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Topic: Semantic frames

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	Representations of Knowledge in a Program for Solving Physics Problems
		Procedures associated with each type of semantic frame allow inferences to be made to fill "slots" in the semantic frame whose values are unspecified; for example, the phrase "at one end" implicitly references an unspecified physical object, whose identity must be inferred to complete the meaning of the semantic frame.
		At the time when the semantic routine for a verb is executed, the case arguments of the verb will typically be represented as semantic frames (as opposed to syntactic phrases); this representation greatly simplifies the processing of verbs.
		The canonical object frame to be used for an object depends on the object's context; thus, a person might be modeled as a pivot when carrying a plank, or as a point mass when sitting on a plank.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/novak/ijcai77.html (3967 words)

	Frame - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A frame or framework is a structural skeleton, which supports the other components of the object.
		in spinning, a frame is a mechanical device with many spindles for spinning multiple threads simultaneously, as in spinning frame, dressing frame, or water frame
		in mathematics, a frame is an abstract concept on a manifold, generalising frame of reference to a basis for the tangent bundle varying from point to point.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frame (327 words)

	Frames \| TutorGig.co.uk Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Frames Per Stop is a term used in the Bowling Industry industry by technicians, manufacturers, and others involved in this recreation industry.
		The theory of Special Relativity states that there are no privileged frames of reference, or in other words, there is no place to stand still and observe the rest of the universe.
		In vehicle frames, more commonly of a bicycle or motorcycle, the outer tube within which the steer tube pivots.
	www.tutorgig.co.uk /encyclopedia/sencyclo.jsp?keywords=Frames (466 words)

	[No title]
		Semantic fields as a domain of inquiry lie at the crossroads of disciplines and ideas: They link the philosophical notion of conceptual analysis to the psychological notion of the 'cognitive-conceptual web', and associate both to the linguistic study of meaning relations and the study of semantic frames, and to issues in artificial intelligence.
		The combination of diachronic research with the analysis of semantic fields of abstract notions contributes both to semantic theory and to the methodology of semantic research.
		Through a diachronic study of semantic fields and by studying the semantic function of the Hebrew root as a junction of meaning relations, I have argued that the notion of 'Frame contacts' should be added to Fillmore's Frame semantics.
	www.tau.ac.il /~sovran/docs/sci_work.doc (1786 words)

	SPEECH, ACTION AND GESTURES AS
		Hand gestures co-occur with their semantically parallel linguistic units, although in cases of hesitations, pauses or syntactically complex speech, it is the gesture which appears first (McNeill, 1992).
		Semantics is the study of, or a theory of how the meanings of words are related to one another, and to our thinking processes, and how particular words are chosen.
		These four gesture types enable the constuction of a sensorimotor schema for adults: a semantic frame or schema that encompasses the knowledge types that allow the listener to understand the talk about home repair, and will allow the listener to caulk her own house later on.
	www.media.mit.edu /gnl/publications/gesture_workshop/gesture.wkshop.html (8540 words)

	PAPER: SPEECH/PEN INPUT IN MULTIMODAL INTERFACES
		The interpretation engine based on semantic frame merging correctly interprets 80% of a multimodal data set assuming perfect speech and gesture/handwriting recognition; in the presence of recognition errors the interpretation performance is in the range of 35-62%.
		A semantic frame merging scheme was found to work much better on the larger and more complex action space, although we had to sacrifice the incremental learning capability.
		Semantic frames extracted from recognizer outputs are merged by the multimodal interpreter to arrive at a unified interpretation as described in Section 3.
	www-2.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/tue/www/papers/icassp96/paper.html (3171 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| PASBio: predicate-argument structures for event extraction in molecular biology
		Although PAS frames seem to be expensive to construct by hand in terms of time and effort, particularly where this requires insights from domain specialists, we believe that this is justified as they provide a systematic reference guide for improving performance compared to ad-hoc pattern-building approaches.
		PAS frames for express and transform are presented in Figures 9, 10, respectively to illustrate predicate-argument structures for this group.
		While this work appears to be at an early stage it again shows the importance of the definition of predicate-argument frames and the semantics of their arguments as a key knowledge for IE in the molecular biology domain.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2105/5/155 (9291 words)

	Untitled Document
		The fine-grained semantic classification and syntagmatic information of the sort to be provided by Hebrew FrameNet will make the HFN database an invaluable resource for lexicographers and advanced language teachers/learners, as well as researchers in linguistics and natural language processing (NLP).
		Such Frame Semantic analyses are useful for research in crosslinguistic lexicology (Subirats and Petruck 2003) and in the advanced foreign language classroom (Sato 2004).
		Like a thesaurus, words are linked to the semantic frames in which they participate, and frames are linked to other collections of words as well as to related frames.
	www.kdictionaries.com /kdn/kdn1304.html (1186 words)

