Francis I of Austria

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	AUSTRIA-HUNGARY - LoveToKnow Article on AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
		Francis, the dispossessed duke of Lorraine, was to be compensated with Tuscany.
		Austria proper was The policy left to his eldest son Maximilian, Tirol to the archduke of Ford!- Ferdinand; and Styria with Carinthia and Carniola nand and to the archduke Charles.
		Austria and Spain were thus divided, and, in spite of the efforts of the archduke Charles in the Spanish Succession War, were never again united, for at the battle of Mohflcs, on the 28th of August 1526, Suleiman the Mohacs.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AU/AUSTRIA_HUNGARY.htm

	History of Austria
		The Emperor's daughter, Marie Louise, was married to Napoleon, and Austria contributed an army to Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812.
		The end of the war saw Austria, exhausted, continuing the alliance with France (cemented in 1770 with the marriage of Maria Theresa's daughter Archduchess Maria Antonietta to the Dauphin), but also facing a dangerous situation in Central Europe, faced with the alliance of Frederick the Great of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia.
		In 1438, Duke Albert V of Austria was chosen as the successor to his father-in-law, Emperor Sigismund.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/history_of_austria.html

	HABSBURG - LoveToKnow Article on HABSBURG
		In 1875 Francis Ferdinand inherited the wealth of the Este family and took the title of archduke of Austria-Este; in 1900 be contracted a morganatic marriage with Sophia, countess of Chotek, renouncing for his sons the succession to the monarchy.
		The emperor Francis I. died in 1765 and was succeeded by his son Joseph II., an ambitious and able prince, whose aim was to restore the Habsburgs and the Empire to their former great positions in Europe, and whose pride did not prevent him from learning from Frederick the Great,- the despoiler of his house.
		The eldest and reigning branch of the family was in 1909 represented by the emperor Francis Joseph, whose father was the archduke Francis Charles (1802-1878), and whose grandfather was the emperor Francis II.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HA/HABSBURG.htm

	AllRefer Encyclopedia - Austria And Hungary, History, Biographies Encyclopedia
		• Elizabeth, empress of Austria and queen of Hungary
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/categories/austhistbio.html

	Sigismund of Austria - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		There was also a 17th-century Archduke known as Sigismund Francis of Austria.
		Sigismund of Austria ( October 26, 1427 in Innsbruck – March 4, 1496 ibid) was a Habsburg archduke of Austria and regent of Tirol from 1446 to 1490.
		Sigismund (or Siegmund, sometimes also spelled Sigmund) was born in Innsbruck; his parents were Frederick IV of Habsburg and Anna of Braunschweig.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Sigismund_of_Austria

	Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Austria played a major role in the final defeat of France—in recognition of this, Francis, represented by Clemens von Metternich, presided over the Congress of Vienna, helping to form the Concert of Europe and the Holy Alliance, ushering in an era of conservatism and reactionism in Europe.
		Francis II Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, who is also referred to as Francis von Habsburg or Emperor Franz I of Austria (February 12, 1768– March 2, 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until August 6, 1806, when the Empire was disbanded.
		She was the daughter of Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria and Maria Beatrice d'Este, Princess of Modena.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Francis_I_of_Austria (594 words)

	Austria. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The treaties of Campo Formio (1797) and Lunéville (1801) preluded the dissolution (1806) of the Holy Roman Empire, and in 1804, Francis II took the title “Francis I, emperor of Austria.” His rout at Austerlitz (1805) led to the severe Treaty of Pressburg (see Pressburg, Treaty of).
		Austria captured world attention in 1986 when former UN secretary-general Kurt Waldheim was elected president despite allegations that he had been involved in atrocities as a German army staff officer in the Balkans during World War II.
		Austria is located at the crossroads of Europe; Vienna is at the gate of the Danubian plain, and the Brenner Pass in W Austria links Germany and Italy.
	www.bartleby.com /65/au/Austria.html (3380 words)

