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	- Classical Music Dictionary - Free MP3
		Franco Alfano was born in Posillipo, near Naples, on 8 March, 1875.
		Alfano also served as director of the Opera section of the "Accademia di Santa Cecilia" in Rome (1942-1947) and of the Conservatorio Rossini of Pesaro (1947-1950).
		Alfano reconstructed the Opera in 1951-52 using as a basis the unpublished score adaptation for pianoforte as well as his recollection of the original.
	www.karadar.com /Dictionary/alfano.html (632 words)

	Franco Alfano - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Franco Alfano (March 8, 1875 – October 27, 1954) was an Italian composer and pianist.
		Until recent times, musical histories usually gave the year of Alfano's birth, incorrectly, as 1876.
		Fanfare Sept/Oct 98-99 gives the following information: Alfano's reputation suffers because (a) he should not be judged as a composer on the basis of the task he was given in completing Turandot (La Scala, April 25, 1926), (b) "we almost never hear everything he wrote for Turandot--the standard ending heavily edits Alfano's work."
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Franco_Alfano (674 words)

	Metropolitan Opera International Radio Broadcast Information Center - 2006-07 Broadcasts
		Franco Alfano was born in Posillipo, near Naples, in 1875.
		Alfano heard the complete orchestrations of the first two acts just twenty days before his own draft was due; there simply was no time for him to completely familiarize himself with Puccini’s orchestral intentions for the work.
		Alfano was interested in expressing the drama of the story through each musical moment, rather than using the plot as a mere vehicle for musical effects.
	www.operainfo.org /broadcast/composer.cgi?id=113&language=1 (640 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Arts \| \| Winner by a nose
		Alfano's completion was, however, subsequently published and performed in the version hacked about by Toscanini, and it is this that is still standard in the world's opera houses today - though occasional revivals of his longer original (belatedly premiered in a concert performance at the Barbican in 1982) have shown it to be far superior.
		Alfano's own favourite of his operas was the 1921 La Leggenda di Sakùntala, which marked a decisive move from the usually contemporary urban milieux favoured by the realists into the realms of the exotic and the mystical.
		Based on a work by the 4th- or 5th-century Sanskrit writer Kaalidaasa, Alfano's libretto charts the progress of the female hermit Sakùntala from her remote forest monastery to a mystical apotheosis when her child is acknowledged as the future king.
	arts.guardian.co.uk /filmandmusic/story/0,,1757370,00.html (1190 words)

	Turandot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Puccini's son Tonio objected, and eventually Franco Alfano was chosen to flesh out the sketches.
		Alfano provided a first version of the ending with a few passages of his own, and even a few sentences added to the libretto which was not considered complete even by Puccini himself.
		Ricordi's real concern was not the quality of Alfano's work, but that he wanted the end of Turandot to sound as if it had been written by Puccini, and Alfano's editing had to be seamless.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turandot (2167 words)

	ALFANO Cyrano de Bergerac[RB]: Classical CD Reviews- Feb 2003 MusicWeb(UK) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Indeed Alfano's greatest hit Sakuntala could only be revived in Pesaro because Alfano had to rewrite the score because the original score and orchestral material had been obliterated when the Allied bombing of Milan destroyed the Ricordi archives in 1942.
		Alfano was attracted to the subject but Cain's fee was felt to be unreasonably high.
		Alfano, at this stage in his career, was writing in an opulently tonal style.
	www.musicweb.uk.net /classrev/2003/Feb03/alfano.htm (1457 words)

	FRANCO ALFANO [EN]
		Franco Alfano was born at Posillipo, near Naples, on March 8 1875 and died at San Remo on October 27 1954.
		Alfano was appointed director of the Liceo Musicale (later Conservatory) of Turin in 1923, remaining there until 1939.
		Alfano's output of songs is dominated by the four main groups of Tagore settings: chips from his operatic workshop, sometimes profoundly Debussian in conception, yet always with a highly personal touch.
	www.rodoni.ch /malipiero/alfanobioingl.html (748 words)

	ALFANO ENGLISH
		Alfano “fraternises” with Tagore in the unique quality of the feelings in which the ecstatic joy of the senses and religion for Nature form a single myth of love.
		What is certain is that both the poetry and the music burn with erotic content, with that eroticism that is so frequent in mystics of all ages and places which, in its transcendent search for the divine expresses itself in a manner similar to sensual, earthly love.
		Alfano’s musical vision is a secret song that does not involve long developments and is held mainly within the central register, never pushing the voice to extreme limits, as indeed befits Tagore’s platonic lyricism.
	www.arpnet.it /rgauche/SITORIVE_ALFANOENGLISH.HTML (1434 words)

