Francis I, Duke of Brittany

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	Encyclopedia: Francis II, Duke of Brittany
		The minor nobles and the people of Brittany were supported by the crown of France, eager to get even on Francis II.
		Francis rule is characterised by conflicts with the crown of France, ruled by kings Louis XI of Valois (War of the Public Weal), but mostly his son Charles VIII.
		On the terms of the treaty, the duke was compelled to recognise himself and his duchy as a vassal of the king of France.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Francis-II,-Duke-of-Brittany

	Nantes (Nannetes)
		The mausoleum of Francis II, last Duke of Brittany, executed in 1507 by Michel Colomb, is one of the finest monuments of the Renaissance.
		On 8 August, 1499, Louis XII married Anne of Brittany at Nantes-a marriage which later led to the annexation of the Duchy of Brittany to the Crown of France (1532).
		Blessed Franoise d'Ambroise (1427-85), who became Duchess of Brittany in 1450, had a great share in the canonization of St. Vincent Ferrier, rebuilt the choir of the collegiate church of Notre-Dame, and founded at Nantes the monastery of the Poor Clares.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/n/nantes.html

	Louis XI
		The castle of the dukes of Brittany in Nantes
		The absence of the duke of Brittany from Louis's ceremony of coronation was not left unnoticed by the participants, the contemporaries considering that the former was in 'the king's disgrace'.
		Francis II did his homage in the house of a bourgeois from Tours, Jean Hardouin on December 18, 1461 and the king accepted it in the form the duke wanted.
	edison.ro /louisxi/web/articles.html

	Francis Overton, b: 1880 - Carlisle, IA
		Of Brindisi, Geoffrey Of Brittany, Alan, IV ( Abt 1096 - Abt 1119) Of Brittany, Conan, IV ( Abt 1125 - Abt 1171) of Brittany, Conan, Duke Of Brittany ( Abt 950 - 17 JUN 992)
		Of Lombardy, Theovald ( Abt 475 -) Of Lombardy, Vuldetrada ( Aft 500 -) Of Lorraine, Beatrice ( Abt 1020 -) Of Lorraine, Godfrey, II ( Abt 1006 - 24 DEC 1069) Of Lorraine, Godfrey, III ( Abt 1030 - Aft 1100) Of Lorraine, Oda ( Abt 975 - 23 OCT 1044)
		of Bavaria, Henry, Duke Of Bavaria, II ( Abt 918 - Abt NOV 955) Of Bavaria, Henry, Duke Of Bavaria, I ( Abt 1074 - 13 DEC 1126) Of Bavaria, Hugobert ( Abt 665 - Abt 697)
	www.allthetubthumpers.com /ipo.htm

	NANTES - LoveToKnow Article on NANTES
		There are two interesting monuments in the transepton the right Michel Colombs tomb of Francis II., duke of Brittany, and his second wife Marguerite de Foix (1507), and on the left that of Ger~eral Juchault de Lamoricire, a native of Nantes, by Paul Dubois (1879).
		From being the residence of the dukes of Brittany, the castle became a state prison in which Jean-Francois Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz, Nicholas Fouquet, and Marie Louise of Naples, duchess of Berry, were at different times confined; it is now occupied as the artillery headquarters.
		Pierre de Dreux, declared duke of Brittany by Philip Augustus, made Nantes his capital, surrounded it with fortifications and defended it valiantly against John of England.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NA/NANTES.htm

	Brittany
		To strengthen his claim he married his cousin Margaret, daughter of Duke Francis I. He seems cautious and conciliatory to Charles VII but clearly has plans for Brittany: he created a university at Nantes only this year.
		Ruler: Duke Francis II of the House of Dreux, born 1435, succeeded 1458, married Margaret de Dreux.
		1442-1450: Francis I followed his father's line but his pro-English stance was rudely reversed by the Duke of Somerset's attack on the Breton town of Formigny.
	freespace.virgin.net /sheldon.stevens/brittany.html

