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	Babeuf, Francois Noel. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Calling himself Gracchus Babeuf, he formed a secret society that plotted to overthrow the government; it became known as the Conspiracy of the Equals.
		His doctrines, however, known as Babouvism, were kept alive, largely by secret revolutionary societies and by his co-conspirators.
		by J. Scott with an essay by H. Marcuse (1967); P. Buonarroti, History of Babeuf’s Conspiracy for Equality (1836); and biography by R. Rose (1978).
	www.bartleby.com /65/ba/Babeuf-F.html (280 words)

	Francois Noel Babeuf: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Francois Noel Babeuf
		On the eve of the Revolution Babeuf was in the employ of a land surveyor at Roye[?].
		Babeuf now returned to Paris, and on September 3 1794 published the first number of his Journal de la liberté de la presse, the title of which was altered on 5 October 1794 to Le Tribun du peuple.
		Babeuf's song Mourant de faim, mourant de froid (Dying of hunger, dying of cold), set to a popular air, began to be sung in the cafés, with immense applause; and reports circulated that the disaffected troops in the camp of Crenelle[?] were ready to join an émeute against the government.
	www.encyclopedian.com /gr/Gracchus-Babeuf.html (1843 words)

	François-Noël Babeuf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		François-Noël Babeuf (November 23, 1760 - April 7, 1797), known as Gracchus Babeuf, was a French political agitator and journalist of the revolutionary period.
		The execution of Robespierre on July 28 1794 had ended the Reign of Terror, and Babeuf - now self-styled "Gracchus" Babeuf in memory of the Gracchi - defended the men of 9 Thermidor and attacked the fallen terroristss with his usual violence.
		Babeuf and Darthé were guillotined at Vendôme on Prairial 8 (1797).
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/francois_noel_babeuf (1788 words)

	MIA - Sezione italiana: Enciclopedia Marxista
		Il 10 maggio 1796 i capi della «Lega» vengono arrestati e Babeuf condannato a morte.
		Il soprannome Gracco (col quale firmò spesso i suoi articoli) è ispirato alla figura di Caio Gracco che, da tribuno della plebe nel 123 a.C., con suo fratello Tiberio, fu fautore di una riforma agraria a favore della plebe.
		Babeuf, conclude Labriola [Del materialismo storico], “fu vero eroe di tragedia antica, che dà di cozzo nel fato, per la ignorata incongruenza del proprio disegno con la condizione economica del tempo, non atta ancora a mettere su la scena politica un proletariato fornito di esplicita coscienza di classe”.
	www.marxists.org /italiano/enciclopedia/b.htm (8249 words)

	The Doctrine of Graccus Babeuf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		But the leader of the group, the journalist Francois Noel Babeuf, who had indicated his choice of spiritual antecedents by styling himself "Gracchus," used the trial as an opportunity to denounce the decline of the Revolution, and to restate its aims in terms of a vision of communist egalitarianism.
		Babeuf was sentenced to death, along with Darthe, another of the group's leaders, and they were executed the following year; the others were sentenced to short terms and ultimately released.
		Babeuf's later letters barely conceal his growing impatience with the mere play of sensibility that the dialogue was becoming.
	faculty.gilman.edu /US/JamieSpragins/Euro_Hum_2002-03/French%20Rev/doctrine_of_graccus_babeuf.htm (888 words)

	Lecture 19: The French Revolution and the Socialist Tradition: Early French Communists (1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Babeuf saw this constitution as a temporary measure because what he desired was a new dictatorial committee of public safety and ultimately, a collectivist state.
		Babeuf justified going to these lengths to preserve equality because he believed that people would continue to be unhappy without it.
		So, Babeuf openly declared that the state might have to be organized along despotic-military lines at least until the ignorant masses had been brought up to a particular consciousness of their own aims and interests.
	www.historyguide.org /intellect/lecture19a.html (4071 words)

	Francois Noel Babeuf Biography / Biography of Francois Noel Babeuf Main Biography
		The French political revolutionist and writer François Noel Babeuf (1760-1797) was active during the French Revolution.
		François Babeuf was born in Saint-Quentin on Nov. 25, 1760.
		However, their plan was betrayed by the spy Georges Grisel, and on May 10 Babeuf and the other leaders of the movement were arrested.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/francois-noel-babeuf (536 words)

	François-Noël Babeuf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		François-Noël Babeuf (November 23, 1760 - 1797), known as Gracchus Babeuf, was a French political agitator and journalist of the revolutionary period.
		The execution of Robespierre on July 28 1794 had ended the Reign of Terror, and Babeuf - now self-styled "Gracchus" Babeuf in memory of the Gracchi - defended the men of Thermidor and attacked the fallen terroristss with his usual violence.
		After the club of the Panthéon was closed by Bonaparte on [[February 27 1796, his aggressive activity redoubled.
	www.portaljuice.com /francois_noel_babeuf.html (1745 words)