	Giacomo Puccini - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The last two scenes were completed by Franco Alfano.
		When the opera was premiered by Toscanini, in front of a sold out crowd with every prominent Italian in attendance (with the exception of Benito Mussolini), he had chosen not to perform the score by Alfano.
		Turandot, left unfinished in 1924 by the time of the composer's death, it was premiered in 1926 in a version completed by Franco Alfano.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Giacomo_Puccini (1830 words)

	PlaybillArts: Features: Beauty v. Spirit
		Alfano's mother was French and his interest and understanding of that country's literature contributed to his desire in acquiring the work's rights.
		Alfano, like many of his contemporaries, is only now beginning to enjoy a long awaited and deserved renaissance, affording present operatic audiences the opportunity to rediscover important and worthy compositions that are capable of enthralling the public with their combination of literature, drama, finely-wrought orchestrations, and intense emotional appeal.
		Alfano has fully captured the thwarted feelings and frustrations of an individual unable to live his desire and only having the courage of expression when it is too late.
	www.playbillarts.com /features/article/1668.html (1794 words)

	Franco Alfano Biography
		He was was born in Posillipo, near Naples, on 8 March, 1875.
		Today he is perhaps best known for completing Giacomo Puccini's unfinished opera Turandot in 1926.
		Alfano died in San Remo on 27 October, 1954.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Alfano_Franco.html (66 words)

	Franco Alfano: Symp;honies 1 & 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		To the degree that Franco Alfano (1875-1954) is remembered today outside Italy it is primarily for his completion of Puccini's last opera, 'Turandot,' at the request of the Ricordi publishing house after Puccini died before finishing that opera's third act.
		Be that as it may, Alfano in his own time was a fairly successful operatic composer and he is remembered for three in particular: 'Risurrezione,' based on Tolstoy's 'Resurrection,' 'Sakï¿½ntala,' based on a Sanskrit tale, and more recently 'Cyrano de Bergerac,' based on Rostand's famous play.
		Considering that Alfano knuckled under to the demand of the Italian Fascist arts committee to make his music more accessible to the masses, one wonders if this ironic allegro is his Shostakovian nose-thumbing at the powers-that-were.
	www.free-flash-games.org /store/isbnB0007ORDQS.html (1351 words)

	Los Angeles Opera stages 'Turandot' with a new ending by Berio -- 27 May 2002
		Whether the justly maligned banal ending that Toscanini commissioned from Franco Alfano will be retired remains to be seen.
		Alfano settled for a loud, happy ending, recycling what he could from the earlier parts of the score.
		Franco Farina was a truly heroic Calaf, his seeming inclination for excess held back by Nagano.
	www.operaheb.co.il /news/enews/enews2002/enews052702.html (923 words)

	The Musical Times: Aspects of Alfano
		Franco Sciannameo reappraises the achievement of the little-known Italian composer
		Lualdi, the meeting’s chronicler,1 wrote that the historical encounter between the leader of the country and ‘the most neglected category of Italian artists’ went very well, thus adding a special flavour to the ‘fettuccine al burro’ the musicians savoured at the celebrated restaurant Alfredo, in the nearby Via della Scrofa.
		By hoping for his paternalistic omnipresence, these highly creative individuals did indeed contribute to the perpetration of the Mussolini myth, perhaps in tune with the popular saying that ‘Mussolini was everywhere and heard everything’.
	www.musicaltimes.co.uk /archive/0204/aspects.html (443 words)

	Amazon.com: Cyrano De Bergerac: Music: Alfano,Uhl,Arnold,Klein,Bernhard,Frank (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		I am delighted to think that Placido Domingo is bring Alfano's Cyrano to the Met stage in May, and that a DVD of Roberto Alagna's performance of this opera in Montpellier, France is due to be released in Europe at the end of February.
		Franco Alfano has for so many years now been regarded as a historical footnote, and been heaped with abuse over his supposedly "unworthy" completion of Turandot.
		Alfano's music blends Puccinian lyricism and verismo passion with a strong dose of Debussian Impressionism, and a tinge of Strauss's harmony.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B000076HL2?v=glance (1999 words)

	TIME Europe Magazine: Beginning Of the End -- Aug. 26, 2002/Vol. 160 No. 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Puccini died in 1924 before completing Turandot, and the score was finished by his student Franco Alfano in 1926.
		Step forward Alfano, who shifts the focus back to Calaf with a blast of trumpets as the young prince wins Turandot's heart with a knock-'em-dead kiss.
		When trumpets blare, it's not with Alfano's triumphalism, but with violence — reminding us that Turandot's ancestor was raped, hence her vicious revenge on men.
	www.time.com /time/europe/magazine/printout/0,13155,338591,00.html (698 words)

