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	Frans de Waal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1977, de Waal received his doctorate in biology from Utrecht University after training as a zoologist and ethologist.
		In 1975, de Waal began a six-year project on the world's largest captive colony of chimpanzees at the Arnhem Zoo.
		His research into the innate capacity for empathy among primates has led de Waal to the conclusion that non-human great apes and humans are simply different types of apes, and that there is little difference between these species, except that humans walk on two legs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frans_de_Waal (540 words)

	LIVING_LINKS
		Frans B.M. de Waal (born 1948, the Netherlands) was trained as a zoologist and ethologist in the European tradition at three Dutch universities (Nijmegen, Groningen, Utrecht), resulting in a Ph.D. in biology from the University of Utrecht, in 1977.
		In 1991, Dr. de Waal accepted a joint position in the Psychology Department of Emory University and at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center, both in Atlanta.
		The research of Dr. de Waal is funded by the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Mental Health, the National Institutes of Health, and private foundations.
	www.emory.edu /LIVING_LINKS/de_Waal.html (304 words)

	The Spirit of Things - 3/3/2002: The New Believers - Part One, Frans de Waal
		Frans de Waal: Yes, I used that as an example to explain that not everything is harsh competition, and that the unfit perish, because Mozu certainly was an unfit individual in the sense she had no hands and feet, could barely walk.
		Frans de Waal: It was perfectly OK in the '60s and '70s to say that animals had enemies and competitors, that was perfectly fine, and you can still say that easily.
		Frans de Waal: I'm very torn on Lorenz, in the sense that I was a great admirer, I'm still a great admirer of his observational skills, and his books on animals for me were very important to get interested in animal behaviour.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/relig/spirit/stories/s490018.htm (6017 words)

	Explore Animal Culture with Frans De Waal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		De Waal's examinations of the behavioral parallels between primates and humans started in 1982 with the publication of Chimpanzee Politics, a work that documented how zoo chimpanzees jockeyed for privileges and power - much like humans.
		Most significantly, de Waal argues that culture (the transfer of ideas, customs, skills and arts from one group to later generations) is not limited to human society.
		De Waal is the C.H. Chandler Professor in the Psychology Department of Emory University and Director of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes Primate Center in Atlanta, Georgia.
	www.wcs.org /353624/191490 (338 words)

	Bonobo Society
		In "Bonobo," de Waal draws upon his own research as well as that of many other primatologists to sketch a portrait of a species much less familiar to most people than are the other great apes -- the gorilla, the orangutan and the so-called common chimpanzee.
		De Waal seeks to correct the image of humanity's ancestors as invariably chimpanzee-like, driven by aggression, hierarchical machinations, hunting, warfare and male dominance.
		FRANS B. de WAAL was trained as an ethologist in the European tradition, receiving his Ph.D. from the University of Utrecht in 1977.
	www.unl.edu /rhames/bonobo/bonobo.htm (5740 words)

	Primatologist
		De Waal says that despite the prevalent research of his time, he just didn’t buy it.
		De Waal quickly discovered that bonobos — another species of ape that, like chimpanzees, shares 98.4 percent of its DNA with humans — were highly sexual animals, using sex as a means of affection, reconciliation and friendship.
		Two of de Waal’s greatest contributions are bringing human and ape similarities to light and showing patterns of aggression and reconciliation, according to Benenson.
	www.animalliberationfront.com /Philosophy/Morality/Speciesism/Primatologist_deWaal.htm (2263 words)

	Bonobo; The Forgotten Ape
		It is interesting that both de Waal and Dawkins criticize Margaret Mead based on the unbalanced work of Derek Freeman while completely ignoring the more fair treatments such as that given by Hal Hellman.
		In particular, de Waal tests the waters with his evolutionary scenario as to why infanticide gets started or is reduced (in the case of bonobos) based on the family and social relationships.
		De Waal sees the roots of cognition in a bonobo named Kakowet, who spotted zookeepers turning on water valves and realized they would flood a nearby moat where infant apes were playing.
	www.2think.org /bonobo.shtml (1885 words)

	Frans de Waal - Penguin Group (USA) Authors - Penguin Group (USA)
		Frans de Waal, Ph.D., is a biologist and ethologist, recognized worldwide for his work on the social intelligence of such primates as chimpanzees, bonobos, capuchins, and macaques.
		De Waal is the author of five previous books, including The Ape and the Sushi Master and Peacemaking Among Primates, a winner of the Los Angeles Times Book Award.
		Controversially, de Waal challenges the validity of the nature vs. nurture debate, proclaiming that culture is firmly rooted in nature.
	us.penguingroup.com /nf/Author/AuthorPage/0,,0_1000042517,00.html?sym=QUE (730 words)

