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	Fraunhofer Society - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Fraunhofer Society (German Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) is a German research organization named after the German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer, with 58 institutes spread throughout Germany, each focusing on different fields of applied science (as opposed to the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, which works primarily on basic science).
		The Fraunhofer Society was founded in Munich on 26 March 1949 by representatives of industry and academia, the government of Bavaria and the nascent Federal Republic.
		In 1952 The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs declared the Fraunhofer Society as the third column in the non-university German research landscape beside the German research council (DFG) and the Max-Planck Institute.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fraunhofer_Society (1122 words)

	Encyclopedia: Fraunhofer Society
		Joseph von Fraunhofer Joseph von Fraunhofer (March 6, 1787 â€“ June 7, 1826) was a German physicist.
		The Fraunhofer Society (German Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) is a German research organization named after the german physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer, with 57 institutes spread over Germany each focusing on different fields of science.
		Fraunhofer Lines Prominent Fraunhofer lines in the spectrum of the sun are shown, together with their corresponding wavelengths.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Fraunhofer-Society (514 words)

	Fraunhofer Portfolio
		The project "Fraunhofer Portfolio" is a project commissioned by the Fraunhofer Headquarters in Munich, led by Dr. Lothar Behlau (behlau@zv.fraunhofer.de).
		The aim of the project is to develop the subject fields of the Fraunhofer Society (FhG) with the most relevance for the future and discuss them within the Fraunhofer Society.
		If the Fraunhofer Society is not active in a future-oriented area, this does not mean that it must do so, but has to give reasons for action respectively inaction.
	www.isi.fhg.de /p/Projektbeschreibungen/cu_portfolio_e.htm (276 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| MP3 engineers tackle digital cinema
		Fraunhofer engineers are experts in data compression, handy for making music files portable on the internet and essential for dealing with the giant volumes of data generated by film.
		The Fraunhofer Society is showcasing its latest technology at the CeBIT trade fair in Hanover in Germany.
		The Fraunhofer Society is a state and industry-backed research consortium named after the 19th Century optical instrument inventor Joseph von Fraunhofer and employs about 9,000 people.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/low/science/nature/1879030.stm (523 words)

	Volpe Center: Transportation Strategic Plans
		The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer Society) was established in 1949 in then West Germany at the inspiration of the Bavarian Secretary of State for Economic Affairs as a non-profit organization to promote the development and deployment of advanced technologies within that nation.
		Finally, the Fraunhofer Society itself could probably not have grown as rapidly or as expansively without access to these key resources from their governmental and university partners -- funding, basic infrastructure such as buildings and laboratory facilities, and a highly trained professional staff.
		The Society's tendency to require at least partial ownership of the results of their projects may deter U.S. companies from collaborating, due to concerns that the advances they fund may eventually be available to indirect and possibly direct competitors in their market areas.
	www.volpe.dot.gov /infosrc/strtplns/nstc/ppp2/chap2d.html (3596 words)

	Fraunhofer IBMT - Profile of the Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT) is one of the five institutes of the Alliance Life Science of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and concentrates mainly on the development of technology.
		With the foundation of IBMT, Fraunhofer Society intended to contribute to science and research in particular to modern technologies and technology transfer in the area of clinical research in cooperation with well-known national and international university departments and hospitals in various fields.
		In the year 2004 the external Fraunhofer IBMT group Cell Differentiation and Cell Technology was founded at the University at Lübeck that mainly works on the medical usage of adult stem cells.
	www.ibmt.fhg.de /ibmt1_e.html (728 words)