	LINGUIST List 12.2911: Allan, Natural Language Semantics (2nd rev)
		Semantic fields refer to certain listemes and are defined by the conceptual field in which the denotatum of the specific listeme occurs.
		Semantic (lexical) categories are constructed in terms of "vantages", windows of perception we select to pay attention to and in which similarity and difference are being balanced or measured against a steady factor (a fixed point of reference).
		Allan's persistence with the notion of semantic decomposition is indicative of the importance he allocates to metalanguage and the epistemology of semantic representation via formal, formalistic and natural language methods.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/12/12-2911.html (4748 words)

	A Similarity Measure for Retrieving Software Artifacts - section 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The semantic formalism is based on some semantic relationships between noun phrases and the verb in a sentence.
		The Knowledge base is a base of frames where each software component has a set of associated frames containing the internal representation of its description along with other information associated to the component (source code, executable examples, reuse attributes, etc).
		Closeness measures are derived from the semantic formalism and from a conceptual distance measure between the terms in compared frames.
	vlib.org /cuisung/ROSA/papers/SEKE94/sect2 (459 words)

	Project AI: Brain & Computer--Knowledge Representation
		Even if semantic networks prove to be a key ingredient to create artificial intelligence, it is yet to be determined that the human brain organizes knowledge in such a way.
		Information in frames are not limited to general concepts that are isolated from one another.
		Frames can be linked together like semantic networks in any sort of organization to form a complex knowledge base that allows the information in frames for one instance be inherited by another frame.
	library.thinkquest.org /19314/know_rep.htm (1191 words)

	A Classification Scheme for Software Artifacts (Position Paper)
		The semantic formalism is based on semantic relationships between noun phrases and the verb in a sentence.
		Semantic cases show how noun phrases are semantically related to the verb in a sentence.
		These semantic cases describe basically the functionality of the component (the action, the target of the action, the medium or location, the mode by which the action is performed, etc.).
	vlib.org /cuisung/ROSA/papers/ASIS94/paper (1345 words)

	Verb Semantic Classes
		The main practical aim of verb semantic classifications is to contribute to structure the lexicon and to allow for a better organized, more homogeneous,description, of their semantics.
		Depending on the construction and on the verb, the verb may either play an important part in the elaboration of the semantics of the proposition or may simply express the means, the manner, the circumstances or the result of the action, while the construction describes the `central' meaning.
		To assemble and compare the case frames of a language is to evolve a semantic typology or classification of its verbs...
	www.ilc.cnr.it /EAGLES96/rep2/node10.html (6406 words)

	Conceptual blending and nominal compounds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The component nouns in a noun-noun compound, and indeed the abstract frame for the noun-noun construction, serve as prompts for speakers to construct a composite structure.
		Frames associated with each of the component nouns are evoked in the input spaces of the network.
		Similarly, frames for tennis enable us to understand ``tennis injury'' as an injury to a tennis player caused by playing tennis, (rather than, for example, an injury caused by the abstract existence of tennis), because playing tennis is a salient aspect of the tennis frame.
	hci.ucsd.edu /coulson/LOT/chap5/node3.html (1584 words)

	SIMPLE: Harmonised Semantic Lexicons for the European languages
		This project represents the first attempt to develop wide-coverage semantic lexicons for a large number of languages (12), with a harmonised common model that encodes structured "semantic types" and semantic (subcategorisation) frames.
		The multilingual aspect translates into the need to identify elements of the semantic vocabulary for structuring word meanings which are both language independent but able to capture linguistically useful generalisations for different NLP tasks.
		The semantic types in SIMPLE form a general Ontology (see a sample), which is structured in such a way to take into accounts the principles of orthogonal organization of types, as formalized in the Generative Lexicon.
	www.ub.es /gilcub/SIMPLE/reports/simple/Site_simple.htm (1194 words)

	Cogilex R&D - Natural Language Processing Tools
		Frame Slots: Frame slots contain 3 pieces of information: the Slot Name, the word as it appeared in the original sentence and the word number.
		Semantic Frames: Cogilex Entity Attribute Extractor uses semantic frames in order to decide attachments.
		Those frames are basically a set of rules expressing how information about any specific entity is expected to be found.
	www.cogilex.com /technology.htm (491 words)

	FRAMES
		The matching process which decides whether a proposed frame is suitable is controlled partly by one's current goals and partly by information attached to the frame; the frames carry terminal markers and other constraints, while the goals are used to decide which of these constraints are currently relevant.
		Consider the analogy between a frame for a room in a visual scene and a frame for a noun-phrase in a discourse.
		Developmentally, one would assume, the earliest frames would tend to become the capitols of their later relatives, unless this is firmly prevented by experience, because each time the use of one stereotype is reasonably successful, its centrality is reinforced by another pointer from somewhere else.
	web.media.mit.edu /~minsky/papers/Frames/frames.html (20874 words)