	AllRefer.com - Francis Joseph (Austria And Hungary, History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		In 1914 his nephew, the heir apparent, Francis Ferdinand, was assassinated, and his death was the spark that set off World War I. Francis Joseph died before the empire actually fell apart under the impact of military defeat, as it did under his successor, Charles I.
		Francis Joseph or Franz Joseph, 1830–1916, emperor of Austria (1848–1916), king of Hungary (1867–1916), nephew of Ferdinand, who abdicated in his favor.
		When Russian Pan-Slavism backed Serbia, particularly after the annexation of Bosnia and Hercegovina (1908), a situation was created that helped bring on World War I. Francis Joseph's private life was beset by the tragedies falling on his wife, Empress Elizabeth, his brother, Maximilian of Mexico, and his son, Archduke Rudolf.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/FrancisJ.html (444 words)

	memo: Accepted for issue 10 of REVIEW
		Francis David carried the bulk of the argument for the Unitarians and at the conclusion of the debate it was generally conceded that the victory should be awarded to him.
		Born at Kolozsvar in 1510, Francis David was the son of a Saxon shoemaker father and a Magyar mother from a noble family, a remarkable heritage in a country where the crossing of ethnic boundaries was neither customary nor frequent.
		Francis David was chosen as Superintendent of the Reformed Churches in Transylvania.
	www.lhup.edu /library/InternationalReview/david.htm (444 words)

	Habsburg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		NB: Maria Theresa of Austria, Habsburg heiress and wife of emperor Francis I Stephen, reigned as Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia 1740 - 1780
		However, in anticipation of the loss of his title of Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II declared himself hereditary Emperor of Austria (as Francis I, thereof) on August 11, 1804, three months after Napoleon had declared himself Emperor of France on May 18, 1804.
		rulers of Austria (as dukes 1282–1453, archdukes 1453–1804, and emperors 1804–1918),
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Habsburg (2570 words)

	Francis 1 : Emperor : Austria : Austrian : Napoleonic : Napoleon Bonaparte :
		In 1810, Francis agreed to his daughter, Marie-Louise, marrying the French emperor and that began a three-year peace.
		Despite copping hiding after hiding at the hands of the French, Austria refused to accept the fact its armies could not compete on the field of battle with that of the upstart revolutionaries.
		Francis 1 : Emperor: Austria : Austrian : Napoleonic: Napoleon Bonaparte :
	www.napoleonguide.com /leaders_francis1.htm (142 words)

	Francis I
		He was the elder son of Duke Francis IV of Modena, Archduke of Austria, and of his wife, Princess Mary Beatrice of Savoy.
		Francis died at Vienna, November 20, 1875, when he was succeeded in his British rights by his niece, Mary Theresa.
		A quasi-official Italian-language biography written by the sometime ambassador of King Francis to the Imperial Court of Austria.
	www.jacobite.ca /kings/francis1.htm (815 words)

	Franz Joseph I of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Francis Joseph I (in German often abbreviated Franz Joseph or Franz Josef, and in English also Francis Joseph) (August 18, 1830 – November 21, 1916) of the Habsburg Dynasty was Emperor of Austria and King of Bohemia from 1848 until 1916 and Apostolic King of Hungary from 1867 until 1916.
		Their three other children were Archduchess Sophie of Austria (1855 - 1858), Archduchess Gisela of Austria (1856 - 1932) and Archduchess Marie-Valerie of Austria (1868 - 1924).
		Archduke Franz was the oldest son of Archduke Franz Karl, who was brother and heir of Austrian Emperor Ferdinand I, and his wife Sophie, Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Bavaria).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Franz_Joseph_of_Austria (780 words)

	June 25 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sigismund Francis of Austria, regent of Tyrol and Further Austria
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/June_25 (780 words)

	Italy
		Francis, as it happened, was married to the hieress of Austria, Maria Theresa.
		This led to their grandson, the Duke Francis III, who then married the great Maria Theresa, the Heiress of Austria, founding the house of Hapsburg-Lorraine.
		This was Ferdinand's third marriage, so it did not contribute any heirs to Austria, but their own daughter Eleonore, after marriage to an ephemeral King of Poland, married Duke Charles IV of Lorraine.
	www.friesian.com /italia.htm (780 words)

