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Topic: Freak wave

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	Freak wave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Freak waves, also known as rogue waves or monster waves, are relatively large and spontaneous ocean surface waves which can sink even large ships and ocean liners.
		Such waves were said to consist of an almost vertical wall of water preceded by a trough so deep that it was referred to as a "hole in the sea"; a ship encountering a wave of such magnitude would be unlikely to survive the tremendous pressures of up to 100 tonnes/m
		Further analysis of freak waves using a fully nonlinear model by R.H. Gibbs (2005) brings this mode into question, as it is shown that a typical wavegroup focusses in such a way as to produce a significant wall of water, at the cost of a reduced height.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Freak_wave (2483 words)

	This weeks seminar
		Freak waves, alternatively called rogue waves or giant waves, are exceptionally large, steep, and asymmetric waves whose heights usually exceed by 2.2 times the significant wave height.
		Wave group structure, e.g., spectral slope and frequency bandwidth, is found to be critical to the formation and the geometric properties of freak waves.
		A strong correlation between the magnitude of inter-wave instantaneous frequency modulation and the freak wave non-linearity (steepness) is observed.
	www.jhu.edu /~ceafm/Seminars-Spring-06/C-Wu.htm (389 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Horizon - Freak Wave
		The largest wave marine architects are required to accommodate in the design strength calculations is 15m from trough to crest.
		Unable to maintain her course into the waves, there was a real risk the ship could go down and they knew none of the passengers would survive in lifeboats in such freezing conditions.
		A freak wave is not only far bigger, it is so steep it is almost breaking.
	www.bbc.co.uk /science/horizon/2002/freakwave.shtml (1157 words)

	Max Wave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		By analysing the appearance of freak waves, it became clear that under typical weather conditions the probability of their occurrence is increasing.
		For the forecast of freak waves maps of physical and environmental conditions are needed to identify warning periods and areas, similar to tornado warnings.
		In observations freak waves are characterised by a deep trough ahead a steep and high crest.
	w3g.gkss.de /projects/maxwave/sap/BP/minutes_bp.htm (2279 words)

	Crow's Nest - Freak Waves
		While always unexpected, freak waves tend to occur more often in particular areas, such as off the eastern coast of South Africa (where the Waratah disappeared and the Oceanos sunk, as described in the SAVAGE SEAS episode "Killer Waves"), in the Gulf of Alaska, and off the Florida coast.
		Off Florida, freak waves are born from the interaction of the northeast-flowing Florida current and North Atlantic storm waves butting up against the current.
		To reduce the damage caused by rogue waves, oceanographers are trying to develop techniques to predict when and where they'll strike.
	www.thirteen.org /savageseas/neptune-side-waves.html (366 words)

	freak waves
		Waves of more than 5m were reported at Sydney's southern beaches, and NSW Surf Lifesaving said it was possible the seas were even bigger on the state's south coast.
		The giant waves observed are not the same as the notorious "freak waves" that appear out of nowhere during relatively mild weather, destroying even large vessels.
		SPAIN - A freak wave ended the life of an angler in El Hierro and almost took that of his brother as the two men were fishing off Costa de Cangrejos, Valverde, last week.
	home.att.net /~thehessians/newtide.html (15716 words)

	[No title]
		On its own it shouldn't cause freak waves, but scientists suspected that if the current heading one way were to meet wind and waves coming in the opposite direction then perhaps this could be the source of all t he trouble.
		When the waves were going with the current they were small, but when the waves were going in the opposite directi on to the current the effect was dramatic.
		Outside the current and the wave height inside the current and what is quite conspicuous here is this very, very significant increase in the wave height as the satellite moved across the current.
	members.fortunecity.com /templarseries/horizon/freakwave.rtf (4993 words)

	Laboratory measurements of limiting freak waves on currents
		Wave group structure, for example, spectral slope and frequency bandwidth, is found to be critical to the formation and the geometric properties of freak waves.
		A nondimensional spectral bandwidth is shown to well represent wave group structure and proves to be a good indicator in determining limiting freak wave characteristics.
		A strong correlation between the magnitude of interwave instantaneous frequency modulation and the freak wave nonlinearity (steepness) is observed.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2004JC002612.shtml (343 words)

	Freak waves, rogue waves, extreme waves and ocean wave climate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		With a wave maker at the end of the tank one creates a signal in the form of a wave train where the wave length varies, with the shortest waves in front.
		The problem with this explanation of freak waves is the following: To have a significant effect from this process it is required that the waves enter the zone of variable currents with a single direction.
		Freak Wave produced by BBC Horizon and shown in BBC Two Thursday 14.
	www.math.uio.no /~karstent/waves/index_en.html (1774 words)

	NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Rogue Waves and Explorations of Coast Waves Project
		As the cause of freak waves is still unknown, measurements and analysis of this phenomena are extremely rare.
		Rogue waves, sometimes also known as freak waves, are a special kind of ocean waves that is distinguished by an instant, singular, and unexpected wave profile with an extraordinarily large and steep crest or trough.
		This assumption is inconsistent with the existence of freak waves.
	www.glerl.noaa.gov /res/Task_rpts/2002/ppliu02-3.html (1322 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Horizon - Freak Wave
		The sensors were regularly reading waves of 12m when suddenly out of the blue came a wave that was so high and so steep scientists had thought it was impossible.
		On its own it shouldn't cause freak waves, but scientists suspected that if the current heading one way were to meet wind and waves coming in the opposite direction then perhaps this could be the source of all the trouble.
		When the waves were going with the current they were small, but when the waves were going in the opposite direction to the current the effect was dramatic.
	www.bbc.co.uk /science/horizon/2002/freakwavetrans.shtml (4678 words)

	K38 Water Safety Forum - Freak Big Wave Hits Cruise Ship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In any group of waves, there may be one that is twice the average height and can become even bigger if it strikes a rocking ship at the right instant, said Steve Lyon, a meteorologist at the Weather Channel in Atlanta.
		A 50-foot wave could therefore be expected, and if the ship encountered it at the right moment, it could be 20 feet higher, he said.
		A wave in heavy seas is measured from the bottom of the trough to its top, he said.
	www.shawnalladio.com /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=337 (1504 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This current, moving in a NE direction, is composed of a gradient current caused by the level of the sea being raised in the low pressure area and the surface drift caused by wind friction.
		lt is thought that a combination of the waves in these different wave trains, together with some aberration in the Agulhas Current caused by the influence of the counter current, has on several occasions caused an exceptionally large wave to form, the notorious Freak Wave of the Natal Coast.
		The lifetime of such a freak wave is very short, and it will extend over a distance of not much more than 11 cables, so that the chances of a ship encountering it are small.
	www.dynagen.co.za /eugene/freaks.html (380 words)

	Monster Freak Rogue Waves spotted from Space.
		To cleanse him in a crucible of suffering because of his aberrations, because of his arrogance, because of his turning from the truth, the light, and from the Commandments given by the Eternal Father.
		The shady phenomenon of freak waves as tall as 10 storey buildings had finally been proved, the European Space Agency (ESA) said on Wednesday.
		And on New Year's Day, 1985 a wave of 26m was measured hitting the Draupner oil rig in the North Sea off Norway.
	www.tldm.org /News7/MonsterTitleWaves.htm (1609 words)

	ESA Portal - Ship-sinking monster waves revealed by ESA satellites
		Rogue waves are believed to be the major cause in many such cases.
		Offshore platforms have also been struck: on 1 January 1995 the Draupner oil rig in the North Sea was hit by a wave whose height was measured by an onboard laser device at 26 metres, with the highest waves around it reaching 12 metres.
		The fact that rogue waves actually take place relatively frequently had major safety and economic implications, since current ships and offshore platforms are built to withstand maximum wave heights of only 15 metres.
	www.esa.int /esaCP/SEMOKQL26WD_index_0.html (1182 words)

	'Freak' Wave Rocks Cruise 70-Footer Hits NY-Bound Ship
		A "freak wave" more than 70 feet high slammed a luxury cruise ship steaming for New York yesterday, flooding cabins, injuring passengers and forcing the liner to stop for emergency repairs.
		But then the vessel, longer than three football fields, was suddenly smacked by the "freak wave," said Norwegian Cruise Line spokeswoman Susan Robison.
		The tidal wave wrecked windows on the ninth and 10th floors and wreaked havoc below decks, destroying furniture, the onboard theater, and a store that sold expensive gifts.
	www.rense.com /general64/freak.htm (534 words)

	'Freak' wave rocks cruise (70-footer hits N.Y.-bound ship)
		Rogue storm waves only last for a few seconds; they're caused by several normal storm waves that happen to get "in synch" for a brief period of time.
		The most rogue waves in the world are between Madagascar and South Africa in the Agulhas current, which is even faster than the Gulf Stream.
		A "freak" wave is called that because it's the product of two or more wave-generating sources -- two storms, for example -- that send out waves and they pile up on one another.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1385374/posts (2887 words)

	Science Snapshot
		But tsunamis are not freak or rogue waves—another kind of wave known for its extraordinary height, abnormal shape, but completely unanticipated.
		Thanks to some of the best technology available, Rosenstiel School is at the forefront in developing freak wave models, monitoring what used to be considered merely nautical myth, and working to create a warning system to protect those out at sea.
		Whether it’s wind-driven waves, currents, ocean bottom topography or inclement weather, these factors can all play a role in freak wave development.
	www.rsmas.miami.edu /res-sheets/freak-wave.html (609 words)

