a PPP packet is sent, a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) is performed.
		This is calculated by the sender by adding together the binary values of all the bytes in the packet and is sent as part of the packet.
		PPP frame check errors generally occur when transferring a large amount of data over your PPP connection.
	www.westol.com /techsupport/modems/framchk.htm (92 words)

	ipedia.com: HDLC Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The format of the frame is that it begins and ends with the bit pattern 01111110 or hex 7E called the frame delimiter.
		Then a frame sequence check (FSC) is added and then the frame delimiter is added to the end.
		An important point is that the frame delimiter continues to be sent until another frame is sent.
	www.ipedia.com /hdlc.html (262 words)

	Basic Frame Structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		At the beginning of each frame (packet), there will be a sequence of octets (8 bit words) called the Preamble.
		The End Frame Delimiter is a series of octets that have a specific bit pattern.
		Not all protocols have End Frame Delimiter fields: protocols with fixed packet size may not need the End Frame Delimiter field because the Destination may simply count the number of octets that it has received.
	www.thelinuxreview.com /howto/intro_to_networking/c4544.htm (654 words)

	Understanding the Ethernet frame format (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		While tracing LAN communications, you may need to look at the transmitted frames.
		To understand the information that is contained in the frame, you must know how the information is formatted.
		The information below shows the frame format of two Ethernet standards: IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet version 2.
	www.redbooks.ibm.com /pubs/html/as400/v4r5/ic2924/info/RZAJYETHERNETFRAMEFORMAT.HTM (103 words)

	IEEE 802.4 Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The MAC header contains 1 octet of frame control, 6 (2) octets of source address, and 6 (2) octets of destination address.
		The MAC trailer contains 4 octets of Frame Check Sequence (FCS), for a total of 17 (9) octets.
		IEEE 802.4 networks have a maximum packet size of 8191 octets including all octets between the frame control and the FCS inclusive.
	www.freesoft.org /CIE/RFC/1042/9.htm (91 words)

	Help on error - Disconnect MD110 PABX incoming calls. - ISDN
		Frame 6: GSM GW sends a SETUP using layer2 snd seq nr 1.
		Frame 7: The PBX responds with CALL PROC, followed later on by
		The layer2 is also reset with a SABME / UA cycle (frames 15 and 16).
	www.dcomtalk.com /post-518.html (1347 words)

	[No title]
		An implementation which does not include this option MUST be prepared to interoperate with another implementation which does include the option.
		The Control Escape octet is defined as binary 01111101 (hexadecimal 0x7d) where the bit positions are numbered 87654321 (not 76543210, BEWARE).
		Octet-synchronous HDLC This section summarizes the use of HDLC with octet-synchronous links, such as SONET and optionally ISDN B or H channels.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc1549.txt (3985 words)

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