	Guest Lecture: Dr. Frans B. M. de Waal
		Frans B. de Waal is a Dutch-born zoologist and primatologist known for his work on the social intelligence of monkeys and apes.
		De Waal is currently C. Candler Professor of Psychology and Director of the Living Links Center at Emory University, in Atlanta.
		In the 1980s, de Waal worked at the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center in Madison, Wisconsin and the Yerkes National Primate Research Center at the San Diego Zoo studying both chimpanzees and their close relatives, bonobos.
	www.zoosociety.org /Events/GuestLecture.php (303 words)

	Virtuous Species: The Biological Origins of Human Morality: An Interview with Frans de Waal
		Frans de Waal thinks that science can show us a way out of this apparent evolutionary conundrum, which holds a vicious, biological amorality in one hand and a divinely inspired transcendence of nature in the other.
		De Waal looks forward to the day when the old Nature/Nurture debate is finally cast aside in favor of a more holistic and unified view of human behavior.
		Frans de Waal is Professor of Psychology and a research scientist at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center at Emory University.
	www.science-spirit.org /printerfriendly.php?article_id=184 (2220 words)

	Rutgers Writing Program - Teacher Resources - 101 - Sample Assignments - Frans de Waal
		In "Survival of the Kindest," Frans de Waal distinguishes between "functional altruism" and "intended kindness." In "Down with Dualism," he looks at the difference between "emotions" and "moral emotions." Using examples from your own experience, define these key terms.
		De Waal suggests that instead of encouraging ever more ruthless competition, the process of evolution also engenders forms of life that, surviving by means of cooperation, develop correspondingly altruistic emotions.
		De Waal suggests, moreover, that many different species have developed altruistic sensibilities, not only human beings but also chimpanzees and dogs.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~wp/teachers/101/sample_assignments/sa_waal.html (550 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Good Natured: Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		De Waal skilfully weaves together anecdotes, theories and data to create a text that is thought-provoking and a pleasure to read.
		De Waal argues convincingly, scientifically and objectively yet without the straitjacketed approach of many scientists, for the existence of ethical behaviour in non-human animals.
		De Waal's approach is careful and considered; he is able to talk about ethics among non-human primates without anthropomorphizing.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0674356616 (637 words)

	Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape (Frans de Waal) - review
		(De Waal theorises that the origins of these traits lie in the importance of avoiding infanticide: while infanticide is a common cause of death for chimpanzee infants, it seems to be non-existent in bonobos.)
		But de Waal does address issues of observational methodology (there are differences between the two main study sites in Zaire and, of course, with captive populations) and as a balance to his own interpretations includes interviews with other primatologists who have studied bonobos.
		De Waal warns against idealising bonobos; he is also cautious about drawing inferences about H sapiens from them.
	dannyreviews.com /h/Bonobo.html (491 words)

	de Waal Elected to American Philosophical Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		ATLANTA – Frans de Waal, PhD, a primatologist at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center of Emory University, a C.H. Candler professor of primate behavior in the department of psychology and director of the Living Links Center at Yerkes, has been elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society, the nation’s oldest learned society.
		De Waal is one of 50 new members recognized this year for distinguished and continuing achievements.
		de Waal's current research includes studies of food sharing, social reciprocity and conflict resolution in nonhuman primates as well as the origins of morality and justice in human society.
	www.yerkes.emory.edu /newsroom/dewaalaps.html (380 words)

	Are You in Anthropodenial? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But de Waal points out how tired this presumption is. Monkeys teach their siblings how to wash sweet potatoes in the ocean; chimpanzee mothers show their young how to use stones to crack nuts; apes learn to medicate themselves with herbs.
		In another study de Waal himself conducted, rhesus monkeys, which are characteristically combative, were placed with stump-tailed monkeys, a far more conciliatory species.
		By contrast, de Waal pays tribute to scores of other primatologists, particularly his Japanese contemporaries, for their painstaking, unblinkered chronicling of cultural differences among apes and monkeys.
	www.nytimes.com /glogin?URI=http://www.nytimes.com/books/01/04/08/reviews/010408.08fostert.html&OQ=_rQ3D3Q26orefQ3DsloginQ26orefQ3Dslogin&OP=84794d5Q2FJsQ2BgJQ7ETPQ24WTTvJgTT)Q24JVQ7CJVQ5EJVQ5CJWQ2BQ2A_Q2BsQ24JVQ7CVQ5EVQ5C,VQ5CzTQ24vQ2BWv,HvaE (758 words)

