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Topic: France Equinoxiale

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	French colonial empires - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Including metropolitan France, the total area of land under French sovereignty reached 12,898,000 km² (4,980,000 squar miles) in the 1920s and 1930s, which is 8.6% of the world's land area.
		Early French attempts to found colonies in Brazil, in 1555 at Rio de Janeiro (the so-called France Antarctique) and in 1612 at São Luís (the so-called France Équinoxiale), and in Florida were unsuccessful, due to Portuguese and Spanish vigilance and prevention.
		France's repurchase of Louisiana in 1800 came to nothing, as the final success of the Haitian revolt convinced Bonaparte that holding Louisiana would not be worth the cost, leading to its sale to the United States in 1803 (the Louisiana Purchase).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_colonial_empire (2696 words)

	France Antarctique - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		France Antarctique was the name of the failed French colony south of the Equator, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which existed between 1555 and 1567, and had control over the coast from Rio de Janeiro to Cabo Frio.
		With a fleet of 26 warships and 2,000 soldiers, he attacked and destroyed Fort Coligny within three days, but was unable to drive off their inhabitants and defenders, because they escaped to the mainland with the help of the Indians, where they continued to live and to work.
		Largely in response to the two attempts of France to conquer territory in Brazil (the other one was named France Équinoxiale and took place in present-day São Luís, state of Maranhão), between 1612 and 1615, the Portuguese crown decided to step up the colonization of Brazil and upgrade its status.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/France_Antarctique (713 words)

	Science Fair Projects - French colonial empire
		Early French attempts to found colonies in Brazil, in 1555 at Rio de Janeiro (the so-called France Antarctique) and in 1612 at São Luís (the so-called France Équinoxiale), and in Florida were unsuccessful, due to Portuguese and Spanish vigilance.
		True disaster came to what remained of France's colonial empire in 1791 when Saint Domingue, France's richest and most important colony, was riven by a massive slave revolt, caused partly by the divisions among the islands elite resulting from the French Revolution of 1789.
		France's repurchase of Louisiana in 1800 came to nothing, as the final success of the Haitian revolt convinced Bonaparte that holding it would not be worth the cost, leading to its sale to the United States in 1803 (the Louisiana Purchase).
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/French_colonial_empire (1799 words)

	Guiana - LoveToKnow 1911
		A delimitation of the territory belonging to France and the Netherlands was arrived at in 1891 b decision of the em eror of French 9, Y P Guiana.
		The question of the exploitation of gold in the Maroni was settled by attributing alternate reaches of the river to France and Holland; while France obtained the principal islands in the lower Maroni.
		The Compagnie du Cap Nord, founded by the people of Rouen in 1643 and conducted by Poncet de Bretigny, the Compagnie de la France Equinoxiale, established in 1645, and the second Compagnie de la France Equinoxiale, or Cornpagnie des Douze Seigneurs, established in 1652, were failures, the result of incompetence, mismanagement and misfortune.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Guiana (10797 words)

	French colonial empires - WikiGadugi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		France ᎠᏰᎲ lyudetiyvda ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏚᏙᏢᏒ, ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ 17th sqohitsuqui tsudetiyvdi iyuwakodi ᎯᎠ 1960s.
		ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎦᏚᎲᎢ France, ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎦᎸᏥ ᏓᎳᏏᏛ ᏭᎷᏨᎩ 12,898,000 km² (4,980,000 sq.
		France ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏩᎯᏍᏗ Louisiana ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1800 ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᎥᏝ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏭᎵᏍᏆᏙᏅ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎯᎠ Haitian ᏓᏂᎦᏘᎴᎬ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏅ Bonaparte Ꮎ ᏚᏂᏴᏒ Louisiana ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎬᏩᎶᏛ, ᏓᏓᏘᏂᏒ Ꮝ ᎦᎾᏗᏅᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1803 (ᎯᎠ Louisiana ᎠᏩᎯᏍᏗ).
	wikigadugi.org /wiki/French_colonial_empires (2627 words)

