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Topic: Francium

	CRCPress Periodic Table Online: Cadmium
		Francium, the heaviest known member of the alkali metal series, occurs as a result of an alpha disintegration of actinium.
		Because all known isotopes of francium are highly unstable, knowledge of the chemical properties of this element comes from radiochemical techniques.
		It is thought that the francium atoms could serve as miniature laboratories for probing interactions between electrons and quarks.
	www.chemnetbase.com /periodic_table/elements/francium.htm (290 words)

	Francium
		Francium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Fr and atomic number 87.
		Francium is the heaviest alkali metal and occurs as a result of actinium's alpha decay and can be artificially made by bombarding thorium with protons.
		Chemically, the properties of francium are closest to those of caesium.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fr/Francium.html (217 words)

	Francium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Francium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Fr and atomic number 87.
		Francium is the least electronegative of all the known elements, with caesium as its runner up.
		There are 34 known isotopes of francium (with the mass number between 199 and 232), and 11 metastable states.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Francium (406 words)

	Francium - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
		Francium (symbol Fr, atomic number 87) is a radioactive alkali metal found in uranium and thorium ore in France.
		Francium was nonetheless soon put to use by Free French forces as the prinicpal ingredient in freedom fries.
		While there are 41 known isotopes of francium, with at most a 22 minute half life these exist primarily to provoke various negative chemical reactions from certain isotopes of americium.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Francium (326 words)

	Chemistry : Periodic Table : francium : key information
		Francium occurs as a result of α disintegration of actinium.
		Francium is found in uranium minerals, and can be made artificially by bombarding thorium with protons.
		Francium is vanishingly rare and is found only as very small traces in some uranium minerals.
	www.webelements.com /webelements/elements/text/Fr/key.html (272 words)

	Francium
		Francium has a half-life of 3.2 minutes and can be created either by shooting beams of oxygen at a target of gold, or by smashing protons into Thorium.
		Francium is in group one of the periodic table, the
		Francium is the most unstable of the first 101 elements and reacts violently with water.
	www.mvschools.org /ms/projects/html/red/francium.htm (296 words)

	francium. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Francium is extremely rare; its most stable isotope (half-life about 22 minutes) occurs naturally, to a very limited extent, in uranium minerals.
		More than 30 other isotopes of francium are known; some are prepared by bombarding thorium with protons, deuterons, or alpha particles.
		Francium is one of the alkali metals found in group Ia of the periodic table.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/francium.html (185 words)

	Francium - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Even though it naturally occurs in uranium minerals, it has been estimated that there might be less than 30 grams of francium in the crust of the earth at any one time.
		At and is the only isotope of francium that occurs naturally.
		A small number of pictures of francium have been taken but only of at the most 200,000 atoms at a time.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Francium (341 words)

	Francium (Fr) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects
		Francium is the least electronegative of all the known elements.
		Nevertheless it has been estimated that there might be from 340 to 550 grams of francium in the earth's crust at any one time.
		Francium is the second rarest element in the crust, after astatine.
	www.lenntech.com /Periodic-chart-elements/Fr-en.htm (177 words)

	Chemical Information for Element 87 - Francium
		Perey termed this element francium (in honour of her native France) and in 1949, the IUC (International Union of Chemists) adopted this name and assigned the symbol Fr to the new element.
		The francium isotopes with the longest half-lives are
		The amount of francium that passes into mercury at a given potential is less than that of caesium; this proves that francium is separated at a more negative potential than caesium.
	www.andyscouse.com /pages/francium.htm (2149 words)

	Francium
		Francium, the heaviest known member of the alkali metals series, occurs as a reult of an alpha disintegration of actinium.
		This is the only isotope of francium occurring in nature.
		Because all known isotopes of francium are highly unstable, knowledge of the chemical properties of this element comes from radiochemical techniques.
	www.corrosionsource.com /handbook/periodic/87.htm (147 words)

	Physical and Chemical Properties of Francium - Periodic Table of the Elements
		Francium is the heaviest known member of the alkali metals series.
		All known isotopes of francium are highly unstable, so knowledge of the chemical properties of this element comes from radiochemical techniques.
		Francium occurs as a result of an alpha disintegration of actinium.
	chemistry.allinfoabout.com /periodic/fr.html (218 words)

