Francis IV, Duke of Modena

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	Francis IV, Duke of Modena - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Francis IV Joseph Karl Ambrose Stanislaus (Italian: Francesco IV d'Absburgo-Este) ( 6 October 1779- 21 January 1846) was Duke of Modena, Reggio, and Mirandola (from 1815), Duke of Massa and Prince of Carrara (from 1829), Archduke of Austria-Este, Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.
		In 1812 Francis married the Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy, who was the daughter of King Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia.
		His father was the Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este, Duke of Breisgau, his mother Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este, Duchess of Massa and Princess of Carrara, Lady of Lunigiana.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Francis_IV_of_Modena

	FRANCIS IV - Online Information article about FRANCIS IV
		The duke was well received at Modena; inordinately ambitious, strong-willed, immensely rich, avaricious but not unintelligent, he soon proved one of the most reactionary despots in Italy.
		(17791846) duke of Modena, was the son of the archduke Ferdinand, Austrian
		The duke actually proposed to Prince Metternich, the Austrian chancellor, an agreement whereby the various Italian rulers were to arrest every Liberal in the country on a certain day, but the project fell through owing to opposition from the courts of Florence and Rome.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /FRA_GAE/FRANCIS_IV.html

	Modena - Encyclopedia
		His only daughter, Maria Beatrice d'Este, married Ferdinand of Austria, son of Maria Theresa, and in 1814 their eldest son, Francis IV, Duke of Modena, received back the estates of the Este.
		His equally reactionary son Francis V, Duke of Modena, was temporarily expelled from Modena in the European Revolution of 1848, but was restored by Austrian troops.
		The University of Modena, founded in 1683 by Francis II d'Este, has traditional strengths in medicine and law.
	encyclopedia.maksiu.info /wiki/Modena

	Modena
		Francis V of Modena Duke Francis V of Francis IV of Modena and of Princess Mary Beatrice of Savoy.
		Modena, Wisconsin Modena is a town located in 2000 census, the town had a total population of 318.
		Modena, Pennsylvania Modena is a borough located in 2000 census, the borough had a total population of 610.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/modena.html

	Francis I
		He was the elder son of Duke Francis IV of Modena, Archduke of Austria, and of his wife, Princess Mary Beatrice of Savoy.
		At the death of his father Duke Francis IV of Modena, January 21, 1846, Francis succeeded as Duke Francis V of Modena; he also bore the titles of Duke of Reggio and Mirandola, Duke of Massa, Prince of Carrara and Lunigiana.
		Francis was henceforward recognised by the Jacobites as "The Prince Francis of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland".
	www.jacobite.ca /kings/francis1.htm

	New Kings on Old Thrones
		Francis, Duke of Modena Ferdinand (styled Francis I. by the
		Mary Beatrice (married the Duke of Modena; styled
		Legitimists consider the Duke of Orleans to be as truly the heir of a criminal as they do the inheritors of the traditions of Buonaparte.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /forgottenfutures/kings/kings.htm

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Modena
		Borso, a natural son of Nicolò III, received the title of Duke of Modena from the emperor in 1452, and later that of Duke of Ferrara, from Paul II.
		Modena became the capital of the Cispadan, united later to the Cisalpine republic, and eventually was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy.
		In the stuggle between the popes and Frederick II Modena was Ghibelline, and in conflict with the Guelph cities; nevertheless, it harboured a strong Guelph party, under the leadership of the Aigoni family, while the Ghibellines were led by the Grasolfi.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10413a.htm

	AllRefer.com - Mary of Modena (British And Irish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Mary of Modena [mod´in u ] Pronunciation Key, 1658–1718, queen consort of James II of England; daughter of Alfonso IV, duke of Modena.
		Her marriage (1673) to James, then duke of York, was brought about through the influence of Louis XIV of France.
		When she bore a son in 1688, it was widely rumored that this Catholic heir to the throne was a changeling, and fear of a Catholic succession precipitated the Glorious Revolution that overthrew James II.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/MaryMode.html

	MARY OF MODENA - LoveToKnow Article on MARY OF MODENA
		As a princess she was not free to choose for herself, and was selected, mainly by the king of France, Louis XIV., as the wife of James, duke of York, heir-presumptive to the English throne.
		The duke had become a Roman Catholic, and it was a point of policy with the French king to provide him with a Roman Catholic wife.
		She was born at Modena on the 5th of October 1658.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MARY_OF_MODENA.htm