	Product News Network: Bar Code Laser Scanner uses MEMS nanotechnology
		Fraunhofer IPMS is focused on research, development and fabrication of Photonic Microsystems, such as optical sensors, actuators for light deflection and modulation, readout and control ASICs for MOEMS (Micro Opto Electro Mechanical Systems), as well as complete imaging systems, including image capturing, data handling, and data transmission and displays.
		Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems (IPMS) is one of 58 independent Institutes of the Fraunhofer Society, Europe's largest organization for applied research and development.
		Fraunhofer IPMS carries out customer and application specific research, development and fabrication of highly innovative photonic microsystems, such as light modulating devices (scanners, micro mirror arrays), light emitting devices (Organic Light-Emitting Diodes) and optical detectors (photodiodes, integrated optoelectronics), as well as system development based on proprietary sensors and actuators or commercially available components.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0PIL/is_2004_Dec_23/ai_n8583613 (1024 words)

	Fraunhofer Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The Fraunhofer Society (German Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) is a German research organization named after the german Joseph von Fraunhofer with 58 institutes spread over Germany focusing on different fields of applied science as opposed to the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft which works mostly on basic science.
		It was named after Joseph von Fraunhofer since he is deemed to have a scientist engineer and entrepreneur in one exemplifying the goals of the society.
		The offical name of the Fraunhofer Society is Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. (German for "Fraunhofer Society for the of applied science").
	www.freeglossary.com /Fraunhofer_Society (590 words)

	Aqua Society, Inc.: Fraunhofer Institute-Market Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		In its preliminary report to the Company, Fraunhofer UMSICHT has estimated that a total of 85 GWth of usable waste heat energy is available in Germany.
		The Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT is operated by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, a German research organization that provides applied research services to public institutions, governments and private industry.
		Fraunhofer Gesellschaft is Europe's leading applied research organization and is funded by the German federal and state governments as well as by private industry.
	www2.ccnmatthews.com /newsnet/2005/12/16/1216062n.html?cp=globe (437 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The President of the Fraunhofer Society (FhG), Professor Hans-Jörg Bullinger, is one of the central coordinators and planners of the innovation initiative.
		The meanwhile 58 Fraunhofer institutes of applied research have been called on to take active part in devising methods and tools, which would shorten the innovation process and help industry reach the product stage in a short period of time.
		Last year, a team of Fraunhofer Society researchers selected some 100 examples of innovative ideas born out of the FhG institutes, which have, in their opinion, a good future market potential.
	www.britischebotschaft.de /en/embassy/r&t/notes/rt-note04.1017(m)_frauenhofer_society.htm (929 words)

	Fraunhofer IAO - The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
		The Fraunhofer Society is the leading organisation of applied research in Germany.
		The remaining one third is contributed by the German federal and Länder governments, partly as a means of enabling the institutes to pursue more fundamental research in areas that are likely to become relevant to industry and society in five or ten years’ time.
		The name Fraunhofer Gesellschaft was chosen in reference to the researcher, inventor, and entrepreneur Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787 - 1826), who won high acclaim for his scientific and commercial achievements.
	www.iao.fraunhofer.de /e/profil/fhgesellschaft.hbs (160 words)

	Government Policies
		The Fraunhofer Society is the leading organization of applied research in Germany.
		One of the goals of the Fraunhofer Society is a rapid transfer of innovations.
		The name Fraunhofer Society was chosen in reference to the researcher inventor, and entrepreneur Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787 - 1826), who won high acclaim for his scientific and commercial achievements.
	www.american.edu /initeb/es0939a/Government.htm (931 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		In June 2005, the Fraunhofer Centre for Molecular Biotechnology CMB in Newark, USA, received a grant of $ 1,2 million from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for the development of a vaccine against the African Trypanosomiasis (sleep sickness).
		Fraunhofer Institutes focus on applied research and development but an amount of strategic and precompetitive research is also undertaken.
		In 2003, the Fraunhofer Society was granted 254 new patents, raising the total number of active German patents of the FhG to 1830.
	www.britischebotschaft.de /en/embassy/r&t/notes/rt-fs005_fraunhofer.html (1714 words)

