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	Franz Boas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Franz Boas (July 9, 1858 – December 22, 1942) was one of the pioneers of modern anthropology and is often called the "Father of American Anthropology".
		Boas was sensitive about his Jewish background, and while he vocally opposed anti-Semitism, and refused to convert to Christianity, he did not identify himself as a Jew.
		Boas had a chance to apply his approach to exhibits when he was hired to assist Frederick Ward Putnam, director and curator of the Peabody Museum at Harvard University, who had been appointed as head of the Department of Ethnology and Archeology for the Chicago Fair in 1892.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Franz_Boas (8786 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Franz Boas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Franz Boas (1858-1942) was one of the pioneers of modern cultural anthropology.
		Boas was strongly committed to empiricism, and was skeptical and critical of attempts to formulate "scientific laws" of culture.
		Boas also encouraged the "four field" concept of anthropology, and contributed not only to cultural anthropology but to physical anthropology, linguistics, and archeology as well.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Franz-Boas (383 words)

	10/14/02 - Franz Boas — Liberal Icon, Scientific Fraud
		Franz Boas, often called the grandfather of modern anthropology and a pioneer pusher of the idea that race is not a very meaningful concept, merely a "social construct" not found in nature, probably ranks with Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud as one of the most influential thinkers of the modern age.
		In 1912, Boas published what became a classic study that claimed to show that the skull shapes ("cranial forms") of the descendants of European immigrants to the United States altered from those of the original immigrants.
		Boas offered no explanation for why the changes took place, but if they were real, his finding pretty much wiped out the idea that different racial and ethnic types differ in fixed physical characteristics.
	www.vdare.com /francis/boas.htm (826 words)

	AllRefer.com - Franz Boas (Anthropology, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Boas reexamined the premises of physical anthropology and was a pioneer in the application of statistical methods to biometric study.
		Boas was an early critic of the use of race as an explanation for difference in the natural and social sciences, emphasizing instead the importance of environment in the evaluation of individual capabilities, and made important contributions to stratigraphic archaeology in Mexico.
		Boas taught and inspired a generation of anthropologists, notably Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict, who pioneered the "culture and personality" school of anthropology.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Boas-Fra.html (502 words)

	Franz Boas and Early Camera Study of Behavior by Jay Ruby
		Boas espoused a theory of rhythm which encompassed dance, music, song, and many other aspects of culture, so it is quite possible the footage and sound recordings were made to study rhythm (Benedict in the letter to Mead 1959:495-6 cited earlier claims that that is indeed what he planned to do).
		While Boas saw dance as an emotional and aesthetic outlet for the dancer, his interest was not in the rewards for the individual who engaged in the activity so much as in the social identity of the dance as an expression of culture.
		Boas was a fervent opponent of racial explanations of behavior.
	astro.temple.edu /~ruby/ruby/boas.html (4769 words)

	PBS: Think Tank: Transcript for "Who Was Franz Boas?"
		Franz Boas is known as the father of American anthropology.
		BAKER: Franz Boas was a Jewish-German immigrant who came over to this country in the 1880s, after an extensive period of studying the Eskimos.
		Boas measured height, weight, head shape and other physical traits, all cross tabulated by whether his subjects were born in Europe or America, and how long they had lived in America.
	www.pbs.org /thinktank/transcript920.html (3113 words)

	Franz Boas
		Franz Boas is considered both the founder of modern anthropology as well as the father of American Anthropology.
		Franz Boas was born in Minden, Germany on July 9, 1858.
		Boas felt that one could only begin to understand a culture by taking on a complete survey of its mythology and tribal lore, religion, social taboos, marriage customs, physical appearance, diet, handicrafts, means of obtaining food, and so on.
	www.nndb.com /people/861/000097570 (1655 words)

	Franz Boas
		Franz Boas was born at Minden, Westphalia, Germany, July 9, 1858.
		Boas pioneered the concept of life group displays, commonly now as diaramas, and, as part of his argument that racial distinctions among humans are not valid he exhibited skulls of various peoples to demonstrate the irrelevance of brain size.
		In 1896, Boas moved to New York and was appointed Assistant Curator of Ethnology and Somatology at the American Museum of Natural History, and Lecturer at Columbia University.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/anthropology/about/main/one/boas.html (304 words)