	Sigismund Francis of Austria - Result for Sigismund Francis of Austria - Meaning of Sigismund Francis of Austria - Definition of Sigismund Francis of Austria - Dictionary of Meaning - www.mauspfeil.net
		'''Sigismund Francis of Austria''' (born November 27, November 27 in November 27, died November 27, November 27 in Innsbruck) was the Regent of November 27 from November 27 to November 27.
		Sigismund Francis of Austria - Result for Sigismund Francis of Austria - Meaning of Sigismund Francis of Austria - Definition of Sigismund Francis of Austria - Dictionary of Meaning - www.mauspfeil.net
		There you find a list of all editors and the possibility to edit the original text of the article Sigismund Francis of Austria.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Sigismund_Francis_of_Austria.html (780 words)

	Worldroots.com
		1298 Habsburg, Leopold I of Austria, Duke of Austria
		1330 Habsburg, Otto of Austria, Duke of Austria
		0, Leopold VI of Austria, Duke of Austria
	worldroots.com /brigitte/houseofaustria.htm (780 words)

	Detailed Country Profile: Austria
		Austria is a country in Central Europe and is a member state of the European Union.
		Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade.
		Austria became independent from the German Empire in 1804.
	www.nationmaster.com /country/au (780 words)

	Hapsburg. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
		The assassination of heir apparent Francis Ferdinand precipitated World War I; the death (1916) of Francis Joseph left his grandnephew, Emperor Charles I, to witness the defeat of Austria-Hungary, which was dissolved immediately after Charles’s abdication in 1918.
		Leopold’s son, Francis II, assumed (1804) the title Francis I, emperor of Austria, and abdicated as Holy Roman emperor in 1806.
		During the revolutions of 1848, Francis’s son Ferdinand abdicated in favor of his nephew Francis Joseph, whose long rule (1848–1916) saw Austria lose (1859) its dominance in Italy and surrender (1866) leadership in Germany to Prussia.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ha/Hapsburg.html (780 words)

	MSN Encarta - Austria-Hungary
		It was established in 1867 under Francis Joseph I, the emperor of Austria and king of Hungary.
		Austria was formed during the Napoleonic Wars, a series of wars fought from 1799 to 1815 between France, led by Napoleon I, and a number of European nations.
		The compromise was an agreement between the Habsburg Emperor Francis Joseph and the Magyar rulers of the kingdom of Hungary.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761579967/Austria-Hungary.html (1390 words)

	European royalty Austria: Francis Joseph I
		Of all the Hapsburgs, one of the longest ruling was Francis Joseph I (1830-1916).
		Francis Joseph was meant to be introduced to his fiancée-to-be, Princess Helen of Bavaria, at this scenic Salzkammergut town.
		The first 18 years of Francis Joseph's reign were characterized by strict absolutism and repression of liberal political movements.
	www.histclo.hispeed.com /royal/ost/royal-ausfj1.htm (2149 words)

	Additional Reading (from Francis Joseph) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Francis Joseph became emperor of Austria when he was 18 years old.
		The Canadian poet Francis Joseph Sherman was a minor figure in the school of nationalist poets writing in Canada in the late 19th century.
		One of the most brilliant historians in the United States, Francis Parkman wrote a seven-volume history, ‘England and France in North America', that combines historical accuracy and narrative skill.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-2435?tocId=2435 (956 words)