	ScienceDaily: Fraunhofer Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		It employees over 12,500, mainly scientists and engineers, with an annual research budget of over one billion euros.
		This serves both to drive the realisation of the Fraunhofer Society's strategic direction of becoming a leader in applied research as well as encouraging a flexible, autonomous and entrepreneurial approach to the societiy's research priorities.
		Jared Diamond's Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed is the glass-half-empty follow-up to his Pulitzer Prize-winning Guns, Germs, and Steel.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/fraunhofer_society (1825 words)

	II Journal: Laser technology partnership between U-M and German Institute
		The Fraunhofer Resource Center, located on the Engineering Campus of the University of Michigan, is a newly organized affiliate of the Fraunhofer Society, which encompasses a number of Institutes for Manufacturing Technologies in Germany.
		The co-location of a Fraunhofer Institute and a university, and the participation of students and faculty in applied research, has been shown in Germany to be an extremely effective way to facilitate the transfer of technology from academia to industry.
		Representatives of the Fraunhofer Society and the parent Institute in Aachen are currently engaged with us in developing a detailed agreement that will provide the basis for the operation of the partnership.
	www.umich.edu /~iinet/journal/vol2no3/v2n3_Laser_Technology_Partnership.html (1165 words)

	"Deutschland" Online
		The Max Planck Society is currently having a new glass building erected for the homecomer and the team he brought with him from the US; the professor will be moving in next year.
		Fraunhofer’s researchers have one foot in the laboratory and the other in the factory, because most of their orders come from industrial or service companies, and many of these are small to medium-sized firms.
		Because their scientists were not obliged to teach at universities, some of the best researchers in the country were not involved in training the next generation of scientists.
	www.magazine-deutschland.de /issue/Buendelung_4-04_ENG_E1.php?lang=eng (1555 words)

	Fraunhofer IIS - Press Release - Cooperation of Fraunhofer IIS and the American Society of Cinematographers ASC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		In fact, Fraunhofer IIS and ASC are preparing activities to establish and propose a standard for a 10 GBit/s high data rate camera interface.
		As an organization for applied research the Fraunhofer Institutes are working close to the market and to the requirements of their customers.
		The American Society of Cinematographers traces its roots to 1913 when a handful of cinematographers organized camera clubs in New York and Los Angeles, which met informally for the purpose of sharing ideas about technical and creative issues.
	www.iis.fraunhofer.de /pub_rel/presse/2005/asc/index.html (435 words)

	Document: Instruments
		In 1813 Fraunhofer built the first spectrograph which could be used to separate sunlight into its various colors for measuring purposes.
		Fraunhofer discovered approximately 1500 absorption lines and used them to measure monochromatic radiation and refractive indices.
		The Fraunhofer Society for the Promotion of Applied Research founded in 1949 is named after the famous physicist.
	www.zeiss.co.uk /de/home_e.nsf/78be232b5368b1b2c12566fe003b2602/41cb83ee56f8abbbc12568b0003579bf?OpenDocument (266 words)

	Fraunhofer Woes
		Taken at face value, there are two societies now, one part involved in research in the public interest, which would be tax exempted, and a contract research arm submitted to full taxation.
		Fraunhofer's infrastructure and its own research activities provide basic the framework for small and medium enterprises accessing modern technology.
		Fraunhofer's hopes now rest with a working group of the federal and state finance ministers that is trying to figure out how to render current practice compliant with the BFH ruling, possibly by explicitly writing the privilege into the tax code.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/sietmann/fhg-tax.htm (638 words)

	Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Presseinformation 31.05.2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		At the Fraunhofer Center Nanoelectronic Technology CNT in Dresden science and industry are cooperating in a public-private-partnership to develop new process technologies for nanoelectronics.
		The ceremonial opening of the CNT with guests from the Federal Government, from the Free State of Saxony as well as members of science and industry took place on May 31st, 2005.
		Besides building expenses the BMBF and the Free State of Saxony are supporting the new Fraunhofer facility with institutional funds totaling 80 million Euro to be paid over the next five years, intended for the purchase of basic equipment.
	fraunhofer.de /fhg/EN/press/pi/2005/05/Presseinformation31052005.jsp (1294 words)

