Francis Willughby - Factbites

Francis Willughby - Factbites
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Topic: Francis Willughby

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	Francis Willughby's Book of Games - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Francis Willughby's Book of Games is a book published in 2003 that printed for the first time a transcription of a seventeenth-century manuscript written by Francis Willughby that was held in the library of the University of Nottingham.
		The manuscript was left uncomplete when Willughby died at the age of 36, but even in its unfinished state it provides an unrivalled insight into the sports and games of his period.
		The modern edition was editied by Jeffrey L Forgeng, Dorothy Johnston, and David Cram and was published by Ashgate Publishing Company with ISBN 1859284604.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Francis_Willughby's_Book_of_Games

	WILLUGHBY - LoveToKnow Article on WILLUGHBY
		(1635-1672), English ornithologist and ichthyologist, son of Sir Francis Willughby, was born at Middleton, Warwickshire, in 1635.
		In Ray's preface to the former work he gives Willughby much of the credit usually assigned to himself, both as critic and system-atist.
		WILMINGTON, a city, a port of entry and the county-seat of New Castle county, Delaware, U.S.A., in the N. part of the state, near the Delaware river, at the mouth of Brandywine and Christiana creeks.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /W/WI/WILLUGHBY.htm

	Francis Willughby
		Francis Willughby ( November 22, 1635 - July 3, 1672) was an English ornithologist and ichthyologist.
		He was the son of Sir Francis Willughby, and was born at Middleton Hall, Warwickshire.
		In 2003 Willughby's scientific study of games was published (under the name Francis Willughby's Book of Games), making generally available for the first time indepth descriptions of a number of seventeenth century games.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/f/fr/francis_willughby.html

	Parlett's Historic Card Games: Losing Lodam
		Willughby does not state whether the Ten ranks between Ace and King or between Jack and Nine, but the order in which he specifies their values is Ace, Ten, King, etc., and it makes more sense for the Ten to rank high in view of the trading rule.
		Willughby seems to state that even a player who has lost all his lives may challenge, but does not specify how the challenger is penalised if mistaken.
		Willughby observes, reasonably enough, that the loader you want to get rid of will be unguarded, but does not make a rule of it.
	www.davidparlett.co.uk /histocs/losinglo.html

	Game Report: Ruff and Trump
		Willughby does not address the question of what happens when someone miscounts their ruff; I would presume that they must pay a forfeit, and the true winner counts the 12 points instead.
		Willughby isn't entirely explicit, but it appears likely that each pip card is worth the number of pips it shows, court cards are worth ten, and Aces are worth eleven.
		Willughby states that, in a 3 player game, a set consists of 40 points, and in a 2 player game, it is 36.
	jducoeur.org /game-hist/game-recon-ruff-and-trump.html

	John Ray
		The Ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the County of Warwick...
		After this he acted as chaplain and tutor to Francis Willughby and Philip Skippon, both of whom were gentlemen who had been students at Trinity and who accompanied him on a series of travels throughout the 1660s.
		Willughby’s notes mainly concerned worms and leeches, while Ray was lucky to have access to the researches of Martin Lister (who had discussed these topics with Ray and his colleagues on the continent in the mid-1660s) on spiders and beetles.
	www.thoemmes.com /dictionaries/ray.htm

	Parlett on Laugh & Lie Down
		Willughby actually says: "Whatever is overseen [= overlooked] is his that can catch it first".
		Since Willughby refers to the last capture as the last 'trick', I use the term 'trick' throughout to designate any such capture.
		It is unclear whether this means first in time or first in rotation, but it probably means the former, as it is quite clear that this is a fun game.
	www.davidparlett.co.uk /histocs/laughand.html

	In Constant Blue and Faithful Green
		Sir Francis Willughby gives us a full listing of the rules for both nodde and cribbage, as well as a hybrid form of the two, in Francis Willughby's Book of Games (unfinished at author's death, 1679).
		Willughby lists a few questions that he had about the rules of nodde that remained unanswered in his text at the time of his death (and subsequent publication of his manuscript).
		Willughby’s design is asymmetrical, showing 16 holes on the far left hand row, and 17 on the opposing row on the far right.
	www.seamchecker.com /nodde.htm

	Search Results for "Francis"
		Francis, Saint, or Saint Francis of Assisi (se´ze) (KEY), 1182?-1226, founder of the Franciscans, one of the greatest Christian saints, b.
		Francis I, king of France, 1494-1547, king of France (1515-47), known as Francis of Angouleme before he succeeded his cousin and father-in-law, King Louis XII.
		Francis Joseph, or Franz Joseph, 1830-1916, emperor of Austria (1848-1916), king of Hungary (1867-1916), nephew of Ferdinand, who abdicated in his favor.
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=col65&query=Francis