	Land of Puccini - Giacomo Puccini's Turandot (Librettist: Giuseppe Adami, Renato Simoni) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The publisher elected Franco Alfano for the job, a choice readily accepted by Toscannini and the composer's son, Antonio.
		Alfano was a distinguished teacher and composer, and had enjoyed respectable success with his own operas.
		He completed Puccini's Turandot, based on the composer's own musical notes and sketches, and the opera was premiered in Milan at La Scala on April 25, 1925.
	www.landofpuccini.com /eng/turandot.asp (1150 words)

	PlaybillArts: Features: What’s Old Is New... Again
		Poor Franco Alfano found himself in a terrible dilemma: a high profile assignment that nonetheless was full of traps.
		Alfano studied and performed in Berlin and Paris as a young man and his music is full of the sounds of his own time.
		Alfano might have wondered if the old muse of Italian opera was somehow being shoved into the shadows, just like poor Cyrano.
	www.playbillarts.com /features/article/1884.html (1637 words)

	Classics Today.com - Your Online Guide to Classical Music
		Franco Alfano (1876-1954) is known today mostly for having finished Puccini's Turandot, a feat for which he has gathered almost universal scorn.
		But Alfano's own voice may be precisely that--a melting pot of late Romanticism--and it can be fascinating.
		By the time Cyrano woos Roxane in Christian's place, which unfolds during an exquisite, hypnotic, ecstatic final quarter-hour of the second act, we are tempted to return to the beginning with a fresh ear.
	www.classicstoday.com /review.asp?ReviewNum=6052 (529 words)

	Grandi Tenori.com » Audio of the Month (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Toscanini’s nod in favour of Alfano was decisive, having been impressed by Alfano’s exotic opera success at Bologna, La Leggenda di Sakùntala (1921).
		In 2000, composer Luciano Berio was commissioned by Casa Ricordi to elaborate a new composition and orchestration for Puccini’s Turandot’s finale as an alternative to that of Franco Alfano with which the opera normally ends.
		However, one undisputable fact stands out: the stylistic difference between Puccini and Alfano was too great and the creative imagination between the two was too different.
	www.grandi-tenori.com /am/am.2003.09.php (1379 words)

	Casa Ricordi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The legacy of Wagner (above all that transmitted through the work of Richard Strauss); the influence of Debussy; and later (around the Twenties) the numerous facets of neo-classicism; these were the main elements that made a strong poetic impact on the whole of the “1880 Generation”.
		Alfano’s music can be seen as one of the freshest, and most sensitive, responses to this tendency.
		Ricordi, which has published all of Alfano’s most important works, has promoted their diffusion throughout the world in thousands of performances.
	www.ricordi.com /Compositori/Dettaglio.asp?IdCompositore=28 (457 words)

	Amazon.ca: Alfano, Franco: DVD: George Blume,Roberto Alagna,Nathalie Manfrino,Richard Troxell,Nicolas Rivenq,Marc ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		He is well-supported by a cast that clearly loves the story, its various characters and its often brilliant dialogue.
		Franco Alfano is best-known for his completion of Turandot which was not quite finished at Puccini's death.
		The opera also exists in an Italian translation, but Alfano originally used the superior French text by Henri Cain, which is used in this production.
	www.amazon.ca /Alfano-Franco-George-Blume/dp/B0007RO4IA (479 words)

	Franco Alfano - Free Music Downloads, Videos, CDs, MP3s, Bio, Merchandise and Links
		Alfano studied privately with Longo, Nardis and Serrao at the Conservatorio di S Pietro a Maiella, Naples and later in Leipzig with Jadassohn.
		He spent most of his career as a professor of composition and opera and as an administrator at conservatories throughout Italy.
		Outside of Italy, Alfano is remembered as the composer who..
	www.artistdirect.com /nad/music/artist/card/0,,396414,00.html (138 words)

	Cyrano de Bergerac at the Metropolitan Opera - New York Magazine Classical Music Review
		Later on, the score of Alfano’s reputed masterpiece, La Leggenda di Sakùntala of 1921, was destroyed in a World War II bombardment and had to be reconstructed from scratch, while his other operas have been almost totally neglected.
		Cyrano is a late work, from 1936 (Alfano died in 1954), and here, working with a French libretto by Henri Cain, the composer finds the ideal reconciliation between his early lyrical manner and later methods of creating a refined poetic atmosphere.
		It’s still fashionable for superior people to denigrate Alfano and the other Italian composers of his generation, a creatively diverse and musically sophisticated group despite their basically conservative idiom.
	newyorkmetro.com /nymetro/arts/music/classical/reviews/12043 (822 words)

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