	Francis Overton, b: 1880 - Carlisle, IA
		Of Swabia, Bertha ( Abt 924 - Abt 967) Of Swabia, Burchard, Duke Of Normandy,II ( Abt 900 -) of Swabia, Giselle ( Abt 989 - Abt 14 FEB 1042) Of Swabia, Oda ( Abt 566 - Aft 611)
		Of Verdun, Gottfried, Duke Of Lower Lorraine,II ( Abt 1023 -) Of Verdun, Gottfried, Count Von Bidgau Und Verdun ( Abt 930 - Abt 1005)
		Of Thuringia, Rodegunda ( Abt 500 - Abt 550) Of Tongres, Gondolfus, Duke ( Abt 524 - Abt 580) Of Tonsburgh, Jean, Earl of Comwyn ( Abt 980 - Abt 1050)
	www.allthetubthumpers.com /ipo.htm

	Francis I, Duke of Brittany - GrokPedia Encyclopedia
		Francis I, Duke of Brittany - GrokPedia Encyclopedia
		Francis I (in French François I) ( 1414– 1450), was duke of Brittany, from 1442 to his death.
		Francis married Isabella Stuart, princess of Scotland (daughter of James I) and had two daughters:
	www.grokpedia.com /en/f/fr/Francis_I,_Duke_of_Brittany.htm

	Duke of Brittany - Enpsychlopedia
		Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, "The Younger", son of Bertha and Alan of Richmond.
		Genealogy of the Dukes of Brittany ( http://genealogy.euweb.cz/index.html)
		Eudo of Porhoet, Duke of Brittany (r.1148- 1156), married Bertha, daughter of Conan III
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Duchy_of_Brittany

	Flanders, Brittany, Burgundy, Anjou, Normandy, Blois, Champagne, Toulouse, etc.
		Dukes of Gascony, 768-1038 AD The culture of the South of France in the 12th century is one of the first signs of the revival of civilization in Francia after the "second Dark Age" of the 9th and 10th centuries.
		Duke William V had three wives, and subsequent Dukes were descendants of William VIII, son of William V and Agnes of Burgundy.
		Although a Tory himself, Marlborough lost the support of the Tory Party, which didn't like the kind of continental campaign that the Duke was prosecuting so successfully.
	www.friesian.com /flanders.htm

	Encyclopedia: Anne of Brittany
		the daughter of Francis II., Duke of Brittany; by her marriage, first to Charles VIII.
	encyclopedia.oyxter.com /encyclopedia/2000/02/anne_of_brittan.html

	Philippe de Commynes Memoirs
		Then the duke of Calabria came up to the place where the standard of the count of Charolais was set up and where the majority of his leading retainers were ready to accompany it and to display his banner and his coat of arms, as was the custom of his house.
		Duke Philip, who since his death has been called Duke Philip the Good, consented to raise troops, but the real purpose of this affair was never revealed to him nor did he expect that it would lead to direct action.
		Charolais blamed the house of Croy for this business and as his father, Duke Philip, became very senile, he banished all the Croy family from his father's territories and seized all their lands and possessions.
	www.r3.org /bookcase/de_commynes/decom_2.html

	1435 [Definition]
		Francis of Paola Francis of Paola (1416-April 2, 1507) was a mendicant friar and the founder of the Order of the Minims.
		By 1436, he and two followers began a movement that would become the foundation of the Hermits of Saint Francis of Assisi, which would later be re...
		August 29 - Isabeau de Bavière, queen of Charles VI of France Charles VI the Well-Beloved, later known as the Mad (French: Charles VI le Bien-Aimé, later known as le Fol) (December 3, 1368 - October 21, 1422) was a King of France (1380 - 1422) and a member of the Valois Dynasty....
	www.wikimirror.com /1435

	Anne of Brittany on Encyclopedia.com
		The daughter of Duke Francis II of Brittany, she was heiress to his duchy.
		The marriage (1514) of Claude, Anne's daughter by Louis XII, to Francis of Angoulême (later Francis I of France) led to the eventual incorporation (1532) by France of Brittany, which had previously remained theoretically separate.
		Brittany; The opposite of Florida Cool, windy and wild, the westernmost region of France is the least French of them all.(ARTS and TRAVEL)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/A/AnneB1rit.asp