	Francium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Francium, Fr, is a radioactive alkali metal element, found in Group Ia of the periodic table.
		Francium is an unstable element that occurs in ultra trace amounts in rocks, and less than 30 grams exists on Earth.
		Francium is found in uranium and thorium ores.
	www.ucc.ie /ucc/depts/chem/dolchem/html/elem/elem087.html (53 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Francium
		Francium was discovered by Marguerite Catherine Perey, a French chemist, in 1939 while analyzing actinium's decay sequence.
		Francium can be produced by bombarding thorium with protons or by bombarding radium with neutrons.
		Francium's most stable isotope, francium-223, has a half-life of about 22 minutes.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele087.html (122 words)

	Francium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Francium was discovered in 1939 by French scientist Margureite Perey.
		Francium is a radioactive element that is produced in certain nuclear reactions.
		There is only one ounce of natural francium in the soil and rock of the earth.
	www.carondelet.pvt.k12.ca.us /Moles/FranciumStory.htm (277 words)

	Michael Swanwick's Periodic Table of Science Fiction
		Francium is the most Gallic of all elements.
		Francium is … well, let's be honest here.
		C'est la vie, as francium itself would say with that inimitably gallic shrug of its shoulders.
	www.scifi.com /scifiction/elements/francium.html (270 words)

	Francium - ExampleProblems.com
		Even though it naturally occurs in uranium minerals, it has been estimated that there might be less than 30 grams of francium in the Earth's crust at any one time.
		There are 41 known isotopes of francium, the most of any element.
		O nuclei are accelerated to an energy of 100 MeV, to have sufficient energy to fuse with a gold nucleus and create nuclei of francium.
	www.exampleproblems.com /wiki/index.php?title=Francium&redirect=no (323 words)

	The Element Francium
		An extremely unstable radioactive element of the alkali metals, produced artificially from actinum or thorium, having approximately 19 isotopes, the most stable of which is Fr 223 with a half-life of 21 minutes.
		Francium was discovered by Marguerite Derey of the Curie Institute in Paris in 1939.
		Check out Francium on the Periodic Table which arranges each chemical element according to its atomic number, as based on the periodic law, so that chemical elements with similar properties are in the same column.
	www.periodic-table.org.uk /element-francium.htm (318 words)

	Francium--Fr
		Francium, the 87th element, is a radioactive member of the alkali group, with a valence of +1.
		In the entire crust of the earth, there is less than an ounce of Fr, and this exists in uranium minerals.
		It is the most unstable of the first 101 elements, since the longest lived isotope, Francium 223, has a half life of 22 minutes.
	members.tripod.com /~LauraAndromeda/francium.html (165 words)

	francium - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Francium is extremely rare; its most stable isotope (half-life about 22 minutes) occurs naturally, to a very limited extent, in uranium minerals.
		Francium is one of the alkali metals found in Group 1 of the periodic table.
		Because it is so rare, its chemical and physical properties are not known, but it is believed to resemble cesium.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-francium.html (325 words)

	Stony Brook scientists trap FranciumThe Animator Applet
		Francium is the rarest naturally occurring element, with less than thirty grams on the whole earth at any given time.
		Francium was discovered in 1939 by Marguerite Perey at the Curie Institute in Paris, and it was named after her country.
		The francium is realeased from the gold as an ion and is transported to an yttrium foil where it is neutralized and injected into the glass bulb.
	www.physics.sunysb.edu /Physics/news_francium4.htm (1140 words)

	Francium, element number 87 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Francium was discovered by Mile Marguerite of the Curie Institute of Paris in 1939.
		Francium is the heaviest of the known members of the alkali metals.
		All known isotopes of Francium are highly unstable, so knowledge of the chemical properties of this element comes from radiochemical technique.
	home.earthlink.net /~danieldorsey/periodictable/087.htm (240 words)

	Francium
		Francium like all alkali metals is in group 1 of the periodic table these elements have the tendency to be some what unstable.
		Francium is the heaviest of the alkali metals; it is the most electropositive element.
		All its isotopes are radioactive and short-lived (in other words Francium is only found in radio active form).
	users.libero.it /rafferty/francium.htm (106 words)

	Francium
		Francium is the least stable of the first 103 elements, making the measurement of its properties a considerable challenge.
		In nature it is found only in trace amounts in uranium deposits where it is produced in the uranium-235 decay series.
		Interest in francium comes from the theoretical indications tha its heavy, unstable nucleus would provide a sensitive test for electron-quark interactions (weak interaction).
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /HBASE/pertab/fr.html (178 words)

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