	French Colonial Empires Encyclopedia Articles @ 216.92.11.22 () (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The most important Caribbean colonial possession did not come until 1664, when the colony of Saint-Domingue (today's Haiti) was founded on the western half of the Spanish island of Hispaniola.
		In 1664, the French East India Company was established to compete for trade in the east.
		During the time of Napoleon III, an attempt was made to establish a colonial-type protectorate in Mexico, but this came to little, and the French were forced to abandon the experiment after the end of the American Civil War, when the American president invoked the Monroe Doctrine.
	216.92.11.22 /encyclopedia/French_colonial_empires (2085 words)

	Portuguese Empire Encyclopedia Articles @ 209.197.89.145 () (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Meanwhile colonization progressed in the Azores from 1439 and Madeira, where sugar and wine were now produced by settlers from Portugal, France and Flanders; above all, the gold brought home from Guinea stimulated the commercial energy of the Portuguese.
		Under Alphonso V (1443–1481), surnamed the African, the Gulf of Guinea was explored as far as Cape St Catherine, and three expeditions (1458, 1461, 1471) were sent to Morocco; in 1458 Alcácer Ceguer (El Qsar es Seghir, in Arabic) was taken and in 1471 Arzila (Asila) and Tangier were captured, all from the Moors.
		Portugal was able to mount a military expedition, which defeated and expelled the French colonists of France Équinoxiale in 1615, less than four years after their arrival in the land.
	209.197.89.145 /encyclopedia/Portuguese_Empire (2060 words)

	French Colonial Empires
		Although, through alliances with various Native American tribes, the French were able to exert a loose control over much of the North American continent, areas of French settlement were generally limited to the St. Lawrence River valley.
		It was only after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871 that most of France's later colonial possessions were acquired.
		After independence, some of France's former colonies continued to participate in the French Union, and later in the French Community, nurturing to varying extents political, economic and cultural ties with their former colonial power.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/frenchempire.html (1540 words)

	Voices from Wartime France,
		This is the largest and most important collection of titles from Occupied France anywhere outside France, and has remained almost unknown to the scholarly community.
		Another link with France was the Political Intelligence Department (PID), responsible to the Foreign Office, and amalgamated with the FRPS to become the Foreign Office Research Department in 1943.
		Agriculture was central to Vichy, which extolled the joys of farming, with France relegated to a mainly agricultural role in the new Europe.
	microformguides.gale.com /Data/Introductions/31550FM.htm (3771 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Antoine-Lefebvre, Sieur de la Barre
		There he formed a company called "Compagnie de la France équinoxiale" to colonize Guiana, and was appointed lieutenant-general and governor of that part of America.
		After establishing himself at Cayenne, which de Tracy had taken from the Dutch, de la Barre returned to France in the autumn of the same year, and while there published an account of his mission and his hopes for the future of Guiana, under the title of "La Description de la France équinoxiale".
		Louis XIV heard of the disastrous expedition to Fort Frontenac and recalled de la Barre (10 March, 1685), who did not leave Quebec, however, until the arrival of his successor, the Marquis de Denonville, in October, 1685.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02308b.htm (540 words)

	Louis Imfreville-Baudry
		Count d'hnfreville was asked to report on the best means to promote emigration from France to those countries, and was appointed commissioner and charged with the establishment in Guiana of 7,000 colonists, principally from Alsace.
		But the scheme of the colonial administration was not a practicable one, and the commissioner demanded permission to deal with the emigrants as he thought fit.
		This was denied, and he resigned, returning to Fort de France to resume his old office in 1764.
	www.famousamericans.net /louisimfrevillebaudry (261 words)

	Albert Paul Charles de Noirclerc
		The secretary of state, the Duke de Choiseul, being deeply affected at the loss of Canada, had prepared plans for the foundation of the "France equinoxiale du sud" in Guiana, and Noirclerc was summoned to Versailles to consult with the colonial department.
		The governor of Guiana was then Chevalier Turgot, a brother of the philosopher, and as he disapproved of the duke's schemes he forbade Noirclerc, upon the latter's arrival in Cayenne, to carry them out, and sailed a few days later to lay a memoir before the king.
		Through his unremitting efforts, the colony prospered somewhat during his administration, but succumbed to the same causes that ruined the first establishment, and soon after Noirclerc's death the place was abandoned.
	www.famousamericans.net /albertpaulcharlesdenoirclerc (478 words)