	The Sable Rose - History
		He invited the duke to make a vow in the presence of the bird according to the tradition of noble courts (no doubt a reminder of the Peacock oaths of Alexander's court as found in French romances of the 13th century).
		By the last quarter of the 15th century the loosely knit commonwealth of regions known as Burgundy, ruled by the Valois Dukes of Burgundy, was a fantastically wealthy almost-kingdom stretched more-or-less continuously across the Low Countries, along the modern-day borders of France and Germany, and France and Switzerland.
		Met with Frederick II at Trier to arrange marriage between his daughter Mary and Frederick’s son, who became Maxmillian I. Occupies Lorraine (alienating the swiss in the process.)
	homepage.mac.com /rhook/sablerose/history.html

	Anna, Duchess Of Brittany [Definition]
		He was son of Richard count d'Etampes and grandson of Duke John V. Francis' life was characterised by conflicts with the crown of France, ruled by king Louis XI of Valois (War of the Public Weal), and especially his son Charles VIII....
		As the first wife of François I, she was the mother of King Henri II, and thus grandmother of the last three kings of the Valois line and also of Elisabeth, queen of Spain, Claude, duchesse of Lorraine, and Margarite, the queen of Henri IV....
		Her death signified the end of the independence of the duchy of Brittany from the French throne, and from 1514 the title was only conferred on French princes.
	www.wikimirror.com /Anna,_Duchess_of_Brittany

	Tudor Monarchs - Henry VII, one
		While the duke of York was regent, Edmund led a raid to reassert the duke's authority on his lands, centered on the castle Carmarthen.
		He called the dukes of Northumberland and Norfolk to him, as well as the lieutenant of the Tower of London (where most of the king's weaponry was stored.) Because Sir William Stanley did not respond to summons, Richard declared him a traitor.
		His servant Pierre Landais (discussed on the previous page) was hated by the Orleans party who were seeking an alliance with his old enemies - namely, the noblemen of Brittany who had fled during Landais's ascendancy.
	www.englishhistory.net /tudor/monarchs/henry7.html

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Avignon
		In 1536 Francis I invaded the papal territory, in order to drive out Charles V, who held Provence.
		Another attempt at occupation made in 1688, without success, was followed by a long period of peace, lasting till 1768.
		Fish was brought from places as distant as Brittany; cloths, rich stuffs, and tapestries came from Bruges and Tournai.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02158a.htm

	Brittany
		1442-1450: Francis I followed his father's line but his pro-English stance was rudely reversed by the Duke of Somerset's attack on the Breton town of Formigny.
		Ruler: Duke Francis II of the House of Dreux, born 1435, succeeded 1458, married Margaret de Dreux.
		Francis' biggest problem in maintaining Breton independence is the lack of an heir.
	freespace.virgin.net /sheldon.stevens/brittany.html

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Nantes
		The mausoleum of Francis II, last Duke of Brittany, executed in 1507 by Michel Colomb, is one of the finest monuments of the Renaissance.
		The chief places of pilgrimage of the diocese are: Notre-Dame de Bon Garant at Orvault, a very old pilgrimage, repeatedly made by Francis II, Duke of Brittany; Notre-Dame de Bon Secours at Nantes, a pilgrimage centre which dates back to the fourteenth century ; Notre-Dame de Toutes Aides.
		Blessed Franoise d'Ambroise (1427-85), who became Duchess of Brittany in 1450, had a great share in the canonization of St. Vincent Ferrier, rebuilt the choir of the collegiate church of Notre-Dame, and founded at Nantes the monastery of the Poor Clares.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10681a.htm

	Paradox Interactive Forums - - ARCHIVE - Ducal Court of Brittany
		Brittany shall purchase all of its raw wool and textiles from England, via the Port at St. Malo.
		Merchants from Brittany shall be treated as inhabitants of France while there, and shall pay no other taxes that local merchants do.
		In 1425, when the former general died, he became the state general (marshal)of Brittany.(due his involemnt in the death of Luke VII de Montfort and his disappearance, he is no longer the marshal).
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?s=17a5c02084eafe3340f4c71703da3f48&t=110317

