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Topic: Framework Convention on Climate Change

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	United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC) is an international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.
		The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was opened for signature at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) conference in Rio de Janeiro (known by its popular title, the Earth Summit).
		The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was adopted by COP-3, in December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan, after intensive and tense negotiations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change (2028 words)

	[No title]
		Climate change is the variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period, typically decades or longer.
		Although past changes in the global climate resulted in major shifts in species ranges and marked reorganization of biological communities, landscapes, and biomes during the last 1.8 million years, these changes occurred in a landscape that was not as fragmented as it is today, and with little or no pressures from human activities.
		On the one hand, current climate change coupled with other human pressures is stressing biodiversity far beyond the levels imposed by the global climatic change that occurred in the recent evolutionary past.
	www.biodiv.org /programmes/cross-cutting/climate (469 words)

	United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
		"Climate change" means a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
		The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
		The Parties shall, in accordance with Article 10 take into consideration in the implementation of the commitments of the Convention the situation of Parties, particularly developing country Parties, with economies that are vulnerable to the adverse effects of the implementation of measures to respond to climate change.
	www.globelaw.com /Climate/fcc.htm (6407 words)

	The Climate Change Convention
		Climate zones (and thus ecosystems and agricultural zones) could shift towards the poles by 150-550 km in the mid-latitude regions.
		Although not directly attributable to climate change, a series of heat waves and unusually destructive storms in the United States and elsewhere led to a series of press reports about climate change and its expected impacts.
		After the Convention was adopted in Rio, the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) that drafted it continued its preparatory work, meeting for another six sessions to discuss matters relating to commitments, arrangements for the financial mechanism, technical and financial support to developing countries, and procedural and institutional matters.
	www.un.org /ecosocdev/geninfo/sustdev/climate.htm (3059 words)

	United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change 1992
		Acknowledging that the global nature of climate change calls for the widest possible co-operation by all countries and their participation in an effective and appropriate international response, in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities and their social and economic conditions,
		Recalling further the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, 1985, and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, 1987, as adjusted and amended on 29 June 1990,
		Affirming that responses to climate change should be coordinated with social and economic development in an integrated manner with a view to avoiding adverse impacts on the latter, taking into full account the legitimate priority needs of developing countries for the achievement of sustained economic growth and the eradication of poverty,
	www.jus.uio.no /lm/un.climate.change.framework.1992/doc.html (6476 words)

	CRS Report: IB89005 - Global Climate Change - NLE
		Many proponents for early actions to address potential climate change have suggested adopting a "precautionary principle" comprised of a number of anticipatory, yet flexible policy responses that might be likened to the purchase of an insurance policy to hedge against some risks of potential climate change in the future.
		The U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) was opened for signature at the 1992 UNCED conference in Rio de Janeiro ("The Earth Summit").
		New scientific findings concerning the human contribution to climate change emerged during expert review of the third IPCC assessment on climate change; recently the overall projections of temperature and sea-level rise made in the 1995 IPCC Assessment were estimated to be higher than previously reported, and mostly on the high end of predictions.
	www.ncseonline.org /NLE/CRSreports/Climate/clim-2.cfm?&CFID=58170&CFTOKEN=36623590 (6610 words)

	Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
		Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as observers in the proceedings of any session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.
		The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties and financial procedures of the Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Protocol, except as may be otherwise decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.
		Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as observers in the proceedings of any session of the subsidiary bodies.
	www.bigeye.com /kyoto.htm (5246 words)

	Federal Register Notice: Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Although there are uncertainties regarding the magnitude, timing and regional patterns of global climate change, any human-induced change that does occur is not likely to be reversed for decades -- or even centuries -- because of the long lifetimes of the greenhouse gases and the inertia of the climatic system.
		Both adverse and beneficial consequences of climate change are plausible, with the overall effect depending on the rate and magnitude of change and the vulnerability or sensitivity of human and natural systems to such changes.
		To ensure that the public has a solid understanding of the science of climate change and the consequences of policy options, the U.S. is also continuing to develop its efforts to coordinate general education, communication, and information programs for the public.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/environment/climate_action_reports/1994USCAR.html (1530 words)