	Rare Fishbooks
		Willughby described and dissected all the fishes and Ray arranged them under classes and families.
		But Willughby and Ray occasionally failed to recognize that some species were identical to others taken from the preceding works, so there is some duplication (Pietsch, 1995).
		The Historia Piscium, although it bears only Willughby’s name (1635-1672) on the title page, is in large part the work of John Ray (1627-1705).
	www.rarefishbooks.com /ebooks/EWILL1.htm

	Muse: Mystery Writer
		In several places we could see Francis Willughby's handwriting on top of the mystery writer's: he changed "them" to "him," "who ever" to "whoever," "forth" to "fourth," and "roung" to "round." Apparently the writer wasn't too good at spelling, even by the standards of the 1600s.
		Willughby belonged to a wealthy family from Nottinghamshire; his father had been knighted, and his son would eventually be made a lord.
		Willughby was interested in games as folklore and as mathematical exercises, but he also describes them so accurately you can actually play them.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4136/is_200403/ai_n9361421

	Cite: Francis Willughby's Volume of Plaies
		Willughby covers virtually all aspects of "gaming", both tabletop and active, and views all of them with a scholar's eye; his attention to detail is far greater than that of any of his contemporaries.
		The book is invaluable for any serious study of games in the 17th century, and I recommend highly that any serious student of games pick it up as soon as it is generally available.
	jducoeur.org /game-hist/willughby.html

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: Francis Willughby's Book of Games: A Seventeenth Century Treatise on Sports, Games and Pastimes
		Willughby had been admitted to the Royal Society in 1661 and for a number of years prior to that had been collaborating with the naturalist John Ray.
		As well as a biography of Willughby and a detailed description of his manuscript, a substantial glossary of games and obsolete terms is provided, together with a bibliography of Willughby's literary remains and more general reference works.
		It is clear that Willughby's "Book of Games" was highly influenced by his scientific pursuits and was an extension of his natural history work, utilising the same skills of systematic observation, description and classification.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/1859284604

	Higgins Armory Museum - News: Press Releases
		Francis Willughby's Book of Games, a transcription of seventeenth-century manuscript at the University of Nottingham, England, describes and diagrams sports and games in the 1660s.
		This edition, co-authored with Dorothy Johnston of the University of Nottingham and David Cram of Jesus College, Oxford, has the addition of significant commentary by the authors, and a biography of the manuscript's author, Francis Willughby.
		Francis Willughby's Book of Games is published by Ashgate Publishing, Leicester, UK.
	www.higgins.org /News/twobooks.shtml

	Ornithology Collections in the Libraries at Cornell University: A Descriptive Guide
		In the 17th century Francis Willughby [1635-1672] and John Ray [1627-1705], working together until Willughby's death at age thirty-seven, created the first major ornithology classification system based on function and morphology rather than on form or behavior combined with structure.
		During that period, however, five major figures should be noted, all of whom are well represented in the Hill Ornithology Collection: Pierre Belon, Konrad Gesner, Ulisse Aldrovandi, Francis Willughby, and John Ray.
		Willughby's Ornithologiae libri tres (1676), completed by Ray and published after Willughby's death, is considered the beginning of scientific ornithology in Europe.
	rmc.library.cornell.edu /ornithology/guide/hillguide07.htm

	JRULM: Images of Birds: Case 15: The Quest for Birds
		He constructed a catalogue of plants, and then agreed with Francis Willughby to attempt a systematic description of the whole organic world.
		Born in Flintshire, he became interested in ornithology when given Francis Willughby's book Ornithology.
		Ray was to undertake the plant section and Willughby the animal world.
	rylibweb.man.ac.uk /data1/dg/exhibition/birds/case15.html

	Ichthyology
		During the 1600s, explorers found new types of fish; George Markgraf's Naturalis Brasilae added another 100 species, and in 1686 the Historia Piscium of John Ray and Francis Willughby described over 400 species.
		The title "father of ichthyology" belongs to Peter Artedi, a student of Linnaeus who identified five orders of "fishes" (including cetaceans) and divided those into genera.
		Little additional work is known until the 1500s, when Guillaume Rondelet published his De Piscibus Marinum describing 244 species.
	1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/i/ic/ichthyology.html

	John Ray
		After the early death of Sir Francis Willughby in 1672, Ray fulfilled his duty as trustee of the education of Willughby’s children by living at Middleton Hall in Derbyshire as their tutor.
		His main colleague was Sir Francis Willughby, whose interest in animals complemented Ray’s in plants.
		A small pension from Willughby’s will enabled Ray to spend the rest of his life working as a scientist and theological writer, rather than seeking fresh posts as an itinerant tutor working at various country estates.
	www.jri.org.uk /ray/cal/johnray.htm