	Cromohs 1998 - Lorini - The Cultural Wilderness of Canadian Water in the Ethnography of Franz Boas
		Boas planned his Arctic expedition of 1883-84 pnmarily as a geographical study to investigate the influence of environment on peoples's perceptions and their movements.
		Boas had begun to work on the Northwest Coast in 1885 as an assistant to Adolph Bastian at the Royal Ethnographic Museum in Berlin where several representatives of the Bella Coola tribe were exhibited (Cole, 1985:104-5).
		Boas took his first trip to the Northwest Coast in 1886 with the idea that myths, like language and physical characteristics, might be a useful tool for differentiating and interpreting tribes and spent much of his time recording them.
	www.cromohs.unifi.it /3_98/lorini.html (4234 words)

	Anthro 500b \| Session notes on Franz Boas
		Boas took immediate note of the ranking of these kin groups, and the way that rank was expressed through names and titles that were acquired through competitive ceremonial giveaways.
		Boas shared with Powell a commitment to the study of aboriginal languages, to a symbolic definition of culture, to ethnography based on texts, to historical reconstruction on linguistic grounds and to mapping the linguistics and cultural diversity of native North America.
		Boas rarely suggested subjects for dissertations; a student who had been studying anthropology for two years and had found no problem he wished to pursue was not worth bothering with.
	classes.yale.edu /03-04/anth500b/session_notes/SN_Boas.htm (7822 words)

	Franz Boas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Franz Boas (July 9, 1858 - December 22, 1942) was one of the pioneers of modern cultural anthropology and is often called the "Father of American Anthropology." Like many such pioneers, he trained in other disciplines; he received his doctorate in physics, and did post-doctoral work in geography.
		Boas argued that specific cultural traits — behaviors, beliefs, and symbols — had to be understood in terms of their local context.
		In physical anthropology he challenged various uses of the notion of race, and argued that there was no necessary or strong connection between race and culture.
	www.wikiverse.org /franz-boas (401 words)

	Franz Boas Collections, American Philosophical Society
		The Boas Collections at the APS are the key resource for documenting the transformations in American ethnography, linguistics, and physical anthropology in the period between the 1880s and 1940s.
		Boas appears as a correspondent in numerous APS collections, and in addition to its rich collections for the history of anthropology, the library houses the papers of several of Boas's former students and proteges, including Frank Speck, Elsie Clews Parsons, John Alden Mason, Paul Radin, and Ashley Montagu.
		The 4.5 linear feet of correspondence from Boas in the collection is comprised primarily of letters to his family from the 1860s until his death in 1942, along with diaries for 1886, 1888, 1889.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/b/boas.htm (2364 words)

	Zora Neale Hurston's Mules and Men and E-Project
		Franz Boas was born in Minden Germany on July 9, 1858 to a liberal jewish family.
		Franz Boas, the father of modern anthropology, is accorded the first words in Mules and Men.
		Charlotte Osgood Mason and her subsequent controlling patronage of the text, and it was of primary importance both to Hurston and to the publisher that Boas involvement be publicized.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~MA01/Grand-Jean/Hurston/Chapters/professor.html (897 words)

	[No title]
		Franz Boas is considered one of the founders of academic anthropology and is also credited with the theory of Historical Particularism.
		Boas argued that those armchair anthropologists organized that second-hand data in unsystematic manners to fit their preconceived ideas.
		Boas did not deny the existence of general laws on human behavior and developed the position that those laws could be discovered from the understanding of a specific society.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/anthropology/Boaz.html (418 words)

	Boas, Franz articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Boas, Franz BOAS, FRANZ [Boas, Franz], 1858-1942, German-American anthropologist, b.
		He was a student of Franz Boas and studied the Winnebago tribe for much of his life, writing classic accounts of this group: The Winnebago Tribe (1923) and
		She was a student and later a colleague of Franz Boas at Columbia, where she taught from 1924.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/01602.html (453 words)

	Lee D. Baker, Franz Boas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He presents Boas as a complicated intellectual whose struggle to understand the saliency of race in the U.S. at the beginning of the century defined the parameters from which we still grapple with racial issues at the end of the century.
		Boas advanced ambiguous or equivocal ideas about equality, the author outlines, because he challenged racial hierarchies by using the same methods as racialist physical anthropologist.
		Boas, his students, and close associates developed a tightly knit discourse that aligned theories of racial equality with notions of a historically specific cultural relativity.
	www.duke.edu /~ldbaker/clippings/williams.html (658 words)