	International activities - The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
		The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (http://www.unfccc.int) provides the basis for global action "to protect the climate system for present and future generations".
		Parties to the Convention have agreed to work towards achieving the Convention's ultimate aim of stabilising "greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system".
		Australia submitted its Third National Communication on Climate Change on 15 August 2002, and its fourth national communication is due to the UNFCCC by 1 January 2006.
	www.greenhouse.gov.au /international/unfccc.html (758 words)

	MCT - Convention on Climate Change - The United Nations Framework Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is one of a series of recent agreements through which countries around the world are banding together to face this challenge.
		The Climate Change Convention focuses on something particularly disturbing: we are changing the way energy from the sun interacts with and escapes from our planet's atmosphere.
		Among the expected consequences are an increase in the average temperature of the earth's surface and shifts in world-wide weather patterns.
	www.mct.gov.br /clima/ingles (201 words)

	treaty-climate convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Framework Convention on Climate Change was one of two binding treaties opened for signature at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992.
		On December 21, 1993, Portugal became the 50th state to ratify the Climate Convention, fulfilling the minimum requirement for the treaty to enter into force on March 21, 1994.
		Information on current activities related to the Climate Convention is provided in the Climate Change Bulletin published jointly by the treaty secretariat, the IPCC secretariat, and the U.N. Information Unit on Climate Change.
	www.ciesin.org /TG/PI/TREATY/framwork.html (359 words)

	The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
		Stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere: The ultimate objective of the Climate Change Convention is the "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic (man-made) interference with the climate system.
		Take into account relevant social, economic, and environmental policies: Additionally, the Parties will take climate change into account in their relevant social, economic and environmental policies; cooperate in scientific, technical and educational matters; and promote education, public awareness, and the exchange of information related to climate change.
		Although the targets average a 5% reduction from 1990 levels, the targets are set individually and range from a reduction in 8% for EU member countries to an increase in 10% for Iceland.
	www.unescap.org /drpad/vc/orientation/legal/3_climate.htm (526 words)

	SHR Document Database
		that responses to climate change should be coordinated with social and economic development in an integrated manner with a view to avoiding adverse impacts on the latter, taking into full account the legitimate priority needs of developing countries for the achievement of sustained economic growth and the eradication of poverty,
		"Adverse effects of climate change" means changes in the physical environment or biota resulting from climate change which have significant deleterious effects on the composition, resilience or productivity of natural and managed ecosystems or on the operation of socio-economic systems or on human health and welfare.
		The original of this Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary- General of the United Nations.
	shr.aaas.org /thesaurus/instrument.php?insid=134 (6463 words)

	Climate Change UN Convention on Climate Change and United Nations system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Climate Change, (COP), is the highest decision-making authority of the Convention on Climate Change [A/E/F/R/S],
		The financial mechanism for the Convention on Biological Diversity and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
		Climate Change- Focus on Climate Change / Freshwater / Regions
	www.un.org /issues/m-climat.asp (491 words)

	OECD Observer: Climate change: The challenge continues
		One thing has become very clear, namely that climate change touches upon virtually every sphere of life, and almost every human activity either contributes to climate change or is affected by its impacts.
		Certain impacts of climate change may already be observed, and much more is expected if the rise in greenhouse gas concentrations cannot be slowed down.
		Helping countries to adapt to climate change has become a key component of overall climate change policy, but much remains to be done to implement it, in such areas as infrastructure development and land management.
	www.oecdobserver.org /news/fullstory.php/aid/1226/Climate_change:_The_challenge_continues.html (1335 words)

	KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
		The global warming potentials used to calculate the carbon dioxide equivalence of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases listed in Annex A shall be those accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties at its third session.
		The guidance to the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention in relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, including those agreed before the adoption of this Protocol, shall apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions of this paragraph.
		The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties and financial procedures applied under the Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Protocol, except as may be otherwise decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.
	untreaty.un.org /English/notpubl/kyoto-en.htm (5328 words)