	Phipps' Defence of Francis V, Duke of Modena
		The Duke was only directing the application to those persons of a law which existed before the offences were committed, and was ordering that a measure should be applied to them individually, to which all persons in their case were liable by the law as it had already stood for twenty years.
		Gladstone seems to conceive that it was particularly harsh that the Duke should complain of the carelessness of his judges in giving a couple of malefactors the benefit of a law which was never intended to apply to their case.
		The convictions of the Duke upon these points were shared by the Modenese public, who were incessantly complaining of the impunity of crime, of the inertness, the slowness, and the inefficiency of the judges, and of the evil influence of their laxity upon public morality.
	www.jacobite.ca /documents/18610307a.htm

	Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000 - pafg699 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Francis V Ferdinand of Modena HABSBURG Prince was born 1 Jun 1819 and died 20 May 1876.
		Maria-Beatrice-Victoire-Josephine married Francis IV of Modena HABSBURG-LOTHARING on 20 Jun 1812.
		Francis IV of Modena HABSBURG-LOTHARING [ Parents ] was born 6 Oct 1779.
	www.peterwestern.f9.co.uk /maximilia/pafg699.htm

	FRANCIS V - Online Information article about FRANCIS V
		(18191375), duke of Modena, son of Francis IV., succeeded his father in 1846.
		Feeling his position insecure, the duke asked for and obtained an Austrian garrison, but on the outbreak of revolution throughout Italy and at Vienna in 1848, further disorders occurred in the duchy, and on the loth of
		Modena, with Austrian assistance, in August and conferred many appointments on Austrian officers.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /FRA_GAE/FRANCIS_V.html

	The Succession Laws of Modena
		A convention was signed on May 11, 1753, and ratified by the Empress, the duke of Modena, and George II of Great Britain as head of the whole house of Guelf (of which Este was a junior branch).
		Modena, a town in northern Italy, was part of the Holy Roman Empire in the early Middle Ages, and among the estates of the counts of Tuscany of the Canossa family.
		Modena was invaded by French troops in 1796; duke Ercole III fled on 7 May 1796, and a ceasefire was signed between the Modenese and French armies on 12 May 1796.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/royalty/modena.htm

	FRANCIA
		Finally, the succession of Henry IV, to anticipate a bit, brings with it the remaining possessions of the Kingdom of Navarre and the Duchy and Counties of Vendôme, Foix, Albret, etc. By then, few fiefs within West Francia were left outside the control of the King.
		Charles IV The Capetians are usually reckoned to begin with Hugh Capet, but his family (the house of Paris or "Robertians," after Robert the Strong) had been nudging the Carolingians for some time, and his uncle (by marriage), grandfather, and great uncle had already been Kings of France.
		The Dukes of Savoy, beginning with a county in Burgundy, acquired more land and a capital (Turin) in Italy, named their new Kingdom after Sardinia and ultimately succeeded as the modern Kings of Italy.
	www.friesian.org /francia.htm

	thePeerage.com - Person Page 313
		Francis d'Este, Duca di Modena was the son of Alphonso III d'Este, Duca di Modena and Isabel di Savoia.
		She married Francis d'Este, Duca di Modena, son of Alphonso III d'Este, Duca di Modena and Isabel di Savoia, on 16 January 1631.
		Alphonso III d'Este, Duca di Modena was the son of Cesar d'Este, Duca di Modena and Virginia de Medici.
	www.thepeerage.com /p313.htm

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: States of the Church
		Reggio and Modena, which belonged to the Duke of Ferrara, were also taken possession of by the pope, but his successor Leo X had to restore these cities to the duke in 1515.
		The Rovere pope Sixtus IV had in 1474 made Federigo of Montefeltro Duke of Urbino, and married Federigo's daughter Giovanna to his nephew Giovanni della Rovere.
		Innocent IV fled to his native city Œcumenical Genoa and thence to Lyons, where at the thirteenth Œcumenical Council in 1245 he placed Frederick II under the ban of the Church ann deposed him.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14257a.htm

	Italy
		When the Duke of Modena was deposed by Napoleon, he was compensated by the Treaty of Campo Formio (between France and Austria, 1797) with Breisgau.
		Frederick IV of Naples was deposed by his cousin Ferdinand II of Aragón, who had already united Spain by marrying Isabella of Castile.
		This led to their grandson, the Duke Francis III, who then married the great Maria Theresa, the Heiress of Austria, founding the house of Hapsburg-Lorraine.
	www.friesian.com /italia.htm