	Germany's engines of innovation: Top-notch research centres - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		It doesn't happen very often at Max Planck, but it is vital for the institutes of the Fraunhofer Society: close co-operation with industry.
		In the 1990s, staff at the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits were looking for ways of compressing audio data and invented the MP3 standard - the most important technology for downloading music from the Internet and storing entire record collections on a small piece of equipment.
		The same applies to the MPS and the institutions of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Society, the fourth in the league of major research organisations.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /news/html/20041001T200000-0500_66938_OBS_GERMANY_S_ENGINES_OF_INNOVATION__TOP_NOTCH_RESEARCH_CENTRES.asp (1574 words)

	Germany Info: Education & Research: Research Institutions
		The Max-Planck Society for the advancement of science is an independent nonprofit research organization.
		In 78 research institutes, laboratories, branch offices, and working groups, the Max-Planck Society performs basic research in the interest of the general public in the natural sciences, life sciences, social sciences and humanities.
		The nearly 50 research institutes of the Fraunhofer Society carry out applied contract research and development for industry in nearly all engineering disciplines, strategic research projects for public institutions, as well as their own research projects to keep up scientific quality and competitiveness, and to develop new research areas.
	www.germany-info.org /relaunch/education/research/research.html (1207 words)

	kompetenznetze.de - Fraunhofer Society's earned income rises to 63 percent
		The Fraunhofer institutes were able to increase their industrial earnings by € 30 million to a total of € 317 million, thus compensating for the decline in project funding from the federal and Länder governments.
		The Executive Board of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is particularly proud of having strengthened its bonds of cooperation with industry, given that German companies had cut back spending on external research and development work in the year under review.
		That the Fraunhofer institutes should have been so successful in the face of these adverse conditions is a testimony to their outstanding competitive ability.
	www.kompetenznetze.de /navi/en/root,did=120994.html (439 words)

	Lightweight Construction in Automobiles / Renewable Resources for Chemical Products / Safe Explosives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The Fraunhofer ICT is the only research institution in Germany that covers the entire chain of research and technology from formulation and laboratory synthesis to implementation on a mass-production scale, making it one of the key partners in European cooperation.
		The Fraunhofer ICT is getting ever more closely involved in the Fraunhofer strategy process, both to expand its scope of action within the framework of existing associations and alliances, and to serve the markets better.
		The fact that the Fraunhofer Society ranks second on the list of employers most favoured by female students shows that we are on the right track.
	www.ict.fhg.de /english/presse/jahresbilanz2005.html (1838 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Usually, only five candidates per year are presented to the Senate of the Fraunhofer society, which consists of 34 members, including representatives from research, industry, economy and German governmental organizations, for acceptance into honorary membership.
		Johnson was recognized for significant achievement in applied research and cooperation with the Fraunhofer Society.
		The Fraunhofer Society was created in 1949, immediately after West Germany became an independent state, to help reconstruct German industry after World War II.
	www.reed-electronics.com /Electronicnews/index.asp?layout=articlePrint&articleID=CA48351 (348 words)

	campus-germany.de - Diversity of Institutions: The German Science System: Wild Jungle or Lush Garden?
		The Max Planck Society supports around 80 research centers through the German Republic and the federal government and the states are each responsible for one half of its operating expenses, around 900 million euro a year.
		The Society itself is named after the Munich inventor Joseph von Fraunhofer and it is the umbrella organization for around 80 research centers, which also conduct research for industry, for the service sector and for the federal government as well as the states and municipalities around Germany.
		The Fraunhofer researchers have to raise about two thirds of their annual budget of a billion euro themselves by working with the industry and publicly financed research projects.
	www.campus-germany.de /english/2.60.262.html (1183 words)

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