	Francoir Noel Babeuf
		Francois Nöel Babeuf (1793 bis 1797 nach Christus)
		November November 1760 in Saint-Quentin geboren, war während des Ancien Regime als Landvermesser tätig, schloß sich 1789 der revolutionären Bewegung an und ging 1793 nach Paris.
		Babeuf wurde inhaftiert und ein Jahr darauf, am 18.
	www.weltchronik.de /bio/cethegus/b/babeuf.html (222 words)

	Babeuf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Babeuf defended the principles of the French Constitution of 1793 against the policies of the Directory (the executive between 1795-9).
		In 1796 he published a Manifesto advocating an equal distribution of land and income and a call for an insurrection against the Directory.
		Known as the 'Iron Chancellor' because of his anti-socialist legislation he instituted important social, economic and imperial policies and played a leading role in the European alliance systems.
	www.hyperhistory.com /online_n2/people_n2/politics_n2/babeuf.html (210 words)

	Francois-Noel Babeuf -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Babeuf, engraving by an unknown artist, 18th century
		byname Gracchus Babeuf early political journalist and agitator in Revolutionary France whose tactical strategies provided a model for left-wing movements of the 19th century and who was called Gracchus for the resemblance of his proposed agrarian reforms to those of the 2nd-century-
		The demand for the violent overthrow of government for the sake of economic justice was first heard during the 1790s in the turbulent years of the French Revolution.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9011605 (605 words)

	AllRefer.com - FranCois NoEl Babeuf (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		FranCois NoEl Babeuf[frANswA´ nOel´ bAbOf´] Pronunciation Key, 1760–97, French revolutionary, organizer of a communist uprising against the Directory.
		It distributed propaganda and announced a vague program of economic equality : the right of all men to work and to share in the products of the economy.
		See his Defense of Gracchus Babeuf before the High Court of VendOme, tr.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Babeuf-F.html (349 words)

	THE WORKING CLASSES AND SOCIALISM (1800-1896)
		When caught, Babeuf and his fellow conspirators were beheaded.
		The Conspiracy of Equals has been claimed by the Left as one of the early expressions of socialism, though its social goals were not really as radical as some had portrayed them.
		Nevertheless, Babeuf and his Italian comrade-in-arms Buonarotti inspired a post-Napoleonic generation of proto-communist revolutionary conspirators throughout Europe.
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/gbrown/westernciv/wc201/wciv2c19/wciv2c19lsec3.html (2646 words)

	Vive La Revolution : Reviews, Prices, Deals
		That is the story of the French Revolution that one expects a man with Mark Steel's background to focus upon instead of the tritely amusing but disappointing confection he has chosen to provide.
		One looks in vain for a eulogy to Francois-Noel Babeuf, the Editor of Tribun and someone whom the author cannot but recognise as a fellow traveller.
		Shame on you Mark - was it because you have too many `reasons to be cheerful'?.
	www.smartybrain.com /shop/product/0743208056/Vive_La_Revolution.html (143 words)

	Gracchus Babeuf Example Essays.com - Over 101,000 essays, term papers and book reports!
		Robespierre and Babeuf’s family are believed to from the same village.
		When Gracchus was born, his father was obtained the title of commissaire a terrier, his job was to keep straight the archives and transactions of feudal estates and through this Gracchus came to know the injustice of the Feudal system.
		This is also the way in which Babeuf really got into the whole revolution aspect, he saw how people in France were being treated, and poor there status was.
	www.exampleessays.com /viewpaper/29714.html (270 words)

	mm1171.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		>To: Jim Farr > >Francois-Noel Babeuf, the leader of the "Conspiracy of Equals" is is better >known as "Gracchus" Babeuf, his adopted name.
		During the Revolution he >founded a newspaper called _The Tribune o the People_, which began to >espouse his egalitarian ideas.
		A good brief overview of Babeuf and an >introductory bibliography to him and his role during the Revolution can be >found in Furet and Ozouf's _Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution_.
	www.wzip.uakron.edu /hfrance/archives/mm1171.htm (89 words)

	Communism
		Nearly forgotten today are the teachings of an agitator named Francois-Noel Babeuf.
		While in prison in Paris in 1795 he formulated a doctrine for equal distribution of land and income.
		No group of revolutionaries characterized themselves as communist until the late 1830s, when Babeuf's ideas were revived.
	library.thinkquest.org /13831/communis.html (1707 words)

	francois noel babeuf - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		We found 3 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word francois noel babeuf:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "francois noel babeuf" is defined.
		Babeuf, François Noël : Columbia Encyclopedia, Six Edition [home, info]
	onelook.com /?w=francois+noel+babeuf (84 words)

	[No title]
		Apparently a ref to Gaius Sempronius Gracchus; he and his followers occupied Aventine Hill and fortified it, but were killed by army; this was the end of Repblican Rome.
		Was tribune in 123 and 122 B.C. (Note: this is not a ref to "Gracchus" Babeuf, aka Francois-Noel Babeuf, who led 1796 "Conspiracy of Equals," a communist tradition of the Revolution.
		Marquis de Puysegur (Armand Marie Jacques de Chastenet) and Joseph Philippe Francois Deleuze, both of whom studied hypnotism and animal magnetism.
	home.intranet.org /~rkwong/LMannot1.html (731 words)