	Frame (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A frame or framework is a structural skeleton,which supports the other components of the object.
		It is used in this basic sense in art (picture frame), construction (building frame), and mechanical engineering (bicycle frame or motorcycle frame, forinstance).
		In mathematics, a frame is an abstract concept on a manifold,generalising frame of reference to a basis for the tangent bundle varying from point to point.
	www.therfcc.org /frame-19871.html (219 words)

	[No title]
		Note: The GALAXY hub-server communications protocol is text-based: semantic frames are converted to an ASCII format.
		The caller is responsible for freeing the predicate frame object.
		Frame Utilities frame to string conversion These functions are for converting frames and objects to strings for printing and for hub-server communications.
	www.caip.rutgers.edu /~fflippo/galaxy/libGalaxy.doc (2144 words)

	FrameNet: Building a Semantic Lexicon
		These descriptions will match lexemes with semantic frames, indicate which elements of a given frame are involved in each lexical meaning, and specify how these elements are realized syntactically in sentences containing the lexical units.
		The work is described as "frame-based" since the semantic underpinnings make use of Frame Semantic formalisms, and "corpus-based", since the evidence will be drawn from a large corpus of English text.
		The "armchair" phase, in which the lexicographer-semanticist tries to figure out how a particular frame is structured, names the frame elements, and chooses a list of words whose meanings are based on the frame.
	cslu.cse.ogi.edu /nsf/isgw97/reports/fillmore.html (1213 words)

	Infolab: TREVI
		Verb frames are structures that indicate how verbs may be used in sentences.
		In the TREVI lexicon, we have manually determined a large set of both semantic and syntactic frames for the basic concepts and terms (in the BLO).
		Semantic frames can be used to determine what kind of concepts can be used in combination with a concept like e.g.
	www.uvt.nl /infolab/prj/trevi (779 words)

	psycholinguistics-glossary
		Frame: "A term used in some models of grammatical description to refer to the structural context within which a class of items can be used.
		Frame Analysis: Erving Goffman's (1974) method of discourse analysis (from the book of the same name), in which the term frame is used in the sense of a memory schema, that is to say, as a unit of supranodal conceptual order.
		Frame Semantics: A variation on semantic network theory devised by Fillmore (1976, et seq.), in which conceptual structures known as "semantic frames" are created alongside the individual nodes of the network, and act to impose a superordinate order upon them.
	www.smithsrisca.demon.co.uk /psycholinguistics-glossary.html (9135 words)

	The speakernet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A semantic frame is a command-like structure containing a clause, topic and predicate.
		This is the processing of semantic frames for inclusion in natural language responses or for translation into SQL or other computer languages in order to retrieve the information necessary for a response.
		Retrieved information is placed into further semantic frames which are assembled to build a response.
	www.computerweekly.co.uk /Article24274.htm (1935 words)

	Algebra of timed frames (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Timed frames are introduced as objects that can form a basis of a model theory for discrete time process algebra.
		An algebraic setting for timed frames is proposed and results concerning its connection with discrete time process algebra are given.
		Further structure on timed frames is provided by adding signal inserted states and conditional transitions, thus giving a semantic basis for discrete time process algebra with propositional signals.
	www.win.tue.nl /~keesm/FA.html (98 words)

	Verbs in GermaNet
		The frames used in GermaNet are based on the Complementation Codes provided with the German Version 2.5 of Release 2 of the CELEX Lexical database (1995).
		We hope to supply semantic information which, together with the frames and semantic classes, may help to clarify phenomena currently discussed with respect to the syntactic-semantic interface.
		In order to additionally allow for lexicalizations the semantics of which cannot be compositionally derived, the compositional rules are only defaults which can be overwritten in cases in which lexemes are explicitly encoded in the net.
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /lsd/Verbs.html (1299 words)

	FrameNet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The aim is to document the range of semantic and syntactic combinatory possibilities (valences) of each word in each of its senses, through computer-assisted annotation of example sentences and automatic tabulation and display of the annotation results.
		As before, it gives a basic introduction to frame semantics and offers guidelines for frame sematic annotation, discussing in detail the inventories of grammatical functions and phrase types that we use, which have changed slightly.
		This tool allows the user to select a starting frame and explore the connections between frames and their frame elements.
	framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu /index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1 (386 words)

	The Phoenix User Manual
		They are used to put a semantic token into canonical form, for example dates, times and numbers.
		This file specifies the frames to be used by the parser.
		A sequence of edges with the same frame id are all in the same frame.
	cslr.colorado.edu /~whw/phoenix/phoenix_manual.htm (2832 words)

	LREC 2000 - Abstracts
		At first, a frame of the incoming signal is fed to a low pass filter, thus yielding the low frequency (LF) part.
		Frame semantics is a linguistic theory which is currently gaining ground.
		Semantic classification of words is a highly context sensitive and somewhat moving target, hard to deal with and even harder to evaluate on an objective basis.
	www.lrec-conf.org /lrec2000/www.xanthi.ilsp.gr/lrec/conference/abs-36.htm (13643 words)

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