	The Avalon Project : Declarations for Suspension of Arms and Cessation of Hostilities 1783 : Hunter Miller's Notes
		This declaration they [the American (commissioners] gave me on receiving a similar one from me a copy of which I do not send as it is comprehended verbatim in theirs.
		The full text of the preliminaries between France and Great Britain and between Spain and Great Britain (in French) are in Von Martens, Recueil de traits, 2d ea., III, 503-14; English translations are in The Parliamentary History of England, XXIII, 346-54.
		In particular, these declarations and the proclamations made pursuant thereto by the two countries, brought into the agreement the terms of Article 22 of the Preliminaries of Peace between Great Britain and France of January 20, 1783.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/britain/dec783n.htm (943 words)

	Portuguese Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Meanwhile colonization progressed in the Azores from 1439 and Madeira, where sugar and wine were now produced by people from Portugal, France and the Flanders; above all, the gold brought home from Guinea stimulated the commercial energy of the Portuguese.
		It had become clear that, apart from their religious and scientific aspects, these voyages of discovery were highly profitable.
		From 1565 through 1567 Mem de Sá, a Portuguese colonial official and the third Governor General of Brazil, successfully destroyed a ten year old French colony called France Antarctique, at Guanabara Bay.
	www.educhy.com /index.php/Portuguese_Empire (2754 words)

	A little history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Around 1643, in their search for Eldorado, companies such as France Equinoxiale and Cap Nord began the colonization of French Guiana.
		In the 17th century, what is now French Guiana saw influxes of French, Spanish, English and Dutch, all eager to search for the mythical Eldorado.
		In 1852, in order to be able to close down the prisons in Toulon, Brest and Rochefort, France decided to make Guiana a penal administration.
	www.tourisme-guyane.com /en/culture/histoire.htm (188 words)

	Reese Catalogue 242 - Section II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Michel Bégon (1638-1710), among whose papers this manuscript was found, was a French civil servant and colonial administrator who served for a time in Canada, and then in the Caribbean at Martinique.
		In the 1690s he became intendent of the port of Rochelle, and in this capacity he gathered much data on French commerce and actions overseas, and advised the government extensively about matters of trade and commerce, until his death in 1710.
		"The author sailed from France in 1791 at the age of 18 to visit an uncle in Guadeloupe.
	www.reeseco.com /cat242/242b.htm (6971 words)

	Palacio dos Leoes, Sao Luis
		A short distance away, on Avenida Dom Pedro II, is the Palácio dos Leões ("Palace of the Lions"), now occupied by the state government and the State Art Gallery.
		The site was once occupied by a fort which until 1615 protected the capital of France Equinoxiale.
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	www.planetware.com /sao-luis/palacio-dos-leoes-bra-ma-slpl.htm (77 words)

	Reese Catalogue 242 - Section I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		An explanation by representatives of England and France of the factors leading to the declaration in 1845 of a blockade imposed on Argentina.
		The blockade was declared in reaction to the active hostility of the Buenos Aires government against Uruguay.
		To avoid possible conflict because of Spain's envy of this acquisition, France gave up the territory to her.
	www.reeseco.com /cat242/242a.htm (7837 words)

	Bibliography
		Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (4)5:214-252.
		Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (ns) 11(3):541-549.
		Latreille, P. Insectes de l'Amerique Equinoxiale, recueillis pendant la voyage de m.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /ndsu/rider/Pentatomoidea/Bibliography/bibliography_l.htm (7433 words)

	Dr. Levilson Reis
		The historical, sculptural, and architectural vestiges of a phantasmatic France have apparently left an imprint on my psyche, galvanized my interest in French language and literature, and sparked my interest in colonial and postcolonial transnational encounters and their complementary issues of race, gender, and sexuality in both literature and film.
		My publications and research interests range from medieval, Renaissance to nineteenth- and twentieth-century French literature, Brazilian, Mexican, and Spanish literatures, second-language acquisition, and the scholarship of teaching.
		2005 was the year of Brazil in France/L'Année du Brésil en France
	www.otterbein.edu /dept/foreignlang/reis_profile.html (148 words)