	Science & Theology News - A day in the life and in the lab of Frans de Waal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Frans de Waal, a primatologist at Yerkes National Primate Research Center in Atlanta, has made a career of finding the similarities between ape and human natures.
		De Waal quickly discovered that bonobos — another species of ape that, like chimpanzees, shares 98.4 percent of its DNA with humans — were highly sexual animals, using sex as a means of affection, reconciliation and friendship.
		Frans B.M. de Waal is born in Holland.
	www.stnews.org /articles.php?category=rlr&article_id=1034 (2659 words)

	Kenan Malik's review of 'Animal Minds' by Donald Griffin and 'The Ape and the Sushi Master' by Frans de Waal
		Nevertheless, de Waal's argument is beset by the same kinds of problems as Griffin's.
		Culture, de Waal argues, 'is merely knowledge and habits acquired from others which explains why two groups of the same species may behave differently.' Armed with this definition, de Waal shows convincingly that many non-human species possess culture.
		Western scientists, de Waal argues, have difficulties in seeing animals as cultured because Western philosophies and religions stress the exceptional character of humans.
	www.kenanmalik.com /reviews/de_waal_ape.html (925 words)

	PBS - Scientific American Frontiers:Chimps R Us:Science Hotline:de Waal
		Born in the Netherlands in 1948, de Waal trained as a zoologist and ethologist at three Dutch universities and obtained a Ph.D. in biology from the University of Utrecht in 1977.
		De Waal's study-subjects are captive animals that live in groups and under naturalistic conditions, as found at major zoos and research institutions.
		The author of numerous peer-reviewed work, de Waal is currently most interested in conflict resolution, the effect of crowding on the social behavior of macaques and chimpanzees, and reciprocity.
	www.pbs.org /saf/1108/hotline/hdewaal.htm (197 words)

	Amazon.com: My Family Album: Thirty Years of Primate Photography: Books: F. B. M. De Waal,Frans De Waal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		De Waal's specialty is the study of non-human primates in captivity, so the majority of these photographs do not show monkeys and apes in their native habitat.
		Although de Waal is best known for his study of chimpanzees and bonobos, he includes photographs of macaques, capuchins, baboons, and snow monkeys.
		Waal's accomplishment, in this occasionally hilarious, frequently touching, but always fascinating collection of photographs is that he transcends the notion that the value of primates lies in how much they are like humans.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0520236157?v=glance (1237 words)

	'Our Inner Ape': Hey Hey, We're the Monkeys - New York Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Frans de Waal, a prominent primatologist, compares our social behavior with that of two species of apes: chimpanzees and bonobos (which look like smaller, more upright chimps).
		De Waal explains that large-brained animals capable of using empathy to do kind things for others are also capable of great cruelty, because they can imagine what their victims will feel.
		De Waal's most hopeful message is that peaceful behavior can be learned, as he showed when he raised juvenile rhesus and stumptail monkeys together.
	www.nytimes.com /2005/10/09/books/review/09grandin.html?ex=1286510400&en=3dbcac1eb295be18&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss (1031 words)

	NHR Inner Page
		Frans de Waal [de Vaal] began his work on the link between human and primate behavioral patterns in 1975 with a six-year project studying the world's largest captive colony of chimpanzees at the Arnhem Zoo in the Netherlands.
		Originally trained as a zoologist and ethologist in the Netherlands, de Waal is currently the C. Candler Professor of Primate Behavior at Emory University and director of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia.
		As de Waal explained in a recent interview, it is by studying the compassionate and altruistic behavior of the bonobo and the other great apes that we can gain access "to a side of ourselves that the textbooks have put under the table."
	wp.rutgers.edu /courses/101/link_o_mat/waal.html (701 words)

	Membership- Lecture Series- Frans de Waal
		Frans de Waal, Director, Living Links Center for the Advanced Study of Ape and Human Evolution at the Yerkes Primate Center, and C. Candler Professor of Primate Behavior, Department of Psychology, at Emory University, Atlanta, presented My Family Album: Thirty Years of Primate Behavior in Photographs.
		An ethnologist, zoologist, and primatologist known internationally for his work on the social intelligence of primates, Dr. de Waal’s moving, intimate portraits capture behavior of chimpanzees, bonobos (close relatives of chimpanzees), capuchin monkeys, baboons, and macaques.
		Dr. de Waal was born in the Netherlands in 1948.
	www.sarweb.org /members/lectures/lectures04-05/dewaaldesc.htm (429 words)

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