	Francois-Noel Babeuf -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		During the era of the French Revolution he advocated an equal distribution of land and income.
		His tactical strategies provided a model for left-wing movements of the 19th and 20th centuries.
		"Babeuf, François-Noël." Britannica Concise Encyclopedia from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article?tocId=9356294 (629 words)

	Power Struggle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This alone, of course is not sufficient for our definition of communism, and other communes include the Republic, as formulated by the Greek philosopher Plato in his book “The Republic”.
		The founder of Communism, however, is not popular Communist icon, Karl Marx, but rather a Frenchman, Francois-Noel Babeuf during the French Revolution; his ideas, however were never implemented as he was shortly executed after formulating it.
		However, the form of Communism we will concentrate on will be modern Communism as created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels as it was the ideology adopted by the American Communist Party, being that it was formulated in industrialised Germany and thus was relevant to the United States of America.
	home.pacific.net.sg /~tankokpieo/power2.htm (292 words)

	The Communist Manifesto Part II (1848) Archives - Politics - Hippyland
		It is summed up in the phrase: the bourgeois is a bourgeois -- for the benefit of the working class.
		We do not here refer to that literature which, in every great modern revolution, has always given voice to the demands of the proletariat, such as the writings of Babeuf [4] and others.
		[4] Francois Noel Babeuf (1760-1797): French political agitator; plotted unsuccessfully to destroy the Directory in revolutionary France and established a communistic system.
	www.hippy.com /php/article-220.html (6115 words)

	Babeuf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Posted by George Burkett on Sun, 24 Nov 2002, in response to Babeuf, posted by Anita Riddell on Tue, 23 Apr 2002
		Hi Anita - I was told by my dad we are direct decendants of Francois Noel Babeuf.
		Her father (according to her SS Card application) was Henry Babeuf, and her mother was Mary Colbert.
	www.genealogyforum.rootsweb.com /messages/genbbs.cgi/BA/371 (109 words)

	Francois-Noel Babeuf -- Compton's Desk Reference - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		Francois-Noel Babeuf -- Compton's Desk Reference - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		E-mail this article Print this article Cite this article
		"Babeuf, François-Noël." Compton's Desk Reference from Encyclopædia Britannica.
	deskreference.britannica.com /ebc/article?tocId=9356294 (126 words)

	E-nough!: Sleepless in...
		I just recently read Francois Noel Babeuf’s ”Graccus” and the Conspiracy of the Equals.
		I mention because Babeuf was a big fan of Rousseau’s second Discourse, as, I would imagine you are, no? My guess is you are also a fan of Babeuf?
		I find Babeufs interesting particularly on the part concerning abolizing property rights.
	www.e-nough.hmdnsgroup.com /archives/000197.html (2000 words)

	[No title]
		He called himself "Tribune of the People." He tried to incite soldiers to revolt, and had attracted some ex-Jacobins to his cause, but was arrested and executed in 1797.
		FTP, name this French socialist, author of the popular song, "Dying of Hunger, Dying of Cold." ANSWER: FRANCOIS* NOEL _BABEUF_ As a mulatto, he experienced discrimination from both fls and whites on his home island of Mauritius.
		In 1960, he settled in Paris and published frequently in Presence Africaine and other European journals.
	quizbowl.stanford.edu /archive/terrapin96/RMC.TXT (3617 words)

	Food For Thought: Biographies
		Bachaumont, Francois Le Coigneux de (French politician, wit)
		Beaumont, Francois de (Baron des Adrets) (French soldier)
		Berton, Henri "Francois" (French composer; son of Henri-Montan)
	www.junkfoodforthought.com /bio/bio_B.htm (1684 words)

	Clubbeaux
		It’s a great read as Muravchik follows socialism not as a bunch of dry, idiotic theories with statistics on Soviet grain production but as the story of the people who shaped it.
		He starts off in the French Revolution with Francois-Noel Babeuf, which is about where I am.
		It’s a source of constant amusement to Clubbeaux, the fascination Europe has with America, and how they always miss the whole point.
	clubbeaux.blogspot.com /2003_01_19_clubbeaux_archive.html (10903 words)

	Used Book Central Search / keyword(s): history finland
		To The Finland Station: A Study In The Writing And Acting Of History.
		Traces the history of Vico's idea that "the social world is the work of man." Traces this revolutionary view of society through Michelet, Taine, Renan and Anatole France; through the early socialists, Saint-Simon, Babeuf, Fourier, Owen and the American socialists; and through the further development of their ideas in Marx and Engels.
		The final chapters deal with Lenin and Trotsky and the origins of the Russian Revolution itself.
	www.usedbookcentral.com /texis/ubc/searchbooks,keywords,history+finland,jump,100.html (1882 words)

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