	ALDROVANDI, Ulisse., De Piscibus Libri V. Et De Cetis Lib. Unus; Ioannes Cornelius Uterverius collegit. Marc Antonivs Bernia in lucem restituit... cum indice copiosissimo.
		Francis Willughby's copy, with his signature and shelf-mark on title, and a number of marginal markins presumably in his hand.
		Francis Willughby's copy of the fourth edition (first 1613).
		Ulisse Aldrovandi's unprecedented survey of the fish species was conceived as part of the author's extraordinarily ambitious project to build the first complete 'scientific' zoological encyclopedia.
	www.polybiblio.com /finch/86285.html

	tennis.html
		Willughby, Francis, A Volume of Playes, unpublished manuscript c.
		(This manuscript has recently been published with commentary as Francis Willughby's Book of Games: A Seventeenth Century Treatise on Sports, Games, and Pastimes by Francis Willughby, Jeffrey L Forgeng (Editor), Dorothy Johnston (Editor), David Cram (Editor), Clive L. Hardy)
		While a bit late, Willughby provides this description of a tennis ball: "The ball is made of taylors' shreds beaten by a hammer & shaped in a wooden mould; then it's hard tyed about with packthread.
	www.employees.org /~cathy/tennis.html

	audubon2.html
		--The English ornithologist Francis Willughby had studied at Cambridge and toured on the continent with his better-known Cambridge friend, John Ray.
		Willughby had completed the text (in Latin) before his premature death, and Ray then expanded it and saw into print both Latin and English editions.
		Together, they sought to bring previous work on birds into an orderly classification, rejecting the classical and mythological vestiges still included by Aldrovandi and others.
	www.sc.edu /library/spcoll/audubon/audubon2.html

	Ray, John
		With naturalist Francis Willughby (1635-1672), Ray toured Europe 1663-66, and on their return to England, Ray lived at Willughby's home, where they collaborated on publishing the results of their studies.
		After Willughby's death, Ray remained in the Willughby household until 1678, and then returned to the village where he was born.
		Ray and Willughby then began working on a definitive catalogue and classification of all known plants and animals.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/R/Ray/1.html

	art4
		Francis Willughby travelled widely in Britain and Europe during the 1660s - studying and recording birds - until his death in 1672.
		His friend John Ray brought out Willughby's "Ornithologia" in 1676.
		This was the first standard illustrated textbook on British birds.
	canaryclassics.mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /Art/albin.html

	Willughby : De historia piscium
		The cost of producing a magnificent volume such as Willughby's Historia priscium was substantial.
		This book was sponsored by the financially strapped Royal Society in the mid-1680s and it proved to be a financial burden to the Society, preventing the Society from publishing Newton's Principia.
		John Ray edited the posthumous volume and the Dean of Christ Church Oxford, John Fell, supervised its printing even though it was a Royal Society publication.
	www.library.usyd.edu.au /libraries/rare/modernity/willughby.html

	November 29: John Ray
		Though Francis died in 1672 at the age of 37, he left John a stipend in his will, and John faithfully edited and published Willughby's notes on birds and fishes while continuing his own work on plants.
		J ohn Ray and his friend Francis Willughby made an amazing pact together: they would make a systematic description of all the plants and animals of the world!
		Their descriptions were to be totally based on observations; they would not include the mythical creatures often added by naturalists to previous works.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2003/11/daily-11-29-2003.shtml

	Francis Willughby (b.1635, d.1672) - Curriculum vitae (CV)
		Francis Willughby (b.1635, d.1672) - Curriculum vitae (CV)
	www.getcited.org /mbrz/10084024

	HANCOCK HOUSE PUBLISHERS - Falconry in Literature - Added Photos
		Woodcut, from John Ray's The Ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton.
		Woodcut, from John Ray's The Ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton, London: John Martyn, 1678.
	www.hancockhouse.com /products/fallit_pics.htm

	baackgammon rule
		Yesterday, I received my copy of of Francis Willughby's Book of Games,
		Willughby also mentions the vie applied to baackgammon rule the card game Gleek.
		Willughby also has rules for the game of Ticktack, a
	www.exploding.ws /BaackgammonRule.html

	Development of Evolutionary Thought
		Forced to resign his Fellowship at the university, he was sponsored by his friend Francis Willughby (1635 - 1672), who shared Ray's scientific interests, to develop his catalogues of the living world.
		Ray was a brilliant student who, unusually for his time, did not take holy orders on completing his degree at Cambridge (largely due to the social and religious upheavals associated with the Civil War, but also because of his own personal beliefs).
		Ray's particular interests lay with plants, for which he developed an early classification system based on physiology and anatomy.
	sci.waikato.ac.nz /evolution/DevelopmentEvolThought.shtml

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