	USATODAY.com - Cruise ship back in N.Y. after being damaged by huge wave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		NEW YORK (AP) — Passengers disembarking Monday from a cruise ship that was struck by a freak seven-story-high wave said the stormy weather that smashed windows and sent furniture flying reminded them of the Titanic.
		The wave sent furniture sailing through the air and knocked hot tubs overboard.
		Norwegian Cruise Line said the freak wave broke windows in two different cabins.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2005-04-17-cruise-wave_x.htm?csp=34 (640 words)

	The Bosuns Watch! A Freak Wave.
		A freak wave which hit the Fleetwood trawler SSAFA homeward bound from Iceland left the ship in darkness and without even a compass to steer by.
		The 426 ton trawler docked in Fleetwood early yesterday, and at his home in Galloway Road, Fleetwood, Skipper Charlie Pook aged 32 told how the wave locked him in his cabin.
		The wave also swept over the casing behind the bridge carrying away fittings and the ship"s lifeboat.
	www.mikes-place.connectfree.co.uk /freakwave.html (306 words)

	Cruise Critic News: Freak Wave Bashes Norwegian Dawn; Delays Return
		As Norwegian Cruise Line's Norwegian Dawn cruised north on its way home to New York Saturday, it was slammed by a 70-ft. "freak wave" that broke windows in two cabins and flooded another 60.
		Also damaged, according to media reports, were windows on the 9th and 10th floors, gift shop, and theater, not to mention bars, which lost of much of their glassware, and the lido buffet, whose food displays wound up on the floor.
		Rogue waves, defined as unpredictable waves that occur at random, have already sidelined two ships this year alone.
	www.cruisecritic.com /news/news.cfm?ID=1286 (578 words)

	CBC News: Wave-whipped cruise ship back at sea
		Coast guard officials say the Norwegian Dawn's hull was damaged when the 21-metre wave slammed into the vessel on Saturday.
		At least 62 cabins were flooded and four passengers received cuts and bruises when the wave hit as high as deck 10 of the ship.
		One passenger told the New York Daily News that after the wave hit, the captain announced all drinks would be free for the rest of the night.
	www.cbc.ca /story/world/national/2005/04/18/cruiseship-wave050418.html (992 words)

	Passenger tells of 'freak wave'... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A 70-foot wave slammed a cruise ship early Saturday off the Atlantic coast.
		None of the 2,000 passengers was seriously hurt, and the Norwegian Dawn docked Monday in New York Harbor.
		Thats my worst nightmare,that a freak wave will hit a ship that Im on.
	www.passionforcruising.com /forum/viewtopic.php?t=33 (155 words)

	WJLA - Cruise Ship Returning After Wave Damage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		CHARLESTON, S.C. A freak seven-story wave that slammed into a cruise ship sent furniture sailing through the air, knocked Jacuzzis overboard and forced some passengers to sleep in hallways in life jackets.
		James Fraley, who was taking a honeymoon cruise with his wife, said they called their loved ones as the wave pounded the boat because they thought the ship was going down.
		We're talking 47-foot waves hitting the 10th floor, knocking Jacuzzis on the 12th floor overboard - people sleeping in hallways in life jackets," Fraley told WCBD-TV in Charleston.
	www.wjla.com /headlines/0405/221600.html (565 words)

	Planet Ark : Freak Wave Batters Cruise Liner off Florida
		MIAMI - A freak wave some 70 feet (21 metres) high smashed into a cruise liner as the vessel returned to New York from the Bahamas, slightly injuring four passengers and flooding 62 cabins, the ship's owners said on Sunday.
		Norwegian Cruise Line, part of the Malaysian Genting Group's Star Cruises Ltd., said the wave shattered two windows on the Norwegian Dawn at daybreak on Saturday off the Florida coast.
		The New York Daily News said the wave wrecked windows on the ninth and 10th floors of the towering, 1,000-foot (305-metre) luxury liner, which entered service in December 2002.
	www.planetark.com /dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/30429/story.htm (434 words)

	'Freak wave' damages cruise ship \| wkyc.com
		A Norwegian Cruise Line statement says windows were broken in two cabins and a total of 62 cabins were flooded.
		A company spokesman says the “freak wave” reached as high as deck ten on the “Norwegian Dawn,” which is just under 1,000-feet long.
		A Coast Guard Group official says the ship’s hull was damaged, but the vessel was not taking on water.
	www.wkyc.com /news/news_fullstory.asp?id=33450 (214 words)

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