	Francis Ferdinand is Assassinated: 1914
		Sophie ducked, and Francis Ferdinand deflected the bomb with his arm, causing it to bounce off the back of the car and explode behind them, demolishing the next car and seriously injuring several aides.
		As Francis Ferdinand and his party proceeded through Sarajevo, the first of the Black Hand operatives tossed a bomb at the Archduke's automobile.
		On the morning of June 28, 1914, while traveling in a motorcade through Sarajevo, the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were assassinated by a Serbian nationalist.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/EastEurope/FranzFerdinand.html (659 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Francis I
		Surrounded on the south, north-east, and east by the states of Charles V, Francis I, immediately after his interview of the Field of the Cloth of Gold with Henry VIII of England (1520), began the struggle with the House of Austria which was to be prolonged, with occasional truces, until 1756.
		The struggle against the House of Austria made Francis I the ally of the Holy See during the pontificate of Clement VII, whose niece, Catherine, had married Henry II, the future King of France (see CATHERINE DE' MEDICI), but he could not prevail upon Clement VII to grant a divorce to Henry VIII of England.
		The death of Emperor Maximilian I (1519) led Francis I to dispute the imperial crown with Charles of Austria who had recently inherited the crown of Spain.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06207a.htm (1074 words)

	Francis Joseph Biography / Biography of Francis Joseph Biography Biography
		Francis Joseph (1830-1916) was emperor of Austria and king of Hungary.
		Proclaimed emperor after Ferdinand's abdication on Dec. 2, 1848, Francis Joseph began his rule by subduing a series of revolutions in his realm.
		Francis Joseph did not regard the compromise as an ideal solution, but he fought all attempts to alter it for fear of disrupting the unity of his empire.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-francis-joseph (789 words)

	21ST GENERATION
		Emperor Francis Joseph I Hapsburg AUSTRIA-HUNGARY was born in 1830 in Austria - aka Franz Josef - son of Francis Charles.
		Emperor Francis Joseph I Hapsburg AUSTRIA-HUNGARY and Elizabeth of BAVARIA Empress of Austria had the following children:
		He was married to Elizabeth of BAVARIA Empress of Austria (daughter of Duke Maximilian Joseph of BAVARIA and Ludovica of BAVARIA) in 1854 in Milan (cousins).
	home.att.net /~hamiltonclan/hamilton/gilbert/d7220.htm (97 words)

	Emperor Francis Joseph I of Austria-Hungary - Royal Heritage Trust Library Shelf
		Francis Joseph was born in 1830, and had a Spartan upbringing as the nephew of Emperor Ferdinand I, who personally groomed the young Archduke to become the next Emperor.
		The government of Austria was not Parliament, but the administration working for the Emperor, and the administration drew its members from all races and all levels of society.
		Francis Joseph’s personal life, according to Eclipse of Kings: European Monarchies in the Twentieth Century, by Denis Judd, was filled with family and dynastic tragedy.
	www.crht.ca /LibraryShelf/EmperorFrancisJosephI.html (645 words)

	Encyclopedia: Francis Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria
		Franz Ferdinand (sometimes called Francis Ferdinand in English) (December 18, 1863- June 28, 1914) was born in Graz, Austria and was a Habsburg Archduke of Austria and heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.
		Ferdinand was nephew of the Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria and next in line to the crown following the suicide of his cousin Crown Prince Rudolph at Mayerling (January 30, 1889) and the death of his father Karl Ludwig (May 19, 1896).
		Sophie, Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Bavaria
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Francis-Ferdinand,-Archduke-of-Austria (332 words)

	ipedia.com: Archduke Ferdinand of Austria Article
		Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-Este (1821-1849), was the younger son of Duke Francis IV of Modena.
		Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este (1781-1850), was the younger son of Archduke Ferdinand Karl Anton Joseph Johann Stanislaus.
		Archduke Ferdinand Karl Anton Joseph Johann Stanislaus of Austria-Este (1754-1806), fourth son and fourteenth child of Franz I and Maria Theresa, became heir to the Duchies of Modena and Reggio through his marriage to the Este heiress, and served as commander of an Austrian army in the War of the Third Coalition (1805).
	www.ipedia.com /archduke_ferdinand_of_austria.html (276 words)

	Ferdinand Charles of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As the son of Archduke Leopold V and Claudia de Medici, he took over his mother's governatorial duties when he came of age in 1646.
		Archduke Ferdinand Charles of Austria (born May 17,
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ferdinand_Charles_of_Austria (276 words)

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