	Genealogical Tree showing the Jacobite Kings and their Heirs, Earls of Clonard Site, Spain France
		MARY III and II George IV William (IV) Edward (1792-1840)(Duchess of Modena) of Hanover of Hanover "Duke of Kent"
		FRANCIS I Ferdinand of Austria-Este Victoria (1819-1875)
		A genealogy showing all the descendants of Queen Mary IV and III is available here.
	www.suttonclonard.com /Jacobite_Heritage.htm

	woodgate - pafg97 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Laura Mortinozzi.Laura married Alfonso IV d'Este Duke of Modena.
		Alfonso IV d'Este Duke of Modena.Alfonso married Laura Mortinozzi.
		Robert Stuart Duke of Kintyre was born on 18 Jan 1602 in Dunfermline.
	homepages.ihug.co.nz /~woodgate/pafg97.htm

	WHKMLA : History of Modena, 1814-1860
		In 1814 the Duchy of Modena was reestablished, Duke Francesco IV., son of Maria Beatrice d'Este and Archduke Ferdinand of Habsburg-Lorraine, founded the Habsburg Este Line.
		In 1846 he was succeeded by his son Francesco V. In 1852 the diocesis of Modena was elevated archdiocesis.
		and V. of Modena, from Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1911 edition
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/italy/modena181460.html

	Index to royal Genealogical Data - ordered by forename - part 39
		Francis IV of Modena, Duke of Modena Habsburg-Lotharing, b.
		Francis V Ferdinand of Modena, Duke of Modena Habsburg, b.
		Francis III of Modena, Duke of Modena d'Este, b.
	www.dcs.hull.ac.uk /genealogy/royal/gedFx39.html

	Brunetto Latino and Dante Alighieri. Italian Manuscripts in French Exile: Bankers and their Books
		Formerly owned by Thomas Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, to whom it was given by William Montague, Earl of Salisbury.
		Related to this Roman de la Rose is Modena's Biblioteca Estense's E.152=alpha.K.2.48, which gives four folios of the Roman de la Rose, likewise with capitals in Bolognan libraria.
		Francis J. Carmody (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1948), III.ii.v, pp.
	www.florin.ms /Bankers.html

	700000 people connected with European Royalty
		AKA: Francisco I Duke Of Modena Born: Abt 1609
		Ercole I Duke Of Modena and Ferrara and Eleanora Naples
		Nicolo III D'este Marquess Of Modena and Richardis Of Saluzzo
	www.e-familytree.net /f7239.htm

	The liberal King (The other dynasty)
		Following the death of Carlos VI Don Juan inherited his brother’s Throne but in view of the principles of legitimacy could not be King given his constant manifestations of extreme liberalism.
		From the start they were never able to get along due to the intellectual whims of the infante who boasted revolutionary and voltairian ideas at the rigid court of Modena.
		He shared the same teachers, education, ups and downs and exile with his brother but never showed much interest for matters concerning the fatherland so that many contest his inclusion in the list of Carlist Kings of Spain.
	www.maineworldnewsservice.com /caltrap/liberal.htm

	DON CARLOS - LoveToKnow Article on DON CARLOS
		RAPHAEL) (1848-1909),prince of Bourbon, claimant,as Don Carlos VII., to the throne of Spain, was born at Laibach on the 3oth of March 1848, being the eldest surviving son of Don Juan (John) of Bourbon and of the archduchess Maria Beatrix, daughter of Francis IV., duke of Modena.
		He married in February 1867, at Frohsdorf, Princess Marguerite, daughter of the duke of Parma and niece of the comte de Chambord, who was born on the 1st of January 1847, and who bore him a son, Don Jaime, in 1870, and three daughters.
		He took a marked dislike to the duke of Alva, possibly because he wished to proceed to the Netherlands instead of the duke, and he exhibited a morbid antipathy towards his father, whose murder he even contemplated.
	www.1911ency.org /C/CA/CARLOS_DON.htm

	The rebellions of 1831 and their aftermath (from Italy) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Two Carbonari, Enrico Misley and Ciro Menotti, put their trust in the duke of Modena, Francis IV of Habsburg-Este, who was looking for an opportunity to expand his small state.
		The Parisian July Revolution of 1830 set in motion an Italian conspiratorial movement in Modena and in other Emilian towns.
		But when Francis discovered that the plot was known to the Austrian police, …
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=27735

	The House of Stuart
		Rupert, so gallantly distinguished during the civil wars as “Prince Rupert,” created Duke of Cumberland in 1644, and made a Knight of the Garter; be d.
		Philippe, Duke of Orleans, brother of Louis XIV, and had a son,
		Edward, Duke of Bavaria, Count Palatine of the Rhine, K.G., m.
	www.maximiliangenealogy.co.uk /burke2/TheHouseofStuart.html

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