	Franz Boas - MSN Encarta
		Franz Boas (1858-1942), German American anthropologist and ethnologist, born in Minden, and educated at the universities of Heidelberg, Bonn, and Kiel.
		In 1883-1884 he made a scientific exploration of the Baffin Island region of the Arctic.
		Boas organized and took part in the Jesup North Pacific expedition of 1902, which suggested the possibility of a strong relationship between northern Asian and northwestern Native American cultures.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563217/Franz_Boas.html (284 words)

	Franz Boas
		Boas is the early-twentieth-century scholar most responsible for discrediting the then-dominant scientific theories of racial superiority.
		A student of Native American languages, Boas emphasized the importance of linguistic analysis from internal linguistic structure.
		Boas was born in Minden, Westphalia, and educated at the University of Kiel in Germany.
	c250.columbia.edu /c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/franz_boas.html (411 words)

	Franz Boas Seminar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		You are cordially invited to attend a Franz Boas seminar to be presented by Professor Adeline Masquelier, Associate Professor of the Department of Anthropology at Tulane University - Wednesday,October 19, 2005 at 4:10pm in 963 Schermerhorn Ext.
		You are cordially invited to attend a Franz Boas seminar to be presented by Professor Issa Shivji, a Faculty of Law at the University of Dar es Salaam - Wednesday, September 21, 2005 at 4:10pm in 963 Schermerhorn Ext.
		You are cordially invited to attend a Franz Boas seminar to be presented by Professor Katherine Verdery, a Scholar in Residence at the Russel Sage Foundation, NY, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor - Wednesday, February 16, 2005 at 4:10pm in 963 Schermerhorn Ext.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/anthropology/rce/main/calendar/boas.html (341 words)

	Lefalophodon: Franz Boas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Boas was the most important figure in American anthropology during the prime of his career.
		As a progressive and a Jewish immigrant, Boas opposed the racist, genetically deterministic eugenics movement that was spearheaded by New York area scientific figures like Davenport, Madison Grant, William Hornaday, and Osborn.
		Boas was heavily influenced by the anti-evolutionary views of Virchow, with whom he was personally acquainted.
	www.nceas.ucsb.edu /~alroy/lefa/Boas.html (250 words)

	Franz Boas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Franz Boas is best known for his work with the Kwakiutl Indians from Northern Vancouver and the adjacent mainland of British Columbia, Canada.
		Boas added cultural relativism to the body of anthropological theory and believed in historical particularism; cultural relativism pointed out that the differences in peoples were the results of historical, social and geographic conditions and all populations had complete and equally developed culture.
		Franz Boas emerges from a hole in a screen, taking the pose of a Kwakiutl winter ceremonial dancer.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/information/biography/abcde/boas_franz.html (276 words)

	Franz Boas
		The difference between Tylor and Boas can be illustrated by a dispute Boas had with a Tylorian-style evolutionist, O.T. Mason over the displays in a museum.
		Mason had artifacts from different cultures all mixed up, sorted according to an evolutionary system – that is, items from different cultures that were thought to represent the same stage of development would be grouped together, and apart from items from the same culture at a different “stage”.
		That is, Boas espoused anthropological holism and cultural particularism.
	spruce.flint.umich.edu /~simoncu/269/boas.htm (330 words)

	R. Prince -- Franz Boas Study Questions Page
		Boas' detailed study of Native American skeletal material was very suggestive.
		Boas had very specific ideas of the principles of setting up a museum collection.
		At the end of the video it is suggested that Boas' ideas about race were not taken seriously in the USA until the rise of Nazism in Germany.
	clem.mscd.edu /~princer/ant3390/boas_questions.htm (383 words)

	Franz Boas - Bedeutung, Definition, Erklärung im netlexikon
		Bekannt geworden ist Boas durch seinen Kulturrelativismus: Jede Kultur ist relativ und nur aus sich selbst heraus zu verstehen.
		Boas und seine Schülerinnen und Schüler (wie Alfred Kroeber und Ruth Benedict) änderten die nordamerikanische Anthropologie nachhaltig.
		Franz Boas bei den kanadischen Inuit im Jahre 1883-1884 von Carol C Knötsch (Broschiert)
	www.lexikon-definition.de /Franz-Boas.html (463 words)

	Franz boas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Start the Franz boas article or add a request for it.
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		Look for Franz boas in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/franz_boas (135 words)

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