	Flanders, Brittany, Burgundy, Anjou, Normandy, Blois, Champagne, Toulouse, etc.
		Dukes of Gascony, 768-1038 AD The culture of the South of France in the 12th century is one of the first signs of the revival of civilization in Francia after the "second Dark Age" of the 9th and 10th centuries.
		In 1817, however, the 5th Duke was authorized to add the Churchill name to his own in order to preserve it with the descent of the Dukes.
		Flanders, Brittany, Burgundy, Anjou, Normandy, Blois, Champagne, Toulouse, etc.
	www.friesian.com /flanders.htm

	My Family
		Francis Reneau was born on Aug 17 1777 in SHENANDOAH, FREDRICK CO, VA.
		Francis Reneau was born in 1713 in PRINCE WILLIAM CO, VA.
		Francis Reno was born on Feb 7 1758 in ALLEGHENY, PA.
	www.williamshomes.net /tree/d219.htm

	Philippe de Commynes Memoirs
		Duke Philip, who since his death has been called Duke Philip the Good, consented to raise troops, but the real purpose of this affair was never revealed to him nor did he expect that it would lead to direct action.
		Duke John stayed in a small building right in front of the house of my lord of Charolais and facing the river.
		At this point Duke Philip replied to the ambassadors that Sir Olivier de la Marche, master of his household, had been born in county of Burgundy and was not subject to the crown at all.
	www.r3.org /bookcase/de_commynes/decom_2.html

	Brittany
		Daughter of Duke Francis II of Brittany; sought to maintain autonomy of Brittany; sought alliance with Maximilian of Austria against Charles VIII of France (1490); forced to marry Charles (1491), thus laying foundation for union of crown and Brittany; m.
		Duchess of Brittany (1488-1514) and queen consort of France.
		Joined his brothers and the French king in invasion of his father' s fief of Normandy (1173), but did homage to his father on latter' s promise to give him half the revenues of Brittany (1175).
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/brittany.htm

	Michael Miller - Wars of the Roses - Chapter 75: King Richard III's foreign affairs
		Duke Francis however put no bar in the way of the other exiles travelling to join Henry, even providing them with money for the journey.
		Duke Francis recovered his health shortly afterwards, and was greatly enraged when he found out that he had lost his main bargaining counter with England.
		Duke Francis needed 4, 000 archers to prevent this with another 4, 000 standing by.
	www.warsoftheroses.co.uk /chapter_75.htm

	Francis
		Francis is occasionally, mistakenly, given as a feminine name, in place of the identically pronounced Frances.
		Francis means “free.” The Franks were a Germanic tribe in Western Europe who's name meant “free.” Their name gave rise to the word and surname Franklin, or “freeman.” The Franks eventually settled in what is now called France.
		Built up his country into one of the wealthiest in Europe.
	www.geocities.com /edgarbook/names/f/francis.html

	1433 - free-definition
		June 23 - Francis II, Duke of Brittany
	www.free-definition.com /1433.html

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Jérôme de Fiesole
		A document of 1499 mentions him as the only sculptor employed by Anne of Brittany (1477–1514) to realize the tomb of her parents, Francis II, 10th Duke of Brittany and Marguerite of Foix (marble; Nantes Cathedral), and also of her children by Charles VIII (marble; Tours Cathedral).
		An Italian Renaissance repertory of ornament, exceptional in France in the early 16th century, appears on the sarcophagus, while the recumbent statues of the deceased are French in conception and style and come from the workshop of Colombe.
		It has been suggested, not entirely convincingly, that Jérôme contributed the decorative Renaissance framing to the Entombment (usually attributed to Colombe) in the abbey church at Solesmes, Sarthe, and that he contributed to the decoration of the tomb of Cardinal Georges I d’Amboise and Cardinal Georges II d’Amboise, his nephew, in Rouen Cathedral.
	www.artnet.com /library/04/0446/T044636.asp

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Topic: Francis I, Duke of Brittany

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