	Brazil Incentives Travel Tourism Online Reservation Tours & Hotels - SAO LUIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was founded in 1612 by the Frenchs, who wanted to create the “Equinoctial France”.
		Sao Luis was the only city in Brazil founded by French explorers, who intended to establish a French colony at South America, the so-called France Equinoxiale.
		The city was named by the French explorers, honoring Louis XIII, king of France.
	www.bitourism.com /city.asp?city_id=31 (1379 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: American Indians
		Indians (2 vols., London, 1841); Charlevoix, Histoire et description générale de la Nouvelle France (3 vols., Paris, 1874; tr., Shea, 6 vols., New York, 1866-70); Clark, The Indian Sign Language (Philadelphia, 1885); Colden, Hist.
		(Boston, 1867); Idem, Discovery of the Great West (Boston, 1869); Idem, Count Frontenac and New France (Boston, 1878); Idem, Montcalm and Wolfe (2 vols., Boston, 1874); Idem, Half Century of Conflict (2 vols., Boston, 1872); Powers, Tribes of California in Contr.
		relation de la France Equinoxiale (Guiana) (Paris, 1743); Bates, Naturalist on the Amazon (London, 1863); Benzoni, Historia del mondo nuovo (Venice, 1565, tr.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07747a.htm (10189 words)

	Travel to French Guyana
		French Guyana is located in the north of South America at the Atlantic Ocean between Brazil and Suriname.
		Colonization: in 1644, Governor Poncet de Brétigny set up a fort on the highest hill in Cayenne, which he named Cépérou, after a Galibi Indian chief.
		Gold and the penal colony: in the 17th century, what is now French Guiana saw influxes of French, Spanish, English and Dutch, all eager to search for the mythical Eldorado.
	www.reiswijs.co.uk /destinations/southamerica/guyana-fr/guyana-fr.html (1685 words)

	Bell Catalog - Bs
		Relation de la Nouvelle France, de ses terres, naturel du païs, & de ses habitans : item, du voyage des peres Iesuites ausdictes contrées, & de ce qu’ils y ont faict iusques à leur prinse par les anglois / faicte par le p.
		Voyage de la France equinoxiale en l’isle de Cayenne, entrepris par les François en l’année M. : diuisé en trois livres … auec vn dictionnaire de la langue du mesme païs / par Me. Antoine Biet … A Paris : chez François Clouzier …, 1664.
		A summarie and true discourse of Sir Frances Drakes VVest Indian voyage : wherein were taken, the townes of Saint Jago, Sancto Domingo, Cartagena & Saint Augustine : with geographicall mappes exactly describing each of the townes with their scituations, and the manner of the armies approching to the winning of them.
	www.bell.lib.umn.edu /cat/bib_b.html (11628 words)

	Africans in the New World, 1493-1834
		The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself.
		Maison Rustique, à l’usage Des Habitans de la partie de la France équinoxiale, connue sous le nom de Cayenne.
		Le Code Noir, ou Edit du Roy, servant de reglement Pour le Gouvernement and l’Administration de Justice and la Police des Isles Françoises de l’Amerique, and pour la Discipline and le Commerce des Negres and Esclaves dans ledit Pays.
	www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk /digital_guides/africans_in_the_new_world/Contents-Of-Reels.aspx (1104 words)

	French Guiana
		the Compagnie de la France Équinoxiale to 1674).
		25 Oct 1797 - 1801 Organized as département of France; from 1801
		16 Jun 1940 - 18 Mar 1943 Administration loyal to Vichy France
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Fr_Guiana.html (1050 words)

	The Cambridge History of the British Empire - Questia Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Meanwhile negotiations for opening the door of the Spanish Indies to the products of France resulted in the reduction of the duties on goods exported from Spain to America (1765).
		As such exports were mainly French in origin, France benefited by being thus enabled to undersell the...
		Continue reading this publication now and get full access to Questia's entire online library with our NO RISK 7-DAY TRIAL SUBSCRIPTION.
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&d=99040542 (301 words)

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