	Methods for Implementing the Framework Convention on Climate Change: Challenges to Technology: 26-27 July 1998, ...
		The second and third days were devoted to a discussion on the points of contention in the present negotiations of the Climate Convention and on issues that are not sufficiently or adequately dealt with at present in the international fora, in view of identifying a contribution that Pugwash, with its own special strengths, could make.
		In the North, the main preoccupation is with climate change and reduction of GHGs emissions: thus, maximization of energy efficiency and of renewable energy sources becomes the primary objective.
		A fundamental weakness of the climate change process is that it is an intergovernmental process and therefore constrained to interact with governments.
	www.pugwash.org /reports/ees/ees1.htm (4140 words)

	UN FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE (UNFCCC)
		This Convention was opened for signature at the UN Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992, came into force in 1994 and has been ratified by over 170 Parties.
		The Convention's principal policy-making body is the Conference of the Parties, which is supported by a number of subsidiary bodies and working groups and which often calls on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for scientific and technical advice.
		The Convention also requires that the developed countries and countries with economies in transition (the "Annex I countries"), individually or jointly, return greenhouse gas emissions to their 1990 levels by the end of the present decade, although this is expressed as a general aim rather than a binding commitment.
	www.icao.int /icao/en/env/env-kyoto.htm (1516 words)

	Yearbook of International Co-operation on Environment and Development: UNFCCC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		To strengthen the implementation of the Convention and prepare for the future entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, it established deadlines for finalizing the outstanding details of the Kyoto Protocol.
		The Declaration emphasizes the contribution that action on climate change can make to sustainable development and calls for capacity building, technology innovation, and co-operation with the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention to Combat Desertification.
		Up-to-date information on the Convention is available through the Secretariat, or through the UNEP Information Unit on the Conventions.
	www.greenyearbook.org /agree/atmosphe/unfccc.htm (3997 words)

	Full Text of the Convention
		1...."Adverse effects of climate change" means changes in the physical environment or biota resulting from climate change which have significant deleterious effects on the composition, resilience or productivity of natural and managed ecosystems or on the operation of socio-economic systems or on human health and welfare.
		2...."Climate change" means a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
		2....Amendments to the Convention shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties.
	usinfo.state.gov /usa/infousa/laws/treaties/conv.htm (6360 words)

	GreenBiz \| United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The online home for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change provides the complete texts and current lists of signatories for both the convention and the Kyoto Protocol.
		The Climate Change Action Kit, for example, includes dozens of information sheets for understanding the climate system and the impacts of climate change, as well as for learning about the technologies and policies for limiting greenhouse gas emissions.
		Parties to the convention make a commitment to release emissions data, and this is publicly available via the site’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory Database.
	www.greenbiz.com /reference/webguide_record.cfm?LINKADVID=3942 (202 words)

	FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
		It is two years since the historic decision in Kyoto when industrialised nations agreed to cap and reduce carbon emission levels as a contribution to combating global warming.
		In this short time frame it is vital that we recommit ourselves to settle the outstanding issues of detail by this time next year and thus enable parties to address the issue of ratification.
		We hope this will be the first of many such announcements as we move toward a truly global response to climate change.
	www.dfat.gov.au /environment/climate/cop5_statement.html (854 words)

	UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (SMEALSearch) - Pal,Rangaswamy,Giles,Debnath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This report is Switzerland's second National Communication under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
		In accordance with Convention guidelines, it documents activities undertaken with a view to meeting commitments under the Convention.
		The most noteworthy recent developments related to climate policy are as follows: Within national research...
	gunther.smeal.psu.edu /46973.html (241 words)

	WHO \| United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
		Its ultimate objective is the "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic human-induced interference with the climate system.
		WHO collaborates with the UNFCCC on the development of guidelines for assessing the health impacts of climate change and on adaptation measures for human health.
		- Climate change and human health – risks and responses
	www.who.int /globalchange/climate